Dry matter
91
100
%
-
1.8
80.4 -95.3
278
2.8
Crude protein
7.3
8
%
-
2.1
3.3 -10.5
161
2.3
3.6 -16
182
Crude fibre
26.4
29
%
-
7.6
14 -39.1
99
8.3
15.1 -42.9
93
Crude fat
3
3.3
%
-
1.2
1.1 -5.8
64
1.3
1.2 -7
76
Ash
2.1
2.3
%
-
1.4
0.7 -9
84
1.5
0.8 -9.9
101
Insoluble ash
0.3
0.3
%
-
0.3
0.07 -0.9
5
0.2 -0.9
2
NDF
49.8
54.8
%
-
10.5
34.2 -66.8
107
11.5
30.1 -74.6
117
ADF
41.8
45.9
%
-
11.7
23.4 -60.3
108
12.8
24.5 -67.1
118
Lignin
18.5
20.3
%
-
5.4
7.4 -35.3
222
5.9
6.4 -39.4
230
Water insoluble cell walls
62.8
69
%
-
58.5 -67
2
1
Starch
7.8
8.5
%
-
6.2
0.8 -16.1
7
6.8
0.9 -18.4
9
Total sugars
6
6.6
%
-
4.2
0.5 -25.2
127
4.6
0.6 -26.9
127
Gross energy (kcal)
4180
4600
kcal/kg
-
250
260
4590 -5210
5
Calcium
0.9
1
g/kg
-
0.7
0.2 -3.1
38
0.8
0.2 -3.5
44
Phosphorus
1.2
1.4
g/kg
-
0.4
0.9 -2
39
0.4
0.1 -2.2
45
Magnesium
0.6
0.6
g/kg
-
1
0.2
0.4 -1
7
Potassium
3
3.3
g/kg
-
2.2
1.1 -7.4
34
2.4
1.2 -8.2
37
Sodium
2.58
2.84
g/kg
-
5.83
0.02 -22
32
6.4
0.02 -24.17
36
Chlorine
0.5
0.6
g/kg
-
0.7
0 -1.9
28
0.8
0 -2.2
26
Sulfur
5.4
5.9
g/kg
-
1
1
Dietary cation-anion difference
-160
-176
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
175
192
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
6
6
mg/kg
-
5 -8
3
2 -9
4
Zinc
4
4
mg/kg
-
3 -6
3
2 -7
4
Copper
3
3
mg/kg
-
1 -5
3
1 -5
4
Iron
68
75
mg/kg
-
16
55 -93
5
17
60 -100
6
Selenium
0.04
0.04
mg/kg
-
1
1
Lysine
3.1
3.4
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
3.3-5.3
4
Threonine
2.3
2.6
g/kg
3.2
g/16g N
2.8-4
4
Methionine
1.1
1.2
g/kg
1.5
g/16g N
1 -1.1
3
1.1 -1.7
4
1-2
4
Cystine
0.7
0.8
g/kg
1
g/16g N
0.8 -1.2
4
0.7-1.4
4
Methionine + cystine
1.8
2
g/kg
2.5
g/16g N
1.9 -2.9
3
1.8-3.5
3
Isoleucine
2.8
3
g/kg
3.8
g/16g N
2.6 -3.5
3
2.9 -3.8
4
3.6-4.2
4
Valine
3
3.3
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
2.9 -3.7
3
3.3 -4.1
4
3.8-4.7
4
Leucine
4.4
4.9
g/kg
6.1
g/16g N
3.8 -6.6
4
4.6-7.3
4
Phenylalanine
2.7
3
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
2.7 -3.7
3
2.3 -4.1
4
2.8-4.3
4
Tyrosine
1.9
2.1
g/kg
2.6
g/16g N
1
1.8 -2.2
2
2.6-2.7
2
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
4.6
5.1
g/kg
6.3
g/16g N
1
1
Histidine
1.6
1.8
g/kg
2.2
g/16g N
1.6 -2.6
4
1.7-3.1
4
Arginine
3.1
3.4
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
3 -4.6
3
2.2 -5.1
4
2.7-4.9
4
Glycine
3.1
3.4
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
2.5 -4.6
4
3-5
4
Fatty acids
2.2
2.5
%
75
% fat
DE growing pig (kcal)
2140
2350
kcal/kg
-
ME growing pig (kcal)
2020
2220
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
1250
1370
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
2420
2660
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
2230
2450
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
1410
1550
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
51.1
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
55.6
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
48.7
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
27.3
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
57.9
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
62
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
71.9
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
1050
1150
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
1020
1120
kcal/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
26
28
g/kg
-
1
PDIN INRA 2007
41
45
g/kg
-
1
PDIE INRA 2007
68
74
g/kg
-
1
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
1950
2150
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
57.1
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
59
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
48.9
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
55
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
70.7
%
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
43
%
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
80
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
45
%
OM digestibility horse
-
59.7
%
1
Energy digestibility horse
-
57.7
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.73
0.8
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
27
29
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
1730
1900
kcal/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (kcal)
1680
1850
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
41.4
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
49
%
1
Gross energy (MJ)
17.5
19.2
MJ/kg
-
1.1
1.1
19.2 -21.8
5
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.5
0.5
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
50
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
0.7
0.77
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
0.63
0.69
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
20
22
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
65
72
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
-48
-52
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
0.68
0.75
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
0.6
0.66
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
22
24
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
66
72
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
-49
-53
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1200
1320
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1060
1160
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1970
