Byproduct of oil manufacture obtained by extraction of linseeds (Linum usitatissimum L.). This product has a low content in residual oil and results from mechanical pressure followed by solvent extraction. Other names: flaxseed meal, flaxseed oil meal.
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry matter | 87.9 | 100 | % | - | 1.6 | 84.9 -94.4 | 145 | 2.5 | ||||||
Crude protein | 32 | 36.4 | % | - | 1.8 | 26.9 -37.1 | 162 | 2 | 30.8 -41.5 | 143 | ||||
Crude fibre | 10 | 11.3 | % | - | 1.3 | 6.9 -12.5 | 149 | 1.5 | 7.3 -14.3 | 132 | ||||
Crude fat | 3.4 | 3.9 | % | - | 1.1 | 1.1 -5 | 72 | 1.3 | 1.2 -5.7 | 71 | ||||
Ash | 5.7 | 6.5 | % | - | 0.4 | 4.5 -7.7 | 114 | 0.5 | 5 -8.5 | 113 | ||||
Insoluble ash | 0.8 | 0.9 | % | - | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
NDF | 21.8 | 24.8 | % | - | ||||||||||
ADF | 13.7 | 15.6 | % | - | 9.5 -16.3 | 2 | 10.1 -18.3 | 2 | ||||||
Lignin | 5.9 | 6.7 | % | - | 1 | 3 -6.5 | 29 | 1.1 | 3.4 -7.5 | 29 | ||||
Water insoluble cell walls | 21 | 23.9 | % | - | ||||||||||
Starch | 8.2 | 9.4 | % | - | 2 | 4.2 -10.7 | 27 | 2.3 | 4.8 -12.2 | 27 | ||||
Starch, enzymatic method | 1.2 | 1.4 | % | - | ||||||||||
Total sugars | 4.5 | 5.1 | % | - | 0.5 | 3.2 -5.8 | 28 | 0.6 | 3.7 -6.8 | 28 | ||||
Gross energy (kcal) | 4090 | 4650 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
Gross energy (MJ) | 17.1 | 19.5 | MJ/kg | - |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Calcium | 3.9 | 4.5 | g/kg | - | 0.7 | 2.3 -6 | 40 | 0.8 | 2.6 -6.4 | 40 | ||||
Phosphorus | 8.8 | 10 | g/kg | - | 1.5 | 6.1 -15.3 | 41 | 1.7 | 7 -17.2 | 41 | ||||
Phytate phosphorus | 5.7 | 6.5 | g/kg | 65 | % P | |||||||||
Magnesium | 4.6 | 5.2 | g/kg | - | ||||||||||
Potassium | 9.9 | 11.3 | g/kg | - | ||||||||||
Sodium | 0.93 | 1.06 | g/kg | - | 0.6 -1.25 | 2 | 0.68 -1.44 | 2 | ||||||
Chlorine | 0.3 | 0.4 | g/kg | - | ||||||||||
Sulfur | 3.4 | 3.9 | g/kg | - | ||||||||||
Dietary cation-anion difference | 74 | 84 | mEq/kg | - | ||||||||||
Electrolyte balance | 286 | 325 | mEq/kg | - | ||||||||||
Manganese | 34 | 39 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Zinc | 58 | 66 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Copper | 16 | 18 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Iron | 144 | 164 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Selenium | 0.6 | 0.7 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Cobalt | 0.3 | 0.3 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Molybdenum | 1 | 1 | mg/kg | - | ||||||||||
Iodine | 0.3 | 0.3 | mg/kg | - |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | |||||||||
C12:0 lauric acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | 0 | 0-0 | 6 | ||||||
C14:0 myristic acid | 0.01 | 0.01 | g/kg | 0.03 | % FA | 0.05 | 0-0.1 | 8 | ||||||
C16:0 palmitic acid | 1.7 | 2 | g/kg | 5.6 | % FA | 0.8 | 4.2-7.7 | 17 | ||||||
C16:1 palmitoleic acid | 0.02 | 0.03 | g/kg | 0.08 | % FA | 0.06 | 0-0.2 | 10 | ||||||
