Lupin, white

Seed of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). White lupin is a white-flowered grain legume cultivated for its seeds for animal feed and human consumption.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 88.1 100 % - 3.5 77.1 -94.6 380 5.6
Crude protein 33.5 38 % - 3.4 24.8 -46.1 321 3.6 23.8 -51.1 326
Crude fibre 11.6 13.2 % - 1.7 7.1 -18.2 259 1.9 8.2 -20 246
Crude fat 8.5 9.6 % - 1.6 3.7 -11.9 173 1.7 4.2 -14.3 143
Ash 3.5 4 % - 0.4 2.2 -6.2 247 0.5 2.4 -6.8 247
Insoluble ash 0.06 0.07 % - 0.05 0.01 -0.1 5 0.06 0.01 -0.1 5
NDF 18.9 21.5 % - 2.6 14.5 -27.4 82 2.8 16.4 -30.5 94
ADF 14.1 16 % - 2.1 8.8 -21.1 70 2.3 9.6 -23.3 82
Lignin 0.9 1 % - 1 0.3 -4.4 35 1.1 0.3 -4.9 44
Water insoluble cell walls 29.9 33.9 % - 2.3 27.2 -38.4 41 2.2 30.1 -39.8 40
Starch 6.2 7 % - 2.8 0 -14.6 127 3.1 0 -14 111
Starch, enzymatic method 0.6 0.7 % - 1.2 0 -4.3 11 1.4 0 -4.8 14
Total sugars 6 6.8 % - 1.1 3.6 -8.3 23 1.2 4.1 -10.4 25
Gross energy (kcal) 4460 5060 kcal/kg - 180 4270 -4700 23 60 4870 -5130 29
Gross energy (MJ) 18.7 21.2 MJ/kg - 0.8 17.9 -19.7 23 0.3 20.4 -21.5 29
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 2.7 3 g/kg - 1.2 0.9 -6 44 1.3 1 -6.8 35
Phosphorus 3.8 4.4 g/kg - 0.6 2.7 -5.1 51 0.7 3.1 -5.7 44
Phytate phosphorus 2.3 2.6 g/kg 60 % P 1 1 1
Magnesium 1.4 1.6 g/kg - 0.2 1.2 -1.8 16 0.2 1.3 -2 15
Potassium 9.8 11.1 g/kg - 1.6 7.7 -12.7 17 1.8 8.4 -14.9 16
Sodium 0.3 0.34 g/kg - 0.14 0.13 -0.55 13 0.16 0.16 -0.6 12
Chlorine 0.5 0.5 g/kg - 0.4 -0.5 3 0.5 -0.5 3
Sulfur 2.5 2.8 g/kg - 2.3 -2.5 2
Dietary cation-anion difference 97 110 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 251 285 mEq/kg -
Manganese 1124 1275 mg/kg - 1074 17 -3750 13 1218 19 -4135 12
Zinc 33 38 mg/kg - 6 23 -43 8 7 26 -48 7
Copper 6 6 mg/kg - 0.7 5 -12 7 0.8 5 -7 6
Iron 63 72 mg/kg - 29 32 -115 11 33 34 -126 10
Selenium 0.07 0.09 mg/kg - 0.07 -0.1 2 0.08 -0.1 2
Cobalt 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 1 1
Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg - 1 1
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.01 % FA 0.04 0-0.1 7
C14:0 myristic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.08 0-0.2 14
C16:0 palmitic acid 5.6 6.4 g/kg 7.4 % FA 0.6 5.3 -6.8 5 0.7 6 -7.5 5 1.2 5.5-9.3 19
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.2 0-1 32
C18:0 stearic acid 1.5 1.8 g/kg 2 % FA 0.6 0.5 -1.8 5 0.7 0.6 -2 5 0.6 0.6-3.6 37
C18:1 oleic acid 37.5 42.5 g/kg 49.1 % FA 4.5 40.8-58.8 37
C18:2 linoleic acid 11.2 12.7 g/kg 14.7 % FA 4.3 7.8-22.6 37
C18:3 linolenic acid 6.3 7.2 g/kg 8.3 % FA 1.2 6.2 -9.2 5 1.3 7 -10 5 1.8 5.3-11.4 37
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 1 1.1 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.3 0.6-2 32
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 3.7 4.2 g/kg 4.8 % FA 3.6 -4.5 4 4 -5 4 1.3 2.2-6.9 36
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 -0 4 0 -0 4 0-0 4
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 3.4 3.9 g/kg 4.5 % FA 1.4 1.7-7.2 32
C22:1 erucic acid 1.5 1.7 g/kg 1.9 % FA 0.9 -1.8 4 1 -2 4 0.9 0.6-4.8 36
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.6 0-1.6 14
Fatty acids 7.6 8.7 % 90 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Vitamin E 7.4 8.4 mg/kg -
Biotin 0.05 0.06 mg/kg -
Other parameters
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Phytase activity 140 160 IU/kg - 1 1
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 1.26 1.43 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 1.29 1.47 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 60 68 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 112 127 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 173 197 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.166 0.188 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3290 3730 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2220 2520 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2280 2580 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 13.7 15.6 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.3 10.5 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.5 10.8 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 88.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 89.5 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 80 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.4 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.3 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.4 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.29 1.46 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.32 1.5 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 49 56 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 103 117 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 183 207 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.22 1.38 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.23 1.4 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 76 87 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 127 144 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 157 178 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 1.17 1.33 per kg - 1 1
UFV INRA 2007 1.17 1.33 per kg - 1 1
PDIA INRA 2007 59 67 g/kg - 43 13 -161 12
PDIN INRA 2007 213 242 g/kg - 25 199 -291 12
PDIE INRA 2007 116 132 g/kg - 40 81 -219 12
