Wheat, soft

Grain of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L., also known as Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum).

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 86.9 100 % - 1.3 80 -97.5 13673 2.1
Crude protein 11 12.6 % - 1 7.1 -16.8 23339 1.2 8.8 -18.7 13574
Crude fibre 2.4 2.7 % - 0.3 1.3 -4.7 3702 0.4 1.5 -5.5 3457
Crude fat 1.4 1.6 % - 0.2 0.7 -2.3 3094 0.2 0.8 -2.6 2901
Ash 1.5 1.8 % - 0.2 1 -2.7 3412 0.2 1.1 -3.1 3180
Insoluble ash 0.04 0.05 % - 0.05 0 -0.1 21 0.06 0 -0.2 20
NDF 12.8 14.7 % - 1.5 9.2 -17.2 347 1.7 10.1 -19.5 254
ADF 3.3 3.8 % - 0.4 2.2 -5 346 0.5 2.5 -5.6 253
Lignin 1 1.2 % - 0.2 0.6 -1.8 338 0.3 0.6 -2.1 248
Water insoluble cell walls 9.9 11.4 % - 0.9 7.6 -14.2 278 1 9.3 -15 245
Starch 60 69.1 % - 1.7 53 -65.3 11813 1.6 54.7 -75.3 10344
Starch, enzymatic method 57.2 65.8 % - 2.4 53.2 -62.3 49 2.6 60.5 -73.3 61
Total sugars 2.6 3 % - 0.6 1.1 -4.7 275 0.7 1.2 -5.5 185
Gross energy (kcal) 3780 4350 kcal/kg - 80 3610 -4210 123 70 3970 -4660 406
Gross energy (MJ) 15.8 18.2 MJ/kg - 0.3 15.1 -17.6 123 0.3 16.6 -19.5 406
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 0.6 0.7 g/kg - 0.2 0.2 -1.5 175 0.2 0.2 -1.7 125
Phosphorus 3.1 3.6 g/kg - 0.3 2.1 -4.2 485 0.4 2.4 -4.8 358
Phytate phosphorus 2 2.3 g/kg 65 % P 0.4 1.7 -3.4 38 0.5 0.9 -3.9 113 11 32-98 114
Magnesium 1 1.1 g/kg - 0.2 0.6 -1.8 48 0.2 0.7 -1.9 75
Potassium 3.9 4.5 g/kg - 0.5 2.8 -5.1 127 0.5 3.2 -5.6 92
Sodium 0.05 0.06 g/kg - 0.07 0 -0.38 272 0.08 0 -0.44 232
Chlorine 0.8 0.9 g/kg - 0.2 0.3 -1.4 205 0.2 0.3 -1.6 104
Sulfur 1.4 1.6 g/kg - 0.1 1.2 -1.7 10 0.1 1.4 -1.9 11
Dietary cation-anion difference -8 -9 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 80 92 mEq/kg -
Manganese 31 35 mg/kg - 12 12 -55 50 13 14 -69 70
Zinc 26 30 mg/kg - 8 17 -46 32 10 9 -52 50
Copper 4 5 mg/kg - 1 2 -8 31 1 3 -9 41
Iron 49 56 mg/kg - 97 18 -139 46 112 20 -607 27
Selenium 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - 1 0.7 0.01 -3 17
Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - 0.1 0.01 -0.2 5
Molybdenum 0.5 0.5 mg/kg - 0.4 -1 3
Iodine 0.06 0.07 mg/kg - 1 1
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.08 % FA
C14:0 myristic acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4
C16:0 palmitic acid 1.8 2.1 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.4 1.6 -3.3 11 0.5 1.8 -3.7 10 0.9 15.5-18.3 9
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.4 % FA 1 1
C18:0 stearic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.03 0.08 -0.2 9 0.03 0.09 -0.2 9 0.07 0.7-0.9 8
C18:1 oleic acid 1.6 1.8 g/kg 15.2 % FA 0.5 1.3 -3.1 11 0.6 1.5 -3.4 10 2.7 11.3-20.4 11
C18:2 linoleic acid 5.8 6.7 g/kg 56.4 % FA 1.2 5.3 -9.7 11 1.3 6 -10.8 10
C18:3 linolenic acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 5.9 % FA 0.2 0.5 -1 11 0.2 0.5 -1.2 10 1 5.4-8.5 9
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:1 erucic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.5 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 1 1.2 % 75 % fat 2 71-76 7
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin E 15.2 17.5 mg/kg - 1 1
Vitamin K 0.02 0.02 mg/kg -
Vitamin B1 thiamin 4.4 5.1 mg/kg - 1 1
Vitamin B2 riboflavin 1.2 1.3 mg/kg - 1 0.9 -1.4 2
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 3.3 3.7 mg/kg - 1 1
Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg -
Niacin 53.8 61.9 mg/kg - 1
Pantothenic acid 10.6 12.2 mg/kg -
Folic acid 0.5 0.5 mg/kg -
Biotin 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - 0.01 0.09 -0.1 6 0.02 0.08 -0.1 7
Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg - 1 1
Choline 921 1060 mg/kg -
Other parameters
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Viscosity, real applied - 2.4 mL/g 0.6 1.3-3.8 46
Phytase activity 690 790 IU/kg - 220 270 -1660 177 260 310 -1920 173
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 1.04 1.2 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 1.06 1.22 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 24 28 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 77 89 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -12 -13 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.133 0.153 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2720 3130 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1830 2110 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1860 2140 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.3 13 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.6 8.8 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.7 8.9 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 87.2 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 84.7 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 76 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 90 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 77 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.4 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.06 1.22 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.08 1.24 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 21 24 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 75 87 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -11 -12 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.01 1.16 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.01 1.17 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 30 34 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 81 93 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -15 -18 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 1.03 1.18 per kg - 0.04 0.04 1.09 -1.22 16