C18:0 stearic acid | 1.4 | 1.5 | g/kg | 4.4 | % FA | 1.2 | 2.6-6.4 | 17 | ||||||
C18:1 oleic acid | 6.2 | 7 | g/kg | 20.2 | % FA | 2.4 | 15.8-24.8 | 17 | ||||||
C18:2 linoleic acid | 4.5 | 5.1 | g/kg | 14.7 | % FA | 2 | 10.2-17.8 | 17 | ||||||
C18:3 linolenic acid | 16.4 | 18.7 | g/kg | 53.8 | % FA | 3.5 | 47.8-59.9 | 17 | ||||||
C18:4 stearidonic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | 1 | ||||||||
C20:0 arachidic acid | 0.05 | 0.06 | g/kg | 0.2 | % FA | 0.1 | 0-0.3 | 13 | ||||||
C20:1 eicosenoic acid | 0.03 | 0.03 | g/kg | 0.09 | % FA | 0.09 | 0-0.2 | 10 | ||||||
C20:4 arachidonic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | 0-0 | 4 | |||||||
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | 0-0 | 2 | |||||||
C22:0 behenic acid | 0.04 | 0.04 | g/kg | 0.1 | % FA | 0.09 | 0-0.2 | 11 | ||||||
C22:1 erucic acid | 0.02 | 0.02 | g/kg | 0.05 | % FA | 0.1 | 0-0.3 | 6 | ||||||
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | 0-0 | 3 | |||||||
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid | 0 | 0 | g/kg | 0 | % FA | 0-0 | 3 | |||||||
C24:0 lignoceric acid | 0.02 | 0.02 | g/kg | 0.06 | % FA | 0.05 | 0-0.1 | 9 | ||||||
Fatty acids | 3.1 | 3.5 | % | 90 | % fat | 2 | 87-91 | 5 |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin D | 0 | 0 | 1000 IU/kg | - | ||||||||||
Vitamin E | 13.2 | 15 | mg/kg | - |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DE growing pig (kcal) | 3140 | 3570 | kcal/kg | - | 2480 -3370 | 2 | ||||||||
ME growing pig (kcal) | 2900 | 3290 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
NE growing pig (kcal) | 1850 | 2110 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE adult pig (kcal) | 3260 | 3710 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
ME adult pig (kcal) | 2970 | 3380 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
NE adult pig (kcal) | 1930 | 2200 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE growing pig (MJ) | 13.1 | 14.9 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
ME growing pig (MJ) | 12.1 | 13.8 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
NE growing pig (MJ) | 7.8 | 8.8 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE adult pig (MJ) | 13.7 | 15.5 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
ME adult pig (MJ) | 12.4 | 14.2 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
NE adult pig (MJ) | 8.1 | 9.2 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
Energy digestibility growing pig | - | 76.8 | % | |||||||||||
Energy digestibility adult pig | - | 79.9 | % | |||||||||||
OM digestibility growing pig | - | 78.7 | % | |||||||||||
OM digestibility adult pig | - | 81.7 | % | |||||||||||
N digestibility growing pig | - | 88.1 | % | |||||||||||
N digestibility adult pig | - | 90.4 | % | |||||||||||
Crude fat digestibility pig | - | 51.2 | % | |||||||||||
Digestible P pig (no phytase) | 1.1 | 1.2 | g/kg | 12 | % | |||||||||
Digestible P pig (with phytase) | 1.6 | 1.8 | g/kg | 18 | % |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AMEn cockerel (kcal) | 2100 | 2390 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
