Dry matter 24.6 100 % - 2.3 22 -32.8 19 13.4 Crude protein 5 20.2 % - 0.6 4.1 -6.3 18 1.4 17.8 -23.5 18 Crude fibre 4.4 18 % - 0.7 3.6 -8 15 2.1 16.3 -24.3 15 Crude fat 1.9 7.7 % - 0.5 0.2 -2.2 16 1.9 0.7 -8.9 16 Ash 0.8 3.4 % - 0.2 0.6 -2 18 0.7 2.4 -6.1 18 NDF 16 65.1 % - 15.9 -17.5 4 61.8 -68.9 4 ADF 6.8 27.6 % - 1 6.6 -7.9 5 2.9 24.7 -32.4 5 Lignin 1.5 5.9 % - 1.2 -1.7 3 5.1 -6.8 3 Water insoluble cell walls 15.1 61.2 % - Starch 0.4 1.8 % - Total sugars 0.1 0.5 % - 0.1 -0.2 2 0.4 -0.6 2 Gross energy (kcal) 1250 5100 kcal/kg - 1250 -1300 2 Calcium 0.3 1.3 g/kg - 0.2 0.1 -1 17 0.7 0.3 -3.8 17 Phosphorus 0.9 3.7 g/kg - 0.4 0.4 -3.2 17 1.7 1.5 -9.8 17 Magnesium 0.3 1.2 g/kg - 0.07 0.2 -0.5 16 0.3 0.8 -1.8 16 Potassium 0.08 0.3 g/kg - 0.03 0.05 -0.1 15 0.1 0.2 -0.6 15 Sodium 0.03 0.13 g/kg - 0.04 0.01 -0.18 16 0.17 0.05 -0.77 16 Manganese 10 41 mg/kg - 10 -10 2 39 -43 2 Zinc 46 188 mg/kg - 20 -71 2 80 -295 2 Copper 4 15 mg/kg - 3 -5 3 11 -18 3 Lysine 1.6 6.4 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 1.2 1.4-4.8 10 Threonine 1.8 7.3 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.2 3.1-3.9 10 Methionine 0.7 2.9 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.2 1-1.7 9 Cystine 0.9 3.5 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.2 1.5-2 8 Methionine + cystine 1.6 6.4 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N Tryptophan 0.7 2.7 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 1 Isoleucine 1.9 7.7 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 0.4 2.9-4.1 10 Valine 2.6 10.6 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 0.7 3.8-6.5 10 Leucine 3.6 14.6 g/kg 7.2 g/16g N 0.7 6.4-8.8 10 Phenylalanine 2.4 9.6 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 0.5 4-5.5 10 Tyrosine 1.5 6 g/kg 3 g/16g N 0.4 2.5-3.8 9 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 3.8 15.6 g/kg 7.7 g/16g N Histidine 1.2 4.8 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 0.5 1.1-3 10 Arginine 2.3 9.3 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 0.9 3.3-6.3 10 Alanine 2.5 10 g/kg 5 g/16g N 0.9 3.6-6.2 10 Aspartic acid 3.1 12.5 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 0.8 4.9-7 10 Glutamic acid 9.8 39.7 g/kg 19.6 g/16g N 3.5 15.4-24.4 10 Glycine 2 8.3 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.5 3.3-4.7 10 Serine 2.1 8.5 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.4 3.9-5 10 Proline 4.6 18.9 g/kg 9.3 g/16g N 0.9 8-10.7 7 C16:0 palmitic acid 3 12.2 g/kg 21.2 % FA 2 19-26.9 13 C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.6 g/kg 1.1 % FA 0.5 0.6-2.3 12 C18:1 oleic acid 1.9 7.7 g/kg 13.4 % FA 2.2 11.4-17.8 12 C18:2 linoleic acid 7.9 32.1 g/kg 55.9 % FA 1.2 53-57.5 12 C18:3 linolenic acid 1.2 5 g/kg 8.7 % FA 2.3 4.4-11.6 12 Fatty acids 1.4 5.7 % 74 % fat 3 70-77 5 DE growing pig (kcal) 590 2390 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 550 2220 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 350 1430 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 660 2670 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 600 2430 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 390 1590 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 46.9 % OM digestibility growing pig - 51 % N digestibility growing pig - 65.8 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 56.1 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 52.4 % OM digestibility adult pig - 56.8 % N digestibility adult pig - 74.1 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 490 2000 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 480 1950 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 22 87 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 34 137 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 31 124 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 630 2540 kcal/kg - 580 -630 2 2270 -2580 2 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 62 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 62.1 % N digestibility ruminants - 67.3 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 75 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 75.6 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 48 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 84 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 40 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.7 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.4 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 54.6 % Energy digestibility horse - 52.9 % Horse Forage Unit 0.17 0.7 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 31 124 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 690 2820 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 660 2690 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 55.4 % N digestibility rabbit - 49.7 % Gross energy (MJ) 5.2 21.3 MJ/kg - 5.2 -5.4 2 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.2 0.7 g/kg 55 % Ca UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.23 0.93 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.21 0.85 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 17 69 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 29 118 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 5 20 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.22 0.9 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.2 0.81 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 18 75 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 30 122 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 3 14 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 390 1580 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 350 1430 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 630 2560 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 60.7 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 60.6 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 50 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 84 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.8 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.4 9.