Dry matter
88.1
100
%
-
3.5
77.1 -94.6
380
5.6
Crude protein
33.5
38
%
-
3.4
24.8 -46.1
321
3.6
23.8 -51.1
326
Crude fibre
11.6
13.2
%
-
1.7
7.1 -18.2
259
1.9
8.2 -20
246
Crude fat
8.5
9.6
%
-
1.6
3.7 -11.9
173
1.7
4.2 -14.3
143
Ash
3.5
4
%
-
0.4
2.2 -6.2
247
0.5
2.4 -6.8
247
Insoluble ash
0.06
0.07
%
-
0.05
0.01 -0.1
5
0.06
0.01 -0.1
5
NDF
18.9
21.5
%
-
2.6
14.5 -27.4
82
2.8
16.4 -30.5
94
ADF
14.1
16
%
-
2.1
8.8 -21.1
70
2.3
9.6 -23.3
82
Lignin
0.9
1
%
-
1
0.3 -4.4
35
1.1
0.3 -4.9
44
Water insoluble cell walls
29.9
33.9
%
-
2.3
27.2 -38.4
41
2.2
30.1 -39.8
40
Starch
6.2
7
%
-
2.8
0 -14.6
127
3.1
0 -14
111
Total sugars
6
6.8
%
-
1.1
3.6 -8.3
23
1.2
4.1 -10.4
25
Gross energy (kcal)
4460
5060
kcal/kg
-
180
4270 -4700
23
60
4870 -5130
29
Calcium
2.7
3
g/kg
-
1.2
0.9 -6
44
1.3
1 -6.8
35
Phosphorus
3.8
4.4
g/kg
-
0.6
2.7 -5.1
51
0.7
3.1 -5.7
44
Phytate phosphorus
2.3
2.6
g/kg
60
% P
1
1
1
Magnesium
1.4
1.6
g/kg
-
0.2
1.2 -1.8
16
0.2
1.3 -2
15
Potassium
9.8
11.1
g/kg
-
1.6
7.7 -12.7
17
1.8
8.4 -14.9
16
Sodium
0.3
0.34
g/kg
-
0.14
0.13 -0.55
13
0.16
0.16 -0.6
12
Chlorine
0.5
0.5
g/kg
-
0.4 -0.5
3
0.5 -0.5
3
Sulfur
2.5
2.8
g/kg
-
2.3 -2.5
2
Dietary cation-anion difference
97
110
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
251
285
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
1124
1275
mg/kg
-
1074
17 -3750
13
1218
19 -4135
12
Zinc
33
38
mg/kg
-
6
23 -43
8
7
26 -48
7
Copper
6
6
mg/kg
-
0.7
5 -12
7
0.8
5 -7
6
Iron
63
72
mg/kg
-
29
32 -115
11
33
34 -126
10
Selenium
0.07
0.09
mg/kg
-
0.07 -0.1
2
0.08 -0.1
2
Cobalt
0.2
0.2
mg/kg
-
1
1
Molybdenum
1
1
mg/kg
-
1
1
Lysine
16.3
18.5
g/kg
4.9
g/16g N
1.9
12.5 -18.5
38
2
13.3 -23
63
0.4
3.9-5.7
63
Threonine
12.4
14.1
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
1.3
9.8 -14.1
27
1.4
10.3 -17
54
0.4
3-4.5
54
Methionine
2.6
3
g/kg
0.8
g/16g N
0.4
1.3 -3.4
32
0.5
1.5 -3.9
58
0.2
0.4-1.2
58
Cystine
5.5
6.3
g/kg
1.7
g/16g N
0.7
3.1 -7.1
27
0.8
3.6 -8.7
52
0.3
1-2.3
52
Methionine + cystine
8.1
9.2
g/kg
2.4
g/16g N
0.8
5.3 -9.1
24
0.9
6.2 -11.4
49
0.4
1.7-3.3
49
Tryptophan
2.3
2.6
g/kg
0.7
g/16g N
0.3
1.7 -3.2
14
0.4
1.9 -3.6
39
0.1
0.5-1
39
Isoleucine
15.5
17.6
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
2.6
10.3 -17.3
23
2.9
11.2 -22.5
50
0.5
3.1-5
50
Valine
14.4
16.4
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
2
9.7 -16.1
24
2.2
10.7 -20.4
50
0.4
3.2-5
50
Leucine
24.3
27.6
g/kg
7.3
g/16g N
3.2
17.9 -27.4
24
3.4
18.5 -34.2
51
0.5
5.7-8.2
51
Phenylalanine
13
14.8
g/kg
3.9
g/16g N
1.8
11 -14.3
22
2
9.9 -18.8
49
0.3
3.1-4.7
49
Tyrosine
15.6
17.7
g/kg
4.7
g/16g N
2.9
9.3 -19
18
3.2
10.1 -23.3
45
0.5
2.9-5
45
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
28.6
32.5
g/kg
8.6
g/16g N
4.7
21.4 -33.2
18
5.1
19.9 -42
45
0.6
6.6-9.3
45
Histidine
7.3
8.3
g/kg
2.2
g/16g N
1.1
6.1 -11.8
23
1.2
5.8 -13.2
50
0.3
1.9-3.5
50
Arginine
36
40.9
g/kg
10.8
g/16g N
8.1
26.1 -41.5
23
9
18.6 -59.4
50
1.3
7.7-12.5
50
Alanine
11.3
12.8
g/kg
3.4
g/16g N
1.3
9.2 -13.9
19
1.4
9.9 -15.6
46
0.3
2.6-4.2
46
Aspartic acid
35.6
40.4
g/kg
10.6
g/16g N
5.5
26.7 -38.7
20
6.1
24.6 -52.3
47
0.6
8.4-11.5
47
Glutamic acid
69.4
78.7
g/kg
20.7
g/16g N
12.1
54.7 -83.5
20
13.4
44.7 -103
47
1.7
17.1-24.2
47
Glycine
13.3
15
g/kg
4
g/16g N
1.6
9.9 -14.8
20
1.8
10.7 -18.7
47
0.3
3.2-4.6
47
Serine
17.9
20.3
g/kg
5.3
g/16g N
2.9
12.8 -19.9
17
3.2
12.9 -25.4
44
0.5
4-6.1
44
Proline
14.1
16
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
2.4
9.8 -15.1
18
2.6
10.2 -20.4
45
0.4
3.1-4.5
45
C14:0 myristic acid
0.08
0.09
g/kg
0.1
% FA
0.08
0-0.2
14
C16:0 palmitic acid
5.6
6.4
g/kg
7.4
% FA
0.6
5.3 -6.8
5
0.7
6 -7.5
5
1.2
5.5-9.3
19
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.4
0.4
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.2
0-1
32
C18:0 stearic acid
1.5
1.8
g/kg
2
% FA
0.6
0.5 -1.8
5
0.7
0.6 -2
5
0.6
0.6-3.6
37
C18:1 oleic acid
37.5
42.5
g/kg
49.1
% FA
4.5
40.8-58.8
37
C18:2 linoleic acid
11.2
12.7
g/kg
14.7
% FA
4.3
7.8-22.6
37
C18:3 linolenic acid
6.3
7.2
g/kg
8.3
% FA
1.2
6.2 -9.2
5
1.3
7 -10
5
1.8
5.3-11.4
37
C20:0 arachidic acid
1
1.1
g/kg
1.3
% FA
0.3
0.6-2
32
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
3.7
4.2
g/kg
4.8
% FA
3.6 -4.5
4
4 -5
4
1.3
2.2-6.9
36
C22:0 behenic acid
3.4
3.9
g/kg
4.5
% FA
1.4
1.7-7.2
32
C22:1 erucic acid
1.5
1.7
g/kg
1.9
% FA
0.9 -1.8
4
1 -2
4
0.9
0.6-4.8
36
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0.5
0.5
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.6
0-1.6
14
Fatty acids
7.6
8.7
%
90
% fat
Vitamin E
7.4
8.4
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.05
0.06
mg/kg
-
Phytase activity
140
160
IU/kg
-
1
1
DE growing pig (kcal)
3590
4070
kcal/kg
-
250
3380 -3900
5
240
3740 -4330
5
ME growing pig (kcal)
3350
3800
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2210
2500
kcal/kg
-
1
1
DE adult pig (kcal)
3810
4320
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3510
3980
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2340
2660
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
80.5
%
4
74.2-84.5
5
OM digestibility growing pig
-
82.1
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
83.2
%
80-88.6
4
N digestibility ileal standardised pig
-
82
%
1
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
70.3
%
69.5-78.5
2
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
85.4
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
87.2
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
87.1
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
1.9
2.2
g/kg
50
%
AMEn cockerel, pelleted (kcal)
2400
2720
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler, pelleted (kcal)
2340
2660
kcal/kg
-
Available P broiler
0.9
1
g/kg
24
% P
PDIA INRA 2007
59
67
g/kg
-
43
13 -161
12
PDIN INRA 2007
213
242
g/kg
-
25
199 -291
12
PDIE INRA 2007
116
132
g/kg
-
40
81 -219
12
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
3130
3550
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
90.9
%
1
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
89.9
%
1
N digestibility ruminants
-
79.9
%
1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
89
%
63.2-99.5
4
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
76.8
%
Absorbable P ruminants
2.8
3.2
g/kg
73
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
82
%
13
61-95
17
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
49
%
27
18-88
11
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
50
%
28
10-82
11
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.119
h-1
0.057
0.059-0.221
11
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
80
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
75
%
9
63-83
5
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
33
%
14
14-51
5
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
64
%
15
45-83
5
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.111
h-1
0.047
0.058-0.16
5
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.7
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.5
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.3
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.4
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.2
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.6
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.1
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
83.2
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
80
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.96
1.09
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
259
293
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3170
3600
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
2790
3160
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
71.1
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
96
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
13.4
15.2
g/kg
82
%
1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
9.7
11
g/kg
78
%
1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
2
2.3
g/kg
76
%
1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
4.2
4.7
g/kg
76
%
1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
6.2
7
g/kg
76
%
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
13.4
15.2
g/kg
87
%
1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
10.7
12.1
g/kg
74
%
1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
20.8
23.6
g/kg
86
%
1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
11.2
12.7
g/kg
86
%
1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
13.9
15.8
g/kg
89
%
1
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
25.1
28.5
g/kg
88
%
1
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
6.2
7.1
g/kg
86
%
1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
33.3
37.8
g/kg
93
%
1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
8.3
9.4
g/kg
73
%
1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
30.5
34.6
g/kg
86
%
1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
62.3
70.7
g/kg
90
%
1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
9.7
11.1
g/kg
74
%
1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
14.9
16.9
g/kg
83
%
1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
11.9
13.5
g/kg
84
%
1
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
14.2
16.1
g/kg
87
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
10.1
11.4
g/kg
81
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.2
2.4
g/kg
82
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.5
5.1
g/kg
81
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.6
7.5
g/kg
81
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.9
2.2
g/kg
82
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
13
14.8
g/kg
84
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
11.8
13.4
g/kg
82
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
20.7
23.4
g/kg
85
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
11.1
12.6
g/kg
85
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
12.9
14.7
g/kg
83
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
24
27.2
g/kg
84
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.9
6.7
g/kg
81
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
32.4
36.8
g/kg
90
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.4
10.7
g/kg
83
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
29.2
33.1
g/kg
82
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
61.7
70.1
g/kg
89
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
10.7
12.2
g/kg
81
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
14.7
16.6
g/kg
82
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
11.1
12.7
g/kg
79
%
Gross energy (MJ)
18.7
21.2
MJ/kg
-
0.8
17.9 -19.7
23
0.3
20.4 -21.5
29
Absorbable Ca ruminants
1.5
1.7
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
88
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.29
1.46
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.32
1.5
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
49
56
