Grape pulp, dried

Dried byproduct of winery or grape juice manufacture obtained from the pressure of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Grape pulp typically contains the pulp and skins, but not the seeds (pips) or the branches. It is sometimes synonym of grape marc or grape pomace, though the latter product often contains also the seeds and branches.

Values

Main constituents
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Dry matter 90 100 % - 2.1 87.4 -91.6 37 1.9
Dry matter 90.1 100 % - 2.2 79.2 -96.7 50 3.4
Crude protein 12.4 13.7 % - 1.2 10.6 -16.3 22 1.3 11.8 -18.3 22
Crude protein 12.1 13.4 % - 1.2 9.6 -16.3 34 1.3 11 -18.3 35
Crude fibre 18.3 20.3 % - 2.7 15.4 -28.4 32 3 17.2 -32 32
Crude fibre 18.7 20.7 % - 3.2 15.4 -28.4 42 3.5 16.9 -32 43
Crude fat 4.6 5.1 % - 0.9 3.6 -6.2 21 1 3.9 -8.3 22
Crude fat 4.9 5.4 % - 1.2 3.6 -8.4 33 1.3 3.9 -10.6 35
Ash 7.2 8 % - 1.4 5.6 -12 18 1.5 6.3 -13.2 19
Ash 7.5 8.3 % - 1.7 5.2 -12.8 28 1.9 5.8 -13.3 30
Insoluble ash 1.5 1.7 % - 1
NDF 46.3 51.4 % - 6.9 21.5 -61 36 7.5 22.2 -66.6 35
NDF 46.3 51.5 % - 4 40.5 -53.8 29 4.4 45 -59.2 29
ADF 39.3 43.6 % - 7.8 19.7 -57.5 36 8.6 20.4 -62.8 35
ADF 38.8 43.1 % - 5.6 31.5 -51.8 29 6.2 35 -56.9 29
Lignin 25.5 28.3 % - 7.7 8.6 -42.1 48 8.5 10.8 -46.8 47
Lignin 24.7 27.5 % - 6.6 17.2 -41.6 42 7.3 19.4 -45.7 42
Water insoluble cell walls 45.5 50.6 % -
Starch 1 1.1 % -
Starch 1.4 1.6 % -
Starch, enzymatic method 0.8 0.9 % -
Total sugars 9.5 10.5 % - 4.6 2.9 -14.3 10 5.1 3.2 -16.1 10
Total sugars 9.2 10.3 % - 4.4 2.9 -14.3 11 4.9 3.2 -16.1 11
Gross energy (kcal) 4000 4440 kcal/kg -
Gross energy (kcal) 4000 4440 kcal/kg -
Gross energy (MJ) 16.7 18.6 MJ/kg -
Gross energy (MJ) 16.7 18.6 MJ/kg -
Mineral elements
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Calcium 10.4 11.5 g/kg - 5.7 5.4 -22 7 6.4 6 -24.2 8
Calcium 10 11.1 g/kg - 5.5 5.4 -22 7 6.1 6 -24.2 9
Phosphorus 2.8 3.1 g/kg - 0.2 2.5 -3 7 0.3 2.7 -3.3 8
Phosphorus 2.7 3 g/kg - 0.4 2.5 -3 7 0.4 2 -3.3 9
Phytate phosphorus 1.6 1.8 g/kg 60 % P
Magnesium 0.8 0.8 g/kg -
Potassium 20.7 23 g/kg - 20 -21 4 22 -23.4 4
Potassium 20.7 23 g/kg - 20 -21 4 22 -23.4 4
Sodium 0.2 0.23 g/kg - 0.06 0.15 -0.32 6 0.07 0.17 -0.35 6
Sodium 0.2 0.23 g/kg - 0.06 0.15 -0.32 6 0.07 0.17 -0.35 6
Chlorine 0.5 0.5 g/kg -
Sulfur 1.4 1.6 g/kg -
Dietary cation-anion difference 438 486 mEq/kg -
Electrolyte balance 525 583 mEq/kg -
Manganese 12 13 mg/kg -
Zinc 23 25 mg/kg -
Copper 21 23 mg/kg - 5 14 -27 9 6 16 -30 9
Copper 26 29 mg/kg - 13 14 -57 14 14 16 -62 14
Iron 325 361 mg/kg -
Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg -
Cobalt 0.4 0.4 mg/kg -
Fatty acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0.01 % FA 1
C14:0 myristic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.06 % FA 0.03 0-0.08 9
C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.08 % FA
C16:0 palmitic acid 2.6 2.9 g/kg 7.1 % FA 1 5.5-9.2 17
C16:0 palmitic acid 2.6 2.8 g/kg 7.4 % FA
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.06 0.06 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2 0-0.6 12
C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.6 % FA
C18:0 stearic acid 1.6 1.8 g/kg 4.3 % FA 0.8 3.4-5.9 17
C18:0 stearic acid 1.3 1.5 g/kg 3.9 % FA
C18:1 oleic acid 5.9 6.5 g/kg 16.1 % FA 3.6 10.8-24.9 17
C18:1 oleic acid 5.4 6 g/kg 15.6 % FA
C18:2 linoleic acid 25 27.8 g/kg 72.2 % FA
C18:2 linoleic acid 25.9 28.8 g/kg 70.9 % FA 4.5 60.9-78.2 17
C18:3 linolenic acid 0.08 0.09 g/kg 0.2 % FA
C18:3 linolenic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.1 0.2-0.6 17
C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:0 arachidic acid 0.07 0.07 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.02 0.2-0.2 15
C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.07 0.07 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.08 0.1-0.4 10
C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1
C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA
Fatty acids 3.5 3.8 % 75 % fat
Fatty acids 3.7 4.1 % 75 % fat
Vitamins and pigments
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -
Ruminants
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
UFL INRA 2018 0.42 0.47 per kg -
UFL INRA 2018 0.38 0.42 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.32 0.35 per kg -
UFV INRA 2018 0.27 0.3 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 15 16 g/kg -
PDIA INRA 2018 14 16 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 50 55 g/kg -
PDI INRA 2018 52 57 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -43 -48 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -45 -50 g/kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.546 0.607 per kg -
