Vinasse, from the production of glutamic acid

Humid byproduct of the production of glutamic acid obtained after fermentation of organic substances, particularly molasses. This product has been concentrated and demineralised.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 69.9 100 % - 3.8 59.3 -78.7 459 7.6
Crude protein 48.9 69.9 % - 4.3 41.8 -55.2 443 4.9 56.9 -84.8 414
Crude fibre 0 0 % -
Crude fat 0.6 0.9 % - 0.2 -1 2 0.3 -1.4 2
Ash 4.1 5.8 % - 0.5 3 -5.3 285 0.6 4.2 -7.8 282
Insoluble ash 0.7 1 % - 1
NDF 0 0 % -
ADF 0 0 % -
Lignin 0 0 % -
Water insoluble cell walls 0 0 % -
Starch 0 0 % -
Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % -
Total sugars 3.2 4.6 % - 1.2 1.7 -6.6 43 1.7 2.2 -8.9 43
Gross energy (kcal) 3390 4850 kcal/kg - 1 1
Gross energy (MJ) 14.2 20.3 MJ/kg - 1 1
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 0.7 0.9 g/kg - 0.4 0.1 -1.5 41 0.5 0.1 -2.1 41
Phosphorus 2.9 4.1 g/kg - 1.2 0.4 -5.1 41 1.7 0.6 -7 41
Phytate phosphorus 0.3 0.4 g/kg 10 % P
Magnesium 1.7 2.5 g/kg - 0.5 -3.9 3
Potassium 2.7 3.8 g/kg - 0.7 1.5 -3.6 22 1 2.1 -5.2 21
Sodium 9.98 14.28 g/kg - 2.8 5.21 -17.28 49 3.93 7.31 -24.98 48
Chlorine 9.5 13.5 g/kg - 1.5 6.1 -11.1 12 2.1 9.5 -16.5 12
Sulfur 10.8 15.4 g/kg -
Dietary cation-anion difference -436 -624 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 236 338 mEq/kg -
Manganese 22 32 mg/kg -
Zinc 97 138 mg/kg -
Copper 9 13 mg/kg -
Iron 179 256 mg/kg -
Selenium 0 0 mg/kg - 1 1
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.05 g/kg 0.7 % FA
C16:0 palmitic acid 2.2 3.1 g/kg 46.1 % FA
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.05 0.07 g/kg 1 % FA
C18:0 stearic acid 0.3 0.4 g/kg 6.5 % FA
C18:1 oleic acid 2.4 3.5 g/kg 50.8 % FA
C18:2 linoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C18:3 linolenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 0.5 0.7 % 80 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.68 0.97 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.63 0.9 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 11 15 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 50 72 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 385 550 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.027 0.038 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1880 2690 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1190 1700 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1110 1590 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.9 11.3 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5 7.1 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 4.7 6.7 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 73.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 75.7 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 93 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.5 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.1 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.3 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.6 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.3 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.69 0.99 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.65 0.94 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 7 9 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 47 67 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 396 566 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.64 0.92 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.59 0.84 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 17 25 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 56 80 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 366 523 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.64 0.92 per kg - 1 1
UFV INRA 2007 0.59 0.84 per kg - 1 1
PDIA INRA 2007 0 0 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 281 403 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 45 65 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1820 2610 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 7.6 10.9 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 75 % 1
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 74.8 % 1
N digestibility ruminants - 78.3 % 1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 100 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 100 %
Immediately degradable N (a) - 100 %
Potentially degradable N (b) - 0 %
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.05 h-1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 48.4 %
Absorbable P ruminants 2.1 3 g/kg 73 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.4 0.5 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.7 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 639 914 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 641 917 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 33 48 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 416 594 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 2.8 4 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 1 1.4 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 61.1 87.4 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.25 4.64 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.76 2.52 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.67 2.39 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.87 2.67 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.33 1.91 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 0 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 0 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 4.5 6.5 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 91 130 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE 64 91 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 2540 3640 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 2300 3290 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 1360 1940 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 2540 3640 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 2290 3280 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 1350 1930 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 10.6 15.2 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 9.6 13.8 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 5.7 8.1 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 10.6 15.2 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 9.6 13.7 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 5.7 8.1 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 75 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 75 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 75 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 75 %