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.5 6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.3 5.2 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 39 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.21 0.84 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.18 0.75 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 21 86 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 32 132 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 0.3 1 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.102 0.415 per kg - C14:0 myristic acid 0.05 0.2 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3-0.5 2 Insoluble ash 0.2 0.9 % - Phytate phosphorus 0.5 2.2 g/kg 60 % P Chlorine 0.8 3.2 g/kg - Sulfur 0.9 3.6 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference -75 -303 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance -19 -76 mEq/kg - Iron 55 225 mg/kg - Selenium 0.04 0.2 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.02 0.1 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.03 0.1 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.1 0.5 g/kg 0.9 % FA 1 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.3 1.1 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.4 1.6 g/kg 45 % Available P cockerel 0.2 0.9 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.2 0.9 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.22 0.88 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.19 0.78 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 0.7 2.9 g/kg 78 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 730 2970 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 58.2 % N digestibility salmonids - 84.5 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 4.7 g/kg 73 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 6.2 g/kg 84 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 2.6 g/kg 89 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 3 g/kg 87 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 5.6 g/kg 88 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 2.3 g/kg 86 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 6.9 g/kg 89 % 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 9.1 g/kg 86 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 3.2 13.1 g/kg 90 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 8.8 g/kg 92 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 5.6 g/kg 93 % 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 14.4 g/kg 93 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1 4.2 g/kg 87 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 8.7 g/kg 93 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 2 8 g/kg 80 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 10.5 g/kg 83 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 9.1 36.8 g/kg 93 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 6.8 g/kg 82 % 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 7.6 g/kg 89 % 1 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 11.6 g/kg 61 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 4.1 g/kg 63 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 4.4 g/kg 60 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 2.1 g/kg 72 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 2.1 g/kg 61 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 4.2 g/kg 66 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 1.8 g/kg 64 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 5.3 g/kg 69 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 6.9 g/kg 66 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 9.7 g/kg 66 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 6.6 g/kg 69 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 3.7 g/kg 61 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 10.3 g/kg 66 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 3.1 g/kg 64 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 6.4 g/kg 69 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 6.6 g/kg 65 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 7.9 g/kg 63 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 27.7 g/kg 70 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 5 g/kg 60 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 5.5 g/kg 65 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 12.6 g/kg 67 % DE growing pig (MJ) 2.5 10 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 2.3 9.3 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 1.5 6 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 2.8 11.2 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 2.5 10.2 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 1.6 6.6 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 2.1 8.4 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 2 8.2 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 2.6 10.6 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 2.9 11.8 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 2.8 11.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 3.1 12.4 MJ/kg - NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % 1 VEM CVB 2018 216 877 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 211 857 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 24 99 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 6 24 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 0.8 3.2 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.3 1.3 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 15.9 64.5 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 0.72 2.94 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.36 1.44 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.33 1.36 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.38 1.53 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.23 0.93 Mcal/kg - EN Lactation ruminants GfE 1.5 6.2 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 49 197 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 0.2 0.7 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.4 1.7 % - 0.3 -0.5 2 1.4 -2.1 2 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -