Dry matter
87.4
100
%
-
4.9
75 -91
16
7.9
Crude protein
24.7
28.3
%
-
4.2
13.2 -30.2
16
4.5
14.7 -37
28
Crude fibre
4.2
4.8
%
-
0.9
2 -5.1
10
1
2.2 -5.7
11
Crude fat
1.2
1.3
%
-
0.5
0.6 -2.7
10
0.6
0.7 -3
15
Ash
3.3
3.8
%
-
1.1
2.2 -6.6
14
1.3
2.4 -7.5
19
NDF
18.8
21.5
%
-
10.7
13.6 -43.9
11
ADF
7.4
8.4
%
-
2.3
3.4 -10.1
7
2.6
3.8 -12.4
9
Lignin
1.5
1.7
%
-
1.3
0.9 -4
5
Water insoluble cell walls
13.5
15.4
%
-
1
Starch
37.1
42.5
%
-
11.6
36.4 -58.2
5
13.1
25.1 -64.6
7
Total sugars
1.6
1.8
%
-
1
1.7 -1.9
2
Gross energy (kcal)
3850
4410
kcal/kg
-
1
4280 -4800
3
Calcium
4.8
5.5
g/kg
-
4.8
0.4 -11.9
7
5.5
0.4 -13.8
7
Phosphorus
4.3
4.9
g/kg
-
0.9
3.3 -5.2
7
1
3.7 -6
7
Magnesium
1.4
1.6
g/kg
-
1.3 -1.5
2
1.4 -1.7
2
Potassium
9.6
11
g/kg
-
1
1
Sodium
0
0
g/kg
-
1
1
Sulfur
1.8
2.1
g/kg
-
1
1
Manganese
20
23
mg/kg
-
1
1
Zinc
35
40
mg/kg
-
1
1
Copper
13
15
mg/kg
-
1
1
Iron
124
142
mg/kg
-
1
1
Lysine
13.8
15.8
g/kg
5.6
g/16g N
12.5 -15
2
5.3-5.8
4
Threonine
8
9.2
g/kg
3.2
g/16g N
6.4 -11
2
8 -12.1
4
2.6-3.8
4
Methionine
2.7
3.1
g/kg
1.1
g/16g N
1
2.5 -4.4
3
0.9-1.4
3
Cystine
3.1
3.6
g/kg
1.3
g/16g N
2.6 -5
2
0.9-1.6
2
Methionine + cystine
5.8
6.7
g/kg
2.4
g/16g N
5.2 -8
2
1.8-2.6
2
Tryptophan
2.2
2.5
g/kg
0.9
g/16g N
0.07
0.7-1.2
249
Isoleucine
8.9
10.2
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
6.7 -13
2
8.2 -14.3
4
2.9-4.5
4
Valine
13
14.9
g/kg
5.3
g/16g N
7.5 -20
2
9.9 -22.1
4
3.4-7
4
Leucine
15.4
17.7
g/kg
6.2
g/16g N
13.5 -19
2
17.2 -21
4
6-6.7
4
Phenylalanine
10
11.5
g/kg
4.1
g/16g N
6.7 -13
2
8.9 -14.6
4
3-5.1
4
Tyrosine
6
6.8
g/kg
2.4
g/16g N
4.1 -9
2
5.5 -9.9
4
1.9-3.1
4
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
16
18.3
g/kg
6.5
g/16g N
10.8 -21.9
2
14.4 -24.2
4
4.9-7.7
4
Histidine
6.1
6.9
g/kg
2.5
g/16g N
1
6 -8.5
3
1.9-2.9
3
Arginine
16.9
19.3
g/kg
6.8
g/16g N
1
14.7 -24
3
5-7.8
3
Alanine
8.3
9.5
g/kg
3.4
g/16g N
4 -8.5
2
4.4 -12.2
4
1.4-4.3
4
Aspartic acid
25.3
29
g/kg
10.2
g/16g N
25.4 -34
4
8.1-11.9
4
Glutamic acid
43.4
49.7
g/kg
17.6
g/16g N
1
41.5 -62.6
3
14.2-22
3
Glycine
9.3
10.6
g/kg
3.8
g/16g N
9.9 -12.5
4
3.1-4.4
4
Serine
12
13.7
g/kg
4.8
g/16g N
8.9 -18
2
11.9 -19.9
4
4.1-6.3
4
Proline
10
11.4
g/kg
4
g/16g N
1
11.1 -12.6
3
3.9-4.3
3
C14:0 myristic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
1.3
% FA
1
1
0.3-3
3
C16:0 palmitic acid
1.5
1.7
g/kg
16.1
% FA
1
1
14.9-16.8
3
C18:0 stearic acid
0.4
0.4
g/kg
3.9
% FA
1
1
3.5-4.6
3
C18:1 oleic acid
1.6
1.8
g/kg
16.7
% FA
1
1
13.3-18.6
3
C18:2 linoleic acid
4.5
5.2
g/kg
47.9
% FA
1
1
38.9-53.6
3
C18:3 linolenic acid
0.7
0.9
g/kg
7.9
% FA
1
1
7.3-8.4
3
Fatty acids
0.9
1.1
%
82
% fat
4
78-89
5
DE growing pig (kcal)
3170
3630
kcal/kg
-
ME growing pig (kcal)
2980
3410
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2150
2460
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3360
3850
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3140
3590
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2260
2580
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
82.3
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
84.3
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
95.5
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
0
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
87.3
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
88.8
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
100
%
AMEn cockerel, ground (kcal)
2280
2610
kcal/kg
-
AMEn cockerel, pelleted (kcal)
2530
2900
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler, ground (kcal)
2220
2550
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler, pelleted (kcal)
2480
2840
kcal/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
74
85
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
169
193
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
123
141
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2700
3090
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
87.4
%
84-89.1
2
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
88.7
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
77.8
%
1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
90
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
59.8
%
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
70
%
54-86
4
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
79
%
Immediately degradable starch (a)
-
46
%
Potentially degradable starch (b)
-
54
%
Degradation rate of particles starch (c)
-
0.095
h-1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
69
%
18
46-93
6
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
7.2
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.8
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.6
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.1
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.3
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.4
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
84.6
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
81.3
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.92
1.05
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
194
222
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3080
3520
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
2830
3240
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
79.8
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
81.7
%
Gross energy (MJ)
16.1
18.5
MJ/kg
-
1
17.9 -20.1
3
Absorbable Ca ruminants
2.6
3
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
88
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.06
1.21
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.07
1.23
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
61
70
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
113
129
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
86
99
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.04
1.19
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.05
1.2
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
69
79
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
119
136
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
80
92
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1830
2100
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1850
2120
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2730
3130
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
87.3
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
86
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
69
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
81
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
7.1
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.7
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
