Grape pulp, dried

Dried byproduct of winery or grape juice manufacture obtained from the pressure of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Grape pulp typically contains the pulp and skins, but not the seeds (pips) or the branches. It is sometimes synonym of grape marc or grape pomace, though the latter product often contains also the seeds and branches.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 90.1 100 % - 2.2 79.2 -96.7 50 3.4
Crude protein 12.1 13.4 % - 1.2 9.6 -16.3 34 1.3 11 -18.3 35
Crude fibre 18.7 20.7 % - 3.2 15.4 -28.4 42 3.5 16.9 -32 43
Crude fat 4.9 5.4 % - 1.2 3.6 -8.4 33 1.3 3.9 -10.6 35
Ash 7.5 8.3 % - 1.7 5.2 -12.8 28 1.9 5.8 -13.3 30
Insoluble ash 1.5 1.7 % - 1
NDF 46.3 51.4 % - 6.9 21.5 -61 36 7.5 22.2 -66.6 35
ADF 39.3 43.6 % - 7.8 19.7 -57.5 36 8.6 20.4 -62.8 35
Lignin 25.5 28.3 % - 7.7 8.6 -42.1 48 8.5 10.8 -46.8 47
Water insoluble cell walls 45.5 50.6 % -
Starch 1 1.1 % -
Starch, enzymatic method 0.8 0.9 % -
Total sugars 9.2 10.3 % - 4.4 2.9 -14.3 11 4.9 3.2 -16.1 11
Gross energy (kcal) 4000 4440 kcal/kg -
Gross energy (MJ) 16.7 18.6 MJ/kg -
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 10 11.1 g/kg - 5.5 5.4 -22 7 6.1 6 -24.2 9
Phosphorus 2.7 3 g/kg - 0.4 2.5 -3 7 0.4 2 -3.3 9
Phytate phosphorus 1.6 1.8 g/kg 60 % P
Magnesium 0.8 0.8 g/kg -
Potassium 20.7 23 g/kg - 20 -21 4 22 -23.4 4
Sodium 0.2 0.23 g/kg - 0.06 0.15 -0.32 6 0.07 0.17 -0.35 6
Chlorine 0.5 0.5 g/kg -
Sulfur 1.4 1.6 g/kg -
Dietary cation-anion difference 438 486 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 525 583 mEq/kg -
Manganese 12 13 mg/kg -
Zinc 23 25 mg/kg -
Copper 26 29 mg/kg - 13 14 -57 14 14 16 -62 14
Iron 325 361 mg/kg -
Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg -
Cobalt 0.4 0.4 mg/kg -
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0.01 % FA 1
C14:0 myristic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.06 % FA 0.03 0-0.08 9
C16:0 palmitic acid 2.6 2.9 g/kg 7.1 % FA 1 5.5-9.2 17
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.06 0.06 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2 0-0.6 12
C18:0 stearic acid 1.6 1.8 g/kg 4.3 % FA 0.8 3.4-5.9 17
C18:1 oleic acid 5.9 6.5 g/kg 16.1 % FA 3.6 10.8-24.9 17
C18:2 linoleic acid 25.9 28.8 g/kg 70.9 % FA 4.5 60.9-78.2 17
C18:3 linolenic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.1 0.2-0.6 17
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.07 0.07 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.02 0.2-0.2 15
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.07 0.07 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.08 0.1-0.4 10
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 3.7 4.1 % 75 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.38 0.42 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.27 0.3 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 14 16 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 50 55 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -43 -48 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.547 0.607 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1170 1290 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 660 730 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 470 520 kcal/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 39.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 37 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 21 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 27 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.2 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.5 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.4 0.44 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.29 0.32 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 14 16 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 51 56 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -44 -49 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.33 0.37 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.23 0.25 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 15 16 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 50 55 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -45 -50 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.4 0.44 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.29 0.32 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 16 18 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 25 27 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 34 38 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1250 1380 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 5.2 5.8 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 41 % 1
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 38.3 %
N digestibility ruminants - 51.8 % 1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 15 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 50 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 21 %
Immediately degradable N (a) - 16 % 1
Potentially degradable N (b) - 12 % 1
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.057 h-1 1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 26 %
Immediately degradable DM (a) - 10 % 1
Potentially degradable DM (b) - 35 % 1
Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.05 h-1 1
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 74.1 %
Absorbable P ruminants 1.9 2.1 g/kg 70 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 5.5 6.1 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.8 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.7 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.5 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 397 440 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 318 353 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 -6 -7 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 -13 -14 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 2 2.3 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 0.6 0.7 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 41 45.6 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 1.85 2.05 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.76 0.85 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.71 0.79 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.76 0.85 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.28 0.31 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 78 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 