Dry matter 87.4 100 % - 4.9 75 -91 16 7.9 Crude protein 24.7 28.3 % - 4.2 13.2 -30.2 16 4.5 14.7 -37 28 Crude fibre 4.2 4.8 % - 0.9 2 -5.1 10 1 2.2 -5.7 11 Crude fat 1.2 1.3 % - 0.5 0.6 -2.7 10 0.6 0.7 -3 15 Ash 3.3 3.8 % - 1.1 2.2 -6.6 14 1.3 2.4 -7.5 19 NDF 18.8 21.5 % - 10.7 13.6 -43.9 11 ADF 7.4 8.4 % - 2.3 3.4 -10.1 7 2.6 3.8 -12.4 9 Lignin 1.5 1.7 % - 1.3 0.9 -4 5 Water insoluble cell walls 13.5 15.4 % - 1 Starch 37.1 42.5 % - 11.6 36.4 -58.2 5 13.1 25.1 -64.6 7 Total sugars 1.6 1.8 % - 1 1.7 -1.9 2 Gross energy (kcal) 3850 4410 kcal/kg - 1 4280 -4800 3 Calcium 4.8 5.5 g/kg - 4.8 0.4 -11.9 7 5.5 0.4 -13.8 7 Phosphorus 4.3 4.9 g/kg - 0.9 3.3 -5.2 7 1 3.7 -6 7 Magnesium 1.4 1.6 g/kg - 1.3 -1.5 2 1.4 -1.7 2 Potassium 9.6 11 g/kg - 1 1 Sodium 0 0 g/kg - 1 1 Sulfur 1.8 2.1 g/kg - 1 1 Manganese 20 23 mg/kg - 1 1 Zinc 35 40 mg/kg - 1 1 Copper 13 15 mg/kg - 1 1 Iron 124 142 mg/kg - 1 1 Lysine 13.8 15.8 g/kg 5.6 g/16g N 12.5 -15 2 5.3-5.8 4 Threonine 8 9.2 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 6.4 -11 2 8 -12.1 4 2.6-3.8 4 Methionine 2.7 3.1 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 1 2.5 -4.4 3 0.9-1.4 3 Cystine 3.1 3.6 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 2.6 -5 2 0.9-1.6 2 Methionine + cystine 5.8 6.7 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 5.2 -8 2 1.8-2.6 2 Tryptophan 2.2 2.5 g/kg 0.9 g/16g N 0.07 0.7-1.2 249 Isoleucine 8.9 10.2 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 6.7 -13 2 8.2 -14.3 4 2.9-4.5 4 Valine 13 14.9 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 7.5 -20 2 9.9 -22.1 4 3.4-7 4 Leucine 15.4 17.7 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 13.5 -19 2 17.2 -21 4 6-6.7 4 Phenylalanine 10 11.5 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 6.7 -13 2 8.9 -14.6 4 3-5.1 4 Tyrosine 6 6.8 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 4.1 -9 2 5.5 -9.9 4 1.9-3.1 4 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 16 18.3 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 10.8 -21.9 2 14.4 -24.2 4 4.9-7.7 4 Histidine 6.1 6.9 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 1 6 -8.5 3 1.9-2.9 3 Arginine 16.9 19.3 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N 1 14.7 -24 3 5-7.8 3 Alanine 8.3 9.5 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 4 -8.5 2 4.4 -12.2 4 1.4-4.3 4 Aspartic acid 25.3 29 g/kg 10.2 g/16g N 25.4 -34 4 8.1-11.9 4 Glutamic acid 43.4 49.7 g/kg 17.6 g/16g N 1 41.5 -62.6 3 14.2-22 3 Glycine 9.3 10.6 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 9.9 -12.5 4 3.1-4.4 4 Serine 12 13.7 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 8.9 -18 2 11.9 -19.9 4 4.1-6.3 4 Proline 10 11.4 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1 11.1 -12.6 3 3.9-4.3 3 C14:0 myristic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 1 0.3-3 3 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.5 1.7 g/kg 16.1 % FA 1 1 14.9-16.8 3 C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 3.9 % FA 1 1 3.5-4.6 3 C18:1 oleic acid 1.6 1.8 g/kg 16.7 % FA 1 1 13.3-18.6 3 C18:2 linoleic acid 4.5 5.2 g/kg 47.9 % FA 1 1 38.9-53.6 3 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.7 0.9 g/kg 7.9 % FA 1 1 7.3-8.4 3 Fatty acids 0.9 1.1 % 82 % fat 4 78-89 5 DE growing pig (kcal) 3170 3630 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 2980 3410 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2150 2460 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3360 3850 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3140 3590 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2260 2580 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 82.3 % OM digestibility growing pig - 84.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 95.5 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 87.3 % OM digestibility adult pig - 88.8 % N digestibility adult pig - 100 % AMEn cockerel, ground (kcal) 2280 2610 kcal/kg - AMEn cockerel, pelleted (kcal) 2530 2900 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler, ground (kcal) 2220 2550 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler, pelleted (kcal) 2480 2840 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 74 85 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 169 193 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 123 141 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2700 3090 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 87.4 % 84-89.1 2 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 88.7 % N digestibility ruminants - 77.8 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 59.8 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 70 % 54-86 4 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 79 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 46 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 54 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.095 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 69 % 18 46-93 6 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.2 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.6 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 84.6 % Energy digestibility horse - 81.3 % Horse Forage Unit 0.92 1.05 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 194 222 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3080 3520 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2830 3240 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 79.8 % N digestibility rabbit - 81.7 % Gross energy (MJ) 16.1 18.5 MJ/kg - 1 17.9 -20.1 3 Absorbable Ca ruminants 2.6 3 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 88 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.06 1.21 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.07 1.23 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 61 70 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 113 129 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 86 99 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.04 1.19 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.05 1.2 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 69 79 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 119 136 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 80 92 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1830 2100 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1850 2120 