1.6
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.7
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.8
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.1
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.9
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.4
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.6
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
12
13.7
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8.1
9.3
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8.3
9.6
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
66
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1
1.15
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.01
1.15
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
82
93
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
130
148
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
69
79
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.206
0.235
per kg
-
Insoluble ash
0.1
0.1
%
-
Phytate phosphorus
1.9
2.2
g/kg
45
% P
12
20-69
35
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:0 arachidic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
1.6
1.8
g/kg
37
%
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
2.4
2.7
g/kg
56
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2280
2610
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2220
2550
kcal/kg
-
Available P cockerel
1.1
1.2
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
1.1
1.2
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.01
1.16
per kg
-
1
1.14 -1.2
2
UFV INRA 2007
1.01
1.15
per kg
-
1
1.12 -1.2
2
Absorbable P ruminants
3.2
3.6
g/kg
73
% P
DE salmonids (kcal)
2330
2660
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
60.3
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
85.9
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
10.7
12.3
g/kg
78
%
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
6.2
7.1
g/kg
77
%
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
2.3
2.6
g/kg
84
%
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
2.4
2.7
g/kg
76
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
5
5.7
g/kg
80
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.7
1.9
g/kg
78
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
7.2
8.3
g/kg
81
%
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
10.4
11.9
g/kg
80
%
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
12.9
14.7
g/kg
83
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
8.5
9.7
g/kg
84
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
4.9
5.7
g/kg
83
%
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
14.3
16.3
g/kg
84
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
5
5.7
g/kg
83
%
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
14.9
17
g/kg
88
%
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
6.5
7.5
g/kg
79
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
20.3
23.3
g/kg
80
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
37.4
42.8
g/kg
86
%
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
7.1
8.1
g/kg
76
%
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
9.6
11
g/kg
80
%
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
8.1
9.2
g/kg
81
%
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
10.9
12.5
g/kg
79
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
6
6.9
g/kg
75
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.2
2.6
g/kg
84
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.3
2.6
g/kg
72
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.8
5.5
g/kg
77
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.7
1.9
g/kg
79
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.1
8.2
g/kg
80
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
10.3
11.8
g/kg
79
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
12.5
14.3
g/kg
81
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
8.2
9.4
g/kg
82
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.7
5.4
g/kg
79
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
13.8
15.8
g/kg
81
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.8
5.5
g/kg
79
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
13.9
15.9
g/kg
82
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.6
7.6
g/kg
79
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
19.2
22
g/kg
76
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
36.2
41.4
g/kg
83
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.1
8.1
g/kg
76
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.3
10.7
g/kg
78
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
7.9
9.1
g/kg
80
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
13.3
15.2
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
12.5
14.3
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
9
10.3
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
14.1
16.1
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
13.1
15
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
9.4
10.8
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
9.5
10.9
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
9.3
10.7
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
11.3
12.9
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
12.9
14.7
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
11.8
13.6
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
9.7
11.1
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
1008
1154
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1102
1261
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
122
139
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
79
90
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
5.3
6.1
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.6
1.8
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
70.4
80.6
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.29
3.77
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.7
1.95
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.61
1.84
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.84
2.1
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.25
1.44
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
23
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
29
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
7.1
8.2
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
188
215
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
9
11
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
38
43.5
%
-
1
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Chlorine
0
0
g/kg
-
Dietary cation-anion difference
132
151
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
246
282
mEq/kg
-