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.547 0.607 per kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1290 1430 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1170 1290 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 740 820 kcal/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 660 730 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 560 620 kcal/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 470 520 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 5.4 6 MJ/kg -
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.1 3.4 MJ/kg -
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.3 2.6 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 43 %
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 39.6 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 40.5 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 37 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 21 %
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 21 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 27 %
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 %
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 27 %
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.2 % PDI
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.2 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.5 % PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.5 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.44 0.49 per kg -
UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.4 0.44 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.34 0.38 per kg -
UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.29 0.32 per kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 15 16 g/kg -
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 14 16 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 53 58 g/kg -
PDI FL1 INRA 2018 51 56 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -45 -50 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -44 -49 g/kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.38 0.42 per kg -
UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.33 0.37 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.27 0.3 per kg -
UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.23 0.25 per kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 15 17 g/kg -
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 15 16 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 52 57 g/kg -
PDI FL4 INRA 2018 50 55 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -46 -52 g/kg -
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -45 -50 g/kg -
UFL INRA 2007 0.4 0.44 per kg -
UFV INRA 2007 0.29 0.32 per kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 16 18 g/kg -
PDIA INRA 2007 16 18 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 25 27 g/kg -
PDIN INRA 2007 26 29 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 34 38 g/kg -
PDIE INRA 2007 37 41 g/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1250 1380 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 1360 1510 kcal/kg -
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 5.2 5.8 MJ/kg -
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 44.4 % 1
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 41 % 1
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 38.3 %
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 41.9 %
N digestibility ruminants - 54.3 % 1
N digestibility ruminants - 51.8 % 1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 15 %
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 15 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 50 %
NDF digestibility ruminants - 50 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 22 %
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 21 %
Immediately degradable N (a) - 16 %
Immediately degradable N (a) - 16 % 1
Potentially degradable N (b) - 12 % 1
Potentially degradable N (b) - 12 %
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.057 h-1 1
Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.057 h-1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 %
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 26 %
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 26 %
Immediately degradable DM (a) - 10 % 1
Immediately degradable DM (a) - 10 %
Potentially degradable DM (b) - 35 %
Potentially degradable DM (b) - 35 % 1
Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.05 h-1
Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.05 h-1 1
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73.8 %
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 74.1 %
Absorbable P ruminants 1.9 2.1 g/kg 70 % P
Absorbable Ca ruminants 5.5 6.1 g/kg 55 % Ca
Absorbable Ca ruminants 5.7 6.3 g/kg 55 % Ca
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.9 % PDIE