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
103
117
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
183
207
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.26
1.43
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.29
1.47
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
60
68
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
112
127
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
173
197
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2220
2520
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2280
2580
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
3290
3730
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
88.6
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
89.5
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
80
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
82
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.6
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.8
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
1.4
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.3
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.7
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.1
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.4
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
13.7
15.6
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
9.3
10.5
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
9.5
10.8
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
75
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1.22
1.38
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.23
1.4
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
76
87
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
127
144
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
157
178
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.166
0.188
per kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0.01
0.01
g/kg
0.01
% FA
0.04
0-0.1
7
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
0 -0
4
0 -0
4
0-0
4
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
2.9
3.3
g/kg
75
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2390
2710
kcal/kg
-
1
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2330
2650
kcal/kg
-
1350 -2890
4
1510 -3250
4
Available P cockerel
0.9
1
g/kg
24
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.17
1.33
per kg
-
1
1
UFV INRA 2007
1.17
1.33
per kg
-
1
1
DE salmonids (kcal)
3010
3410
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
67.5
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
86.8
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.8
2.1
g/kg
78
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
15
17.1
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
14
15.9
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
9.2
10.5
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
15.9
18.1
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
14.7
16.7
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
9.8
11.1
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
10
11.4
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
9.8
11.1
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
13.1
14.9
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
13.3
15.1
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
11.7
13.2
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
12.6
14.3
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
1170
1328
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1279
1452
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
110
125
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
177
201
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
4.9
5.6
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.5
1.7
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
79.5
90.2
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.79
4.3
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
2.08
2.36
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.97
2.23
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
2.17
2.46
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.53
1.73
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
16
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
20
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
8.3
9.4
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
202
229
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
21
24
g/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Phosphorus consumption
4.55
5.16
g P/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Phosphorus consumption
4.55
5.16
g P/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
2.61
2.96
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
2.79
3.17
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Climate change (ILCD)
275
312
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Climate change (ILCD)
284
322
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0037
0.0042
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0038
0.0043
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
15.9
18.04
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
16.15
18.33
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0009
0.001
m²yr/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0009
0.001
m²yr/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
0.6
0.7
%
-
1.2
0 -4.3
11
1.4
0 -4.8
14
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-