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2730 3130 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 87.3 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 81 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.1 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.6 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.1 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12 13.7 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.1 9.3 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.3 9.6 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 66 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1 1.15 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.01 1.15 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 82 93 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 130 148 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 69 79 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.206 0.235 per kg - Insoluble ash 0.1 0.1 % - Phytate phosphorus 1.9 2.2 g/kg 45 % P 12 20-69 35 C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.6 1.8 g/kg 37 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.4 2.7 g/kg 56 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2280 2610 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2220 2550 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 1.1 1.2 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.1 1.2 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.01 1.16 per kg - 1 1.14 -1.2 2 UFV INRA 2007 1.01 1.15 per kg - 1 1.12 -1.2 2 Absorbable P ruminants 3.2 3.6 g/kg 73 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 2330 2660 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 60.3 % N digestibility salmonids - 85.9 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 10.7 12.3 g/kg 78 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 6.2 7.1 g/kg 77 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2.3 2.6 g/kg 84 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.7 g/kg 76 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.7 g/kg 80 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 78 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.2 8.3 g/kg 81 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 10.4 11.9 g/kg 80 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 12.9 14.7 g/kg 83 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 8.5 9.7 g/kg 84 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.7 g/kg 83 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 14.3 16.3 g/kg 84 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.7 g/kg 83 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 14.9 17 g/kg 88 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 6.5 7.5 g/kg 79 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 20.3 23.3 g/kg 80 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 37.4 42.8 g/kg 86 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 8.1 g/kg 76 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 9.6 11 g/kg 80 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 9.2 g/kg 81 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.9 12.5 g/kg 79 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 6 6.9 g/kg 75 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.6 g/kg 84 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.6 g/kg 72 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.8 5.5 g/kg 77 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 79 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.1 8.2 g/kg 80 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.3 11.8 g/kg 79 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.5 14.3 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9.4 g/kg 82 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.4 g/kg 79 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.8 15.8 g/kg 81 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.8 5.5 g/kg 79 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.9 15.9 g/kg 82 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.6 7.6 g/kg 79 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 19.2 22 g/kg 76 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 36.2 41.4 g/kg 83 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.1 8.1 g/kg 76 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.3 10.7 g/kg 78 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 7.9 9.1 g/kg 80 % DE growing pig (MJ) 13.3 15.2 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 12.5 14.3 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 9 10.3 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.1 16.1 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.1 15 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.4 10.8 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.5 10.9 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.3 10.7 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.3 12.9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.9 14.7 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 11.8 13.6 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 9.7 11.1 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1008 1154 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1102 1261 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 122 139 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 79 90 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.3 6.1 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 70.4 80.6 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.29 3.77 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.7 1.95 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.61 1.84 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.84 2.1 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.25 1.44 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 23 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 29 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.1 8.2 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 188 215 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 9 11 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 38 43.5 % - 1 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Chlorine 0 0 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 132 151 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 246 282 mEq/kg -