N digestibility growing pig - 75 %
N digestibility adult pig - 75 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 75 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.9 2.7 g/kg 65 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.8 4 g/kg 98 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1990 2840 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 1990 2840 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 8.3 11.9 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.3 11.9 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0.7 1 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 0.7 1 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 72.9 %
Energy digestibility horse - 70.3 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.45 0.65 per kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 3440 4930 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 3060 4380 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 14.4 20.6 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 12.8 18.3 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 100 %
N digestibility rabbit - 65.5 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 2730 3910 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 11.4 16.4 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 80.6 %
N digestibility salmonids - 88 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 1 1.4 g/kg 0.2 g/16g N 0.5 -3.9 2 0.07-0.6 4
Threonine 0.3 0.5 g/kg 0.07 g/16g N 0 -1.2 2 0-0.2 4
Methionine 0.6 0.9 g/kg 0.1 g/16g N 1 0 -1.8 2 0-0.3 2
Cystine 0.7 1 g/kg 0.2 g/16g N 1 0 -2.1 2 0-0.3 2
Methionine + cystine 1.4 2 g/kg 0.3 g/16g N 1 0 -3.9 2 0-0.5 2
Tryptophan 2 2.8 g/kg 0.4 g/16g N
Isoleucine 1.6 2.2 g/kg 0.3 g/16g N 0.8 -5.7 2 0.1-0.8 4
Valine 3.2 4.5 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N 2.7 -10.7 2 0.3-1.5 4
Leucine 2.2 3.2 g/kg 0.5 g/16g N 1.4 -6.8 2 0.2-1 4
Phenylalanine 0.4 0.6 g/kg 0.08 g/16g N 0 -1.1 2 0-0.2 3
Tyrosine 1.7 2.4 g/kg 0.3 g/16g N 1.4 -4.6 2 0.2-0.7 4
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 2.1 2.9 g/kg 0.4 g/16g N 1 -2.3 2 1.4 -4.6 2 0.2-0.7 3
Histidine 0.4 0.6 g/kg 0.09 g/16g N 1 0 -1.2 2 0-0.2 2
Arginine 0.9 1.3 g/kg 0.2 g/16g N 1 0 -2.5 2 0-0.4 2
Alanine 21.3 30.5 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 27.2 -47.5 2 2.9-6.6 4
Aspartic acid 5.7 8.2 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 3.4 -8 3 0.7-1.6 4
Glutamic acid 110 157 g/kg 22.5 g/16g N 75 -127 3 102 -194 2 15.1-27.1 4
Glycine 2.1 3 g/kg 0.4 g/16g N 1.6 -7.1 2 0.2-1 4
Serine 0.8 1.1 g/kg 0.2 g/16g N 0.7 -2.9 2 0.07-0.4 4
Proline 8.5 12.2 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0 -13.1 3 0-2.7 4
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.9 1.3 g/kg 91 %
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 0.4 g/kg 88 %
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.8 g/kg 91 %
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.9 g/kg 90 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.8 g/kg 90 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 2.5 g/kg 89 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 2 g/kg 89 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 4 g/kg 89 %
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.9 g/kg 91 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.5 g/kg 91 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 2.2 g/kg 91 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.7 g/kg 91 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.6 g/kg 92 %
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 1.2 g/kg 93 %
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 18.9 27.1 g/kg 89 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 7.2 g/kg 88 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 102 145 g/kg 92 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.8 g/kg 92 %
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 1 g/kg 90 %
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 7.7 11 g/kg 91 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 1.2 g/kg 87 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 0.4 g/kg 83 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.8 g/kg 89 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.8 g/kg 78 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.6 g/kg 83 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 2.4 g/kg 86 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.9 g/kg 86 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3.9 g/kg 86 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.8 g/kg 88 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 0.5 g/kg 88 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 2.1 g/kg 88 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2.6 g/kg 88 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 86 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 1.1 g/kg 89 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 18.4 26.3 g/kg 86 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 6.7 g/kg 82 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 98.9 142 g/kg 90 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2.5 g/kg 84 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.9 g/kg 85 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 7.3 10.5 g/kg 86 %
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