UFV INRA 2007 1.03 1.19 per kg - 0.05 0.05 1.08 -1.24 16
PDIA INRA 2007 27 31 g/kg - 1 6 27 -45 9
PDIN INRA 2007 73 84 g/kg - 1
PDIE INRA 2007 90 104 g/kg - 1
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2720 3130 kcal/kg - 190 210 2800 -3560 32
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.4 13.1 MJ/kg - 185
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.6 % 3.7 79.6-95.7 33
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 86.1 % 4.3 75.9-94.1 33
N digestibility ruminants - 70.7 % 1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 92 % 1
NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 % 8 58-86 13
Immediately degradable N (a) - 27 % 10-33 4
Potentially degradable N (b) - 67 % 57-90 4
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.16 h-1 0.05-0.187 4
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 94 % 1
Immediately degradable starch (a) - 58 % 1
Potentially degradable starch (b) - 42 % 1
Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.39 h-1 1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % 14 49-84 6
Immediately degradable DM (a) - 52 % 21 11-66 5
Potentially degradable DM (b) - 42 % 22 29-84 5
Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.12 h-1 0.034 0.04-0.125 6
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 61.5 %
Absorbable P ruminants 2.3 2.6 g/kg 73 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.3 0.4 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.6 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 1024 1178 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 1128 1298 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 85 98 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 -22 -26 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 5.2 6 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1.9 2.2 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 73.4 84.5 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.24 3.73 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.67 1.92 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.58 1.81 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.8 2.08 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.23 1.41 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 22 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 27 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.2 8.3 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 144 166 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE -6 -6 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 3290 3780 kcal/kg - 100 3050 -3520 33 100 3550 -4090 52
ME growing pig (kcal) 3190 3670 kcal/kg - 3160 -3250 4 3620 -3720 4
NE growing pig (kcal) 2490 2870 kcal/kg - 1 1
DE adult pig (kcal) 3350 3860 kcal/kg - 1 3790 -4060 4
ME adult pig (kcal) 3230 3720 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 2520 2900 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 13.8 15.8 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 13.3 15.4 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 10.4 12 MJ/kg - 1 1
DE adult pig (MJ) 14 16.1 MJ/kg - 1
ME adult pig (MJ) 13.5 15.6 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 10.6 12.1 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 86.9 % 1.9 80.6-92.4 43
Energy digestibility adult pig - 88.6 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 89.4 % 0.7 89-91.4 17
OM digestibility adult pig - 90.9 %
N digestibility growing pig - 83.2 % 3.2 77.7-92 34
N digestibility adult pig - 86.7 %
N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 88 % 2.5 83-92 22
Crude fat digestibility pig - 19 % 16-47.6 3
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.9 1.1 g/kg 30 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.4 1.6 g/kg 45 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2980 3430 kcal/kg - 230 2550 -3180 13 260 2950 -3760 18
AMEn broiler (kcal) 2860 3300 kcal/kg - 120 2770 -3170 17 120 2980 -3520 75
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 12.5 14.3 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 12 13.8 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 1.8 2.1 g/kg 58 % P
Available P broiler 1.8 2.1 g/kg 58 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 89 %
Energy digestibility horse - 85.4 %