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3130 3550 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 13.1 14.9 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 89.9 % 1
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 90.9 % 1
N digestibility ruminants - 79.9 % 1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 89 % 63.2-99.5 4
NDF digestibility ruminants - 88 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 82 % 13 61-95 17
Immediately degradable N (a) - 49 % 27 18-88 11
Potentially degradable N (b) - 50 % 28 10-82 11
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.119 h-1 0.057 0.059-0.221 11
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 75 % 9 63-83 5
Immediately degradable DM (a) - 33 % 14 14-51 5
Potentially degradable DM (b) - 64 % 15 45-83 5
Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.111 h-1 0.047 0.058-0.16 5
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 76.8 %
Absorbable P ruminants 2.8 3.2 g/kg 73 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.5 1.7 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.5 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.2 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 1170 1328 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 1279 1452 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 110 125 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 177 201 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 4.9 5.6 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1.5 1.7 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 79.5 90.2 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.79 4.3 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.08 2.36 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.97 2.23 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.17 2.46 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.53 1.73 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 16 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 20 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.3 9.4 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 202 229 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE 21 24 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 3590 4070 kcal/kg - 250 3380 -3900 5 240 3740 -4330 5
ME growing pig (kcal) 3350 3800 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 2210 2500 kcal/kg - 1 1
DE adult pig (kcal) 3810 4320 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 3510 3980 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 2340 2660 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 15 17.1 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 14 15.9 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 9.2 10.5 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 15.9 18.1 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 14.7 16.7 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 9.8 11.1 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 80.5 % 4 74.2-84.5 5
Energy digestibility adult pig - 85.4 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 82.1 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 87.2 %
N digestibility growing pig - 83.2 % 80-88.6 4
N digestibility adult pig - 87.1 %
N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 82 % 1
Crude fat digestibility pig - 70.3 % 69.5-78.5 2
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.9 2.2 g/kg 50 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.9 3.3 g/kg 75 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2390 2710 kcal/kg - 1
AMEn cockerel, pelleted (kcal) 2400 2720 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 2330 2650 kcal/kg - 1350 -2890 4 1510 -3250 4
AMEn broiler, pelleted (kcal) 2340 2660 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10 11.4 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.8 11.1 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0.9 1 g/kg 24 % P
Available P broiler 0.9 1 g/kg 24 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 83.2 %
Energy digestibility horse - 80 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.96 1.09 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 259 293 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 3170 3600 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 2790 3160 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 13.3 15.1 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 11.7 13.2 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 71.1 %
N digestibility rabbit - 96 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 3010 3410 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 12.6 14.3 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 67.5 %
N digestibility salmonids - 86.8 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 16.3 18.5 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 1.9 12.5 -18.5 38 2 13.3 -23 63 0.4 3.9-5.7 63
Threonine 12.4 14.1 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1.3 9.8 -14.1 27 1.4 10.3 -17 54 0.4 3-4.5 54
Methionine 2.6 3 g/kg 0.8 g/16g N 0.4 1.3 -3.4 32 0.5 1.5 -3.9 58 0.2 0.4-1.2 58
Cystine 5.5 6.3 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.7 3.1 -7.1 27 0.8 3.6 -8.7 52 0.3 1-2.3 52
Methionine + cystine 8.1 9.2 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 0.8 5.3 -9.1 24 0.9 6.2 -11.4 49 0.4 1.7-3.3 49