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.8 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.7 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.5 % PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.5 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE
VEM CVB 2018 397 440 per kg -
VEVI CVB 2018 318 353 per kg -
DVE CVB 1991 -6 -7 g/kg -
OEB CVB 1991 -13 -14 g/kg -
DVLYS CVB 1991 2 2.3 g/kg -
DVMET CVB 1991 0.6 0.7 g/kg -
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 41 45.6 % -
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 1.85 2.05 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.76 0.85 Mcal/kg -
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.71 0.79 Mcal/kg -
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.76 0.85 Mcal/kg -
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.28 0.31 Mcal/kg -
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 78 %
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 79 %
EN Lactation ruminants GfE 2.8 3.1 MJ/kg -
nxP ruminants GfE 132 147 g/kg -
RNB ruminants GfE -2 -2 g/kg -
Pigs
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE growing pig (kcal) 1860 2060 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (kcal) 2130 2360 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 2000 2220 kcal/kg -
ME growing pig (kcal) 1750 1940 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 1270 1410 kcal/kg -
NE growing pig (kcal) 1120 1240 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 2380 2640 kcal/kg -
DE adult pig (kcal) 2050 2280 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 2190 2430 kcal/kg -
ME adult pig (kcal) 1880 2090 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 1410 1570 kcal/kg -
NE adult pig (kcal) 1210 1350 kcal/kg -
DE growing pig (MJ) 8.9 9.9 MJ/kg -
ME growing pig (MJ) 8.4 9.3 MJ/kg -
NE growing pig (MJ) 5.3 5.9 MJ/kg -
DE adult pig (MJ) 10 11.1 MJ/kg -
ME adult pig (MJ) 9.1 10.2 MJ/kg -
NE adult pig (MJ) 5.9 6.6 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility growing pig - 53.2 %
Energy digestibility growing pig - 46.5 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 51.3 %
Energy digestibility adult pig - 59.5 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 57.4 %
OM digestibility growing pig - 51 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 56 %
OM digestibility adult pig - 63.5 %
N digestibility growing pig - 44.6 %
N digestibility growing pig - 50.4 %
N digestibility adult pig - 62.8 %
N digestibility adult pig - 54 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 48.3 %
Crude fat digestibility pig - 50 %
Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.8 0.9 g/kg 30 %
Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.2 1.4 g/kg 45 %
Poultry
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
AMEn cockerel (kcal) 1210 1340 kcal/kg -
AMEn broiler (kcal) 1160 1290 kcal/kg -
AMEn cockerel (MJ) 5.1 5.6 MJ/kg -
AMEn broiler (MJ) 4.9 5.4 MJ/kg -
Available P cockerel 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P
Available P broiler 0.7 0.8 g/kg 25 % P
Horses
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
OM digestibility horse - 66 %
OM digestibility horse - 65.2 %
Energy digestibility horse - 63.4 %
Energy digestibility horse - 62.9 %
Horse Forage Unit 0.72 0.8 per kg -
Horse Forage Unit 0.71 0.79 per kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 60 67 g/kg -
Digestible crude protein horse 58 65 g/kg -
Rabbits
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE rabbit (kcal) 1740 1930 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (kcal) 1710 1890 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 1670 1850 kcal/kg -
ME rabbit (kcal) 1690 1880 kcal/kg -
DE rabbit (MJ) 7.1 7.9 MJ/kg -
ME rabbit (MJ) 7 7.7 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility rabbit - 42.7 %
Energy digestibility rabbit - 43.5 %
N digestibility rabbit - 22.6 %
N digestibility rabbit - 24.4 %
Fish
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
DE salmonids (kcal) 2160 2400 kcal/kg -
DE salmonids (MJ) 9 10 MJ/kg -
Energy digestibility, salmonids - 53.9 %
N digestibility salmonids - 82 %
Amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine 4.8 5.3 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N
Lysine 4.9 5.4 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N
Threonine 4.2 4.7 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 4.1 -4.6 2 4.5 -5 2 3.4-3.8 2
Threonine 4.3 4.8 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N
Methionine 1.3 1.4 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 1 -1.8 2 1.1 -2 2 0.8-1.5 2
Methionine 1.3 1.4 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N
Cystine 1.4 1.6 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 1.4 -1.5 2 1.5 -1.6 2 1.2-1.2 2
Cystine 1.5 1.6 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N