AMEn broiler (kcal) | 2070 | 2350 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
AMEn cockerel (MJ) | 8.8 | 10 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
AMEn broiler (MJ) | 8.7 | 9.8 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
Available P cockerel | 2.2 | 2.5 | g/kg | 25 | % P | |||||||||
Available P broiler | 2.2 | 2.5 | g/kg | 25 | % P |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OM digestibility horse | - | 76.3 | % | |||||||||||
Energy digestibility horse | - | 73.5 | % | |||||||||||
Horse Forage Unit | 0.78 | 0.89 | per kg | - | ||||||||||
Digestible crude protein horse | 248 | 282 | g/kg | - |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DE rabbit (kcal) | 2890 | 3290 | kcal/kg | - | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
ME rabbit (kcal) | 2600 | 2950 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE rabbit (MJ) | 12.1 | 13.8 | MJ/kg | - | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
ME rabbit (MJ) | 10.9 | 12.4 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
Energy digestibility rabbit | - | 70.8 | % | 1 | ||||||||||
N digestibility rabbit | - | 76.6 | % | 72-86.4 | 2 |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DE salmonids (kcal) | 2670 | 3040 | kcal/kg | - | ||||||||||
DE salmonids (MJ) | 11.2 | 12.7 | MJ/kg | - | ||||||||||
Energy digestibility, salmonids | - | 65.4 | % | |||||||||||
N digestibility salmonids | - | 86.7 | % |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lysine | 12.6 | 14.3 | g/kg | 3.9 | g/16g N | 11 -14.2 | 4 | 12.3 -15 | 4 | |||||
Threonine | 12.2 | 13.9 | g/kg | 3.8 | g/16g N | 11 -14.3 | 4 | 12.3 -15.2 | 4 | 0.2 | 3.6-4 | 5 | ||
Methionine | 6 | 6.8 | g/kg | 1.9 | g/16g N | 5.7 -7 | 2 | 6.4 -7.4 | 2 | 1.7-1.9 | 3 | |||
Cystine | 5.9 | 6.7 | g/kg | 1.9 | g/16g N | 5.2 -6.6 | 3 | 5.8 -7.3 | 3 | 1.6-2 | 4 | |||
Methionine + cystine | 11.9 | 13.6 | g/kg | 3.7 | g/16g N | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Tryptophan | 4.8 | 5.5 | g/kg | 1.5 | g/16g N | 4.2 -5.4 | 2 | 4.7 -5.7 | 2 | 1.3-2 | 3 | |||
Isoleucine | 13.7 | 15.5 | g/kg | 4.3 | g/16g N | 11.2 -14 | 4 | 0.4 | 3.4-4.5 | 5 | ||||
Valine | 16.3 | 18.5 | g/kg | 5.1 | g/16g N | 13.9 -16.9 | 4 | 0.6 | 4.3-5.8 | 5 | ||||
Leucine | 19.1 | 21.7 | g/kg | 6 | g/16g N | 18 -22.8 | 4 | 20.2 -24.2 | 4 | 0.2 | 5.7-6.3 | 5 | ||
Phenylalanine | 15.5 | 17.6 | g/kg | 4.8 | g/16g N | 13.6 -17 | 3 | 15.3 -18.8 | 3 | 4.2-5.2 | 4 | |||
Tyrosine | 7.7 | 8.8 | g/kg | 2.4 | g/16g N | |||||||||
Phenylalanine + tyrosine | 23.3 | 26.4 | g/kg | 7.3 | g/16g N | 21 -24.7 | 2 | 23.5 -27.3 | 2 | 6.8-7.6 | 2 | |||
Histidine | 8.6 | 9.7 | g/kg | 2.7 | g/16g N | 7 -10.1 | 4 | 7.8 -11.2 | 4 | 0.4 | 2.2-3.1 | 5 | ||
Arginine | 29.9 | 34.1 | g/kg | 9.4 | g/16g N | 26.1 -32.7 | 2 | 29.3 -34.6 | 2 | |||||
Alanine | 15 | 17.1 | g/kg | 4.7 | g/16g N | 14.3 -17.6 | 2 | 16.1 -18.6 | 2 | 4.4-4.9 | 3 | |||