Horse Forage Unit 1.07 1.23 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 77 89 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 3140 3620 kcal/kg - 3080 -3520 4 3560 -4130 4
ME rabbit (kcal) 3040 3490 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 13.2 15.1 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 12.7 14.6 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 83.1 % 79.2-92.8 4
N digestibility rabbit - 73.5 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 3030 3480 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 12.7 14.6 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 80 %
N digestibility salmonids - 90 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 3.2 3.6 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 0.3 2.5 -4.7 192 0.4 2.9 -5 106 0.2 2.3-3.6 217
Threonine 3.3 3.8 g/kg 3 g/16g N 0.5 2.4 -4.9 185 0.5 3.1 -5.4 66 0.2 2.5-3.4 176
Methionine 1.8 2 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 0.3 1 -2.4 182 0.3 1.1 -2.6 62 0.1 1-1.9 172
Cystine 2.7 3.1 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 0.3 1.8 -3.4 154 0.3 2.3 -3.6 35
Methionine + cystine 4.5 5.1 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.8 3.1 -7.4 156 0.9 3.9 -8.3 37 0.2 3.2-5.2 147
Tryptophan 1.3 1.5 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 0.2 1 -1.8 137 0.2 1.1 -1.9 29 0.1 1-1.5 138
Isoleucine 3.9 4.5 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.7 2.8 -6.3 182 0.8 3.5 -7 63 0.2 2.8-4.2 173
Valine 4.9 5.6 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 0.7 3.6 -7.2 182 0.8 4.3 -7.7 63 0.2 3.6-5 173
Leucine 7.4 8.5 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N 1.1 5.6 -11.3 184 1.2 7 -12.1 65 0.3 5.6-7.7 175
Phenylalanine 5.2 5.9 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 0.9 3.3 -8.4 183 1.1 3.8 -9.3 64 0.2 3.6-5.2 174
Tyrosine 3.4 3.9 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 0.7 1.9 -5 134 0.8 2.1 -5.4 31 0.2 1.8-3.1 134
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 8.6 9.9 g/kg 7.8 g/16g N 1.7 5.8 -13.1 135 2 7 -14.2 32 0.3 5.6-8.1 135
Histidine 2.5 2.9 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 0.4 1.8 -4.2 185 0.5 2.3 -4.5 66 0.2 1.8-2.8 176
Arginine 5.5 6.3 g/kg 5 g/16g N 0.8 4.1 -8.2 185 0.9 4.6 -9.1 66 0.3 3.8-5.8 176
Alanine 4 4.6 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.5 3.2 -5.6 182 0.5 3.9 -6 63 0.2 2.9-4.1 173
Aspartic acid 5.7 6.5 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 0.7 4.5 -8 183 0.8 5.4 -8.8 64 0.3 4.4-6 174
Glutamic acid 31.5 36.3 g/kg 28.8 g/16g N 6.4 21.7 -55.9 178 7.3 28.7 -60.6 60 1.9 22.5-34.3 169
Glycine 4.5 5.2 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.6 3.5 -6.6 182 0.7 4.3 -7.1 63 0.2 3.3-4.8 173
Serine 5.4 6.3 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1.1 3.7 -9.4 183 1.2 4.3 -10.1 64 0.4 3.1-6 174
Proline 10.9 12.6 g/kg 10 g/16g N 1.6 6.9 -15.4 156 1.8 9.1 -16.4 38 0.6 7.8-10.6 147
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.9 g/kg 81 % 2.4 -2.9 3 2.8 -3.3 3 4 71-89 21
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.2 g/kg 83 % 2.4 -3.1 3 2.8 -3.5 3 5 69-91 23
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.8 g/kg 89 % 1.5 -2 3 1.7 -2.3 3 2 83-92 17
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.8 g/kg 91 % 2 -2.9 3 2.2 -3.3 3 2 85-93 17
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.6 g/kg 90 % 3.5 -4.9 3 3.9 -5.6 3 2 86-92 16
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.3 g/kg 88 % 3 83-92 12
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 89 % 3 81-91 22
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 4.8 g/kg 86 % 4.1 -5.3 3 4.7 -6 3 4 75-92 21
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 6.7 7.7 g/kg 90 % 7.6 -9.3 3 2 82-92 21
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.4 g/kg 91 % 4.3 -5.7 3 4.9 -6.5 3 2 88-93 17
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 90 % 2.7 -3.4 3 3.1 -3.9 3 2 86-93 17
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 9 g/kg 91 % 7.1 -9.1 3 8.1 -10.4 3 2 87-93 16
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.6 g/kg 90 % 2.1 -2.8 3 2.4 -3.1 3 2 85-92 16
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.6 g/kg 88 % 4.1 -5.8 3 4.7 -6.6 3 3 81-94 21
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 3.6 g/kg 80 % 2.9 -3.8 3 3.3 -4.3 3 4 75-90 22
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.4 g/kg 83 % 4.2 -5.4 3 4.9 -6.2 3 4 72-87 20
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 30.1 34.6 g/kg 95 % 28 -39.1 3 32.2 -44.5 3 1 91-97 22
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.4 g/kg 86 % 3.2 -4.5 3 3.7 -5.1 3 4 76-90 16
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.6 g/kg 89 % 4.2 -5.5 3 4.9 -6.3 3 3 80-93 22
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 10.4 12 g/kg 95 % 9.2 -12 3 10.6 -13.7 3 1 94-96 5
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.6 3 g/kg 82 % 3 77-84 6
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3.1 g/kg 82 % 5 74-85 6