Methionine + cystine 2.8 3.1 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N
Methionine + cystine 2.7 3 g/kg 2.2 g/16g N 2.4 -3.3 2 2.6 -3.6 2 2-2.7 2
Tryptophan 1.2 1.3 g/kg 1 g/16g N
Tryptophan 1.1 1.3 g/kg 1 g/16g N
Isoleucine 4.5 5 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
Isoleucine 4.4 4.9 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
Valine 4.7 5.2 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N
Valine 4.6 5.1 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N
Leucine 8 8.9 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N
Leucine 7.9 8.7 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N
Phenylalanine 4.1 4.6 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N
Phenylalanine 4.2 4.7 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N
Tyrosine 2.5 2.7 g/kg 2 g/16g N
Tyrosine 2.5 2.8 g/kg 2 g/16g N
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 6.6 7.3 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N
Phenylalanine + tyrosine 6.7 7.5 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N
Histidine 2.5 2.7 g/kg 2 g/16g N
Histidine 2.5 2.8 g/kg 2 g/16g N
Arginine 6.3 7 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N
Arginine 6.4 7.2 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N
Alanine 5.4 6.1 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N
Alanine 5.3 5.9 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N
Aspartic acid 6.3 7 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N
Aspartic acid 6.1 6.8 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N
Glutamic acid 19.3 21.5 g/kg 15.7 g/16g N
Glutamic acid 18.9 21 g/kg 15.7 g/16g N
Glycine 7.9 8.8 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N
Glycine 7.8 8.6 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N
Serine 4.5 5 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
Serine 4.4 4.9 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
Proline 4.4 4.9 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
Proline 4.3 4.8 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N
Pigs, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.2 g/kg 60 %
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.9 g/kg 62 %
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 75 %
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 0.9 g/kg 57 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 65 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 63 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.4 g/kg 71 %
Valine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.5 g/kg 68 %
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.3 g/kg 73 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.4 g/kg 75 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.8 2 g/kg 72 %
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.4 g/kg 74 %
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 70 %
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.7 g/kg 81 %
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.8 g/kg 65 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 69 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 14.7 16.3 g/kg 78 %
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.8 g/kg 55 %
Serine, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.2 g/kg 67 %
Proline, ileal standardised, pig 2.9 3.2 g/kg 67 %
Poultry, amino acids
Parameter As fed On DM Unit Other Unit SD Range Count SD Range Count SD Range Count
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.6 g/kg 68 %
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3 g/kg 65 %
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 76 %
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 1 g/kg 64 %
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.1 g/kg 70 %
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 0.9 g/kg 69 %
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.5 g/kg 72 %
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.6 g/kg 70 %
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.2 g/kg 71 %
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 73 %
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 67 %
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.2 g/kg 71 %
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 69 %
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.1 g/kg 73 %
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.1 g/kg 70 %
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.6 g/kg 67 %
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 14 15.6 g/kg 74 %
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.6 g/kg 65 %
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.3 g/kg 69 %
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 3 3.4 g/kg 71 %
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