Tryptophan 2.3 2.6 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N 0.3 1.7 -3.2 14 0.4 1.9 -3.6 39 0.1 0.5-1 39
Isoleucine 15.5 17.6 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 2.6 10.3 -17.3 23 2.9 11.2 -22.5 50 0.5 3.1-5 50
Valine 14.4 16.4 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 2 9.7 -16.1 24 2.2 10.7 -20.4 50 0.4 3.2-5 50
Leucine 24.3 27.6 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 3.2 17.9 -27.4 24 3.4 18.5 -34.2 51 0.5 5.7-8.2 51
Phenylalanine 13 14.8 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.8 11 -14.3 22 2 9.9 -18.8 49 0.3 3.1-4.7 49
Tyrosine 15.6 17.7 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 2.9 9.3 -19 18 3.2 10.1 -23.3 45 0.5 2.9-5 45
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 28.6 32.5 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N 4.7 21.4 -33.2 18 5.1 19.9 -42 45 0.6 6.6-9.3 45
Histidine 7.3 8.3 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 1.1 6.1 -11.8 23 1.2 5.8 -13.2 50 0.3 1.9-3.5 50
Arginine 36 40.9 g/kg 10.8 g/16g N 8.1 26.1 -41.5 23 9 18.6 -59.4 50 1.3 7.7-12.5 50
Alanine 11.3 12.8 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 1.3 9.2 -13.9 19 1.4 9.9 -15.6 46 0.3 2.6-4.2 46
Aspartic acid 35.6 40.4 g/kg 10.6 g/16g N 5.5 26.7 -38.7 20 6.1 24.6 -52.3 47 0.6 8.4-11.5 47
Glutamic acid 69.4 78.7 g/kg 20.7 g/16g N 12.1 54.7 -83.5 20 13.4 44.7 -103 47 1.7 17.1-24.2 47
Glycine 13.3 15 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.6 9.9 -14.8 20 1.8 10.7 -18.7 47 0.3 3.2-4.6 47
Serine 17.9 20.3 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 2.9 12.8 -19.9 17 3.2 12.9 -25.4 44 0.5 4-6.1 44
Proline 14.1 16 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 2.4 9.8 -15.1 18 2.6 10.2 -20.4 45 0.4 3.1-4.5 45
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 13.4 15.2 g/kg 82 % 1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 11 g/kg 78 % 1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.3 g/kg 76 % 1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 76 % 1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7 g/kg 76 % 1
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2.1 g/kg 78 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 13.4 15.2 g/kg 87 % 1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 10.7 12.1 g/kg 74 % 1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 20.8 23.6 g/kg 86 % 1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 11.2 12.7 g/kg 86 % 1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 13.9 15.8 g/kg 89 % 1
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 25.1 28.5 g/kg 88 % 1
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7.1 g/kg 86 % 1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 33.3 37.8 g/kg 93 % 1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 8.3 9.4 g/kg 73 % 1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 30.5 34.6 g/kg 86 % 1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 62.3 70.7 g/kg 90 % 1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 11.1 g/kg 74 % 1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 14.9 16.9 g/kg 83 % 1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 11.9 13.5 g/kg 84 % 1
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.2 16.1 g/kg 87 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.1 11.4 g/kg 81 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 82 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 81 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.5 g/kg 81 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 82 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 13 14.8 g/kg 84 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.8 13.4 g/kg 82 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 20.7 23.4 g/kg 85 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.1 12.6 g/kg 85 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.9 14.7 g/kg 83 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 24 27.2 g/kg 84 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.7 g/kg 81 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 32.4 36.8 g/kg 90 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.4 10.7 g/kg 83 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 29.2 33.1 g/kg 82 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 61.7 70.1 g/kg 89 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.7 12.2 g/kg 81 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.7 16.6 g/kg 82 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 11.1 12.7 g/kg 79 %
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.61 2.96 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 4.55 5.16 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 275 312 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0037 0.0042 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 15.9 18.04 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0009 0.001 m²yr/kg -
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Environmental impact
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.79 3.17 MJ/kg -
Phosphorus consumption 4.55 5.16 g P/kg -
Climate change (ILCD) 284 322 g CO2eq/kg -
Acidification (ILCD) 0.0038 0.0043 mol H+eq/kg -
Eutrophication (CML baseline) 16.15 18.33 g PO4---eq/kg -
Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0009 0.001 m²yr/kg -
CSVXLSXXML