Aspartic acid | 30.8 | 35.1 | g/kg | 9.6 | g/16g N | 27.2 -33.9 | 2 | 30.5 -35.9 | 2 | |||||
Glutamic acid | 64.1 | 72.9 | g/kg | 20 | g/16g N | 53 -64.9 | 2 | 16.4-21 | 3 | |||||
Glycine | 19 | 21.6 | g/kg | 5.9 | g/16g N | 17.8 -21.4 | 2 | 20 -22.7 | 2 | 5.5-6 | 3 | |||
Serine | 15.1 | 17.2 | g/kg | 4.7 | g/16g N | 13.9 -17 | 2 | 15.6 -18 | 2 | |||||
Proline | 11.8 | 13.5 | g/kg | 3.7 | g/16g N | 3.6-4.1 | 3 |
Parameter | As fed | On DM | Unit | Other | Unit | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count | SD | Range | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig | 9.7 | 11.1 | g/kg | 78 | % | 9.3 -11.3 | 2 | 10.5 -11.9 | 2 | 75-80 | 2 | |||
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig | 8.9 | 10.1 | g/kg | 72 | % | 8.8 -10.3 | 2 | 9.9 -10.9 | 2 | 72-73 | 2 | |||
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig | 5.3 | 6 | g/kg | 88 | % | 4.9 -6.3 | 2 | 5.5 -6.7 | 2 | 85-90 | 2 | |||
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig | 4.4 | 5 | g/kg | 75 | % | 3.9 -4.6 | 2 | 74-76 | 2 | |||||
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig | 9.7 | 11 | g/kg | 81 | % | |||||||||
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig | 3.8 | 4.3 | g/kg | 80 | % | 3.1 -4.5 | 2 | 3.5 -4.8 | 2 | 75-84 | 2 | |||
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig | 10.8 | 12.3 | g/kg | 79 | % | 8.6 -11.4 | 2 | 76-82 | 2 | |||||
Valine, ileal standardised, pig | 12.6 | 14.3 | g/kg | 77 | % | 10.2 -13.6 | 2 | 11.5 -14.4 | 2 | 73-81 | 2 | |||
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig | 15.3 | 17.4 | g/kg | 80 | % | 14.5 -18.8 | 2 | 16.3 -19.9 | 2 | 78-82 | 2 | |||
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig | 13 | 14.8 | g/kg | 84 | % | 11.1 -14.6 | 2 | 12.4 -15.5 | 2 | 81-87 | 2 | |||
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig | 5.8 | 6.5 | g/kg | 74 | % | 70-79 | 2 | |||||||
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig | 18.8 | 21.4 | g/kg | 81 | % | |||||||||
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig | 6.7 | 7.7 | g/kg | 79 | % | 6.3 -7.8 | 2 | 7.1 -8.2 | 2 | 79-79 | 2 | |||
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig | 26.3 | 29.9 | g/kg | 88 | % | 22.1 -29.7 | 2 | 24.8 -31.5 | 2 | 85-91 | 2 | |||
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig | 11.1 | 12.6 | g/kg | 74 | % | 9.9 -13.9 | 2 | 11.2 -14.7 | 2 | 69-79 | 2 | |||
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig | 24.6 | 28 | g/kg | 80 | % | 21.2 -27.8 | 2 | 23.8 -29.4 | 2 | 78-82 | 2 | |||
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig | 53 | 60.2 | g/kg | 83 | % | 42.5 -55.3 | 2 | 80-85 | 2 | |||||
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig | 12.8 | 14.6 | g/kg | 68 | % | 11.4 -15.3 | 2 | 12.8 -16.3 | 2 | 64-72 | 2 | |||
Serine, ileal standardised, pig | 11.4 | 13 | g/kg | 76 | % | 10.3 -13.1 | 2 | 11.6 -13.9 | 2 | 74-77 | 2 | |||
Proline, ileal standardised, pig | 9.4 | 10.7 | g/kg | 79 | % |