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 89 % 6 78-92 6
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.6 g/kg 85 % 4 80-92 6
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.4 g/kg 87 % 4 81-92 5
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.3 g/kg 87 % 1
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 4 g/kg 89 % 5 77-91 6
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.9 g/kg 87 % 2 82-88 6
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.6 g/kg 89 % 2 87-91 6
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.3 g/kg 90 % 5 86-99 6
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.9 3.3 g/kg 85 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.6 8.7 g/kg 88 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.1 2.4 g/kg 83 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.3 g/kg 83 % 2 79-85 6
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.8 g/kg 82 % 4 74-84 5
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.4 g/kg 82 % 9 62-84 5
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 30 34.5 g/kg 95 % 1 93-97 5
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.3 g/kg 84 % 2 79-84 5
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.8 5.5 g/kg 88 % 4 80-89 6
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 10.3 11.8 g/kg 94 % 93-96 4
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.41 2.78 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 3.51 4.04 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 400 461 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0103 0.0119 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 45.17 51.99 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0002 m²yr/kg -
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.61 3 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 3.51 4.04 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 410 472 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0104 0.0119 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 45.43 52.28 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0002 m²yr/kg -
Origin Great Britain, conventional farming, ex field
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.47 2.84 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 1.47 1.7 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 465 535 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0135 0.0155 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 59.39 68.35 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0002 m²yr/kg -
Origin Great Britain, conventional farming, ex port of delivery (Le Havre, France)
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 3.36 3.87 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 1.47 1.7 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 525 604 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0139 0.016 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 60.56 69.7 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0002 m²yr/kg -
Origin Great Britain, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.88 3.32 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 1.47 1.7 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 495 570 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0137 0.0158 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 59.84 68.86 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0002 m²yr/kg -
Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.1 2.42 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 5.47 6.29 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 377 434 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.009 0.0103 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 38.84 44.7 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0001 m²yr/kg -
Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.28 2.63 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 8.59 9.88 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 366 421 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0088 0.0102 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 37.62 43.29 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0001 m²yr/kg -
Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.14 2.46 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 8.38 9.64 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 340 392 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0079 0.0091 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 33.51 38.56 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0001 m²yr/kg -
Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.34 2.69 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 8.57 9.87 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 368 424 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0089 0.0102 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 37.66 43.35 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0001 0.0001 m²yr/kg -
CSVXLSXXML