79 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 2.8 3.1 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 132 147 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE -2 -2 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 2130 2360 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 2000 2220 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 1270 1410 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 2380 2640 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 2190 2430 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 1410 1570 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 8.9 9.9 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 8.4 9.3 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 5.3 5.9 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 10 11.1 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 9.1 10.2 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 5.9 6.6 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 53.2 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 59.5 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 57.4 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 63.5 %
N digestibility growing pig - 50.4 %
N digestibility adult pig - 62.8 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 50 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.8 0.9 g/kg 30 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.2 1.4 g/kg 45 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1210 1340 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 1160 1290 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 5.1 5.6 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 4.9 5.4 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 65.2 %
Energy digestibility horse - 62.9 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.71 0.79 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 58 65 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 1710 1890 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 1670 1850 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 7.1 7.9 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 7 7.7 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 42.7 %
N digestibility rabbit - 22.6 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 2160 2400 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 9 10 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 53.9 %
N digestibility salmonids - 82 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 4.8 5.3 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N
Threonine 4.2 4.7 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 4.1 -4.6 2 4.5 -5 2 3.4-3.8 2
Methionine 1.3 1.4 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 1 -1.8 2 1.1 -2 2 0.8-1.5 2
Cystine 1.4 1.6 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 1.4 -1.5 2 1.5 -1.6 2 1.2-1.2 2
Methionine + cystine 2.7 3 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 2.4 -3.3 2 2.6 -3.6 2 2-2.7 2
Tryptophan 1.1 1.3 g/kg 1 g/16g N
Isoleucine 4.4 4.9 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
Valine 4.6 5.1 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N
Leucine 7.9 8.7 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N
Phenylalanine 4.1 4.6 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N
Tyrosine 2.5 2.7 g/kg 2 g/16g N
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 6.6 7.3 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N
Histidine 2.5 2.7 g/kg 2 g/16g N
Arginine 6.3 7 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N
Alanine 5.3 5.9 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N
Aspartic acid 6.1 6.8 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N
Glutamic acid 18.9 21 g/kg 15.7 g/16g N
Glycine 7.8 8.6 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N
Serine 4.4 4.9 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
Proline 4.3 4.8 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.2 g/kg 60 %
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 62 %
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 75 %
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 0.9 g/kg 57 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 65 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 63 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.4 g/kg 71 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 68 %
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.3 g/kg 73 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.4 g/kg 75 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 72 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.4 g/kg 74 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 70 %
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.7 g/kg 81 %
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.8 g/kg 65 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 69 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 14.7 16.3 g/kg 78 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.8 g/kg 55 %
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.2 g/kg 67 %
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.2 g/kg 67 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.6 g/kg 68 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3 g/kg 65 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 76 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 1 g/kg 64 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.1 g/kg 70 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 0.9 g/kg 69 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.5 g/kg 72 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.6 g/kg 70 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.2 g/kg 71 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 73 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 67 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.2 g/kg 71 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 69 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.1 g/kg 73 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.1 g/kg 70 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.6 g/kg 67 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 14 15.6 g/kg 74 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.6 g/kg 65 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 69 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.4 g/kg 71 %
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