2160
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
57.7
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
55.7
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
46
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
82
%
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8.1
8.9
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
4.9
5.4
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
4.3
4.7
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
43
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.64
0.7
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.55
0.6
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
25
27
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
68
75
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-53
-58
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.398
0.437
per kg
-
C14:0 myristic acid
0.06
0.07
g/kg
0.3
% FA
1
Phytate phosphorus
0.7
0.8
g/kg
60
% P
Tryptophan
0.8
0.8
g/kg
1
g/16g N
1
1
1
Alanine
3
3.3
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
4.1-4.2
2
Aspartic acid
6
6.6
g/kg
8.2
g/16g N
6 -7.1
3
7.3-9.7
3
Glutamic acid
9.6
10.5
g/kg
13.1
g/16g N
7.6 -12.9
3
8.5 -14.2
3
12.3-13.7
3
Serine
2.7
3
g/kg
3.8
g/16g N
2.5 -3.5
3
2.8 -3.8
3
3.5-4
3
Proline
2.5
2.7
g/kg
3.4
g/16g N
2.3 -3.3
3
2.5 -3.6
3
3.1-3.7
3
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0.05
0.05
g/kg
0.2
% FA
1
C16:0 palmitic acid
3.5
3.9
g/kg
15.8
% FA
1
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.05
0.06
g/kg
0.2
% FA
1
C18:0 stearic acid
0.3
0.3
g/kg
1.3
% FA
1
C18:1 oleic acid
1.2
1.3
g/kg
5.4
% FA
1
C18:2 linoleic acid
14.4
15.8
g/kg
64.3
% FA
1
C18:3 linolenic acid
1.9
2.1
g/kg
8.5
% FA
1
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0.01
0.01
g/kg
0.03
% FA
1
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.3
0.3
g/kg
1.1
% FA
1
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.06
0.06
g/kg
0.3
% FA
1
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C22:0 behenic acid
0.4
0.4
g/kg
1.8
% FA
1
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0.09
0.1
g/kg
0.4
% FA
1
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0.01
0.01
g/kg
0.05
% FA
1
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
0.4
0.4
g/kg
30
%
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
0.6
0.6
g/kg
45
%
Available P cockerel
0.3
0.3
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
0.3
0.3
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.67
0.73
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
0.58
0.64
per kg
-
Absorbable P ruminants
0.9
1
g/kg
70
% P
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
7.1
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.9
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.5
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.8
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.3
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.2
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.8
% PDIE
DE salmonids (kcal)
2100
2310
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
50.2
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
76.9
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
1.8
2
g/kg
58
%
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
1.4
1.6
g/kg
60
%
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
0.8
0.9
g/kg
74
%
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
0.4
0.4
g/kg
55
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
1.3
1.4
g/kg
66
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
0.5
0.5
g/kg
62
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
1.9
2.1
g/kg
70
%
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
2
2.2
g/kg
66
%
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
3.2
3.5
g/kg
71
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
2
2.2
g/kg
74
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
1.3
1.5
g/kg
70
%
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
3.5
3.9
g/kg
73
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
1.1
1.2
g/kg
69
%
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
2.5
2.7
g/kg
80
%
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
1.9
2.1
g/kg
63
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
4
4.4
g/kg
68
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
7.3
8
g/kg
77
%
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
1.6
1.8
g/kg
53
%
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
1.8
2
g/kg
65
%
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
1.6
1.8
g/kg
66
%
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.1
2.3
g/kg
67
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.5
1.6
g/kg
63
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
0.8
0.9
g/kg
75
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
0.5
0.5
g/kg
64
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.4
1.5
g/kg
70
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
0.5
0.6
g/kg
68
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
2
2.2
g/kg
71
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.1
2.3
g/kg
69
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.1
3.4
g/kg
70
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
2
2.1
g/kg
72
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.2
1.4
g/kg
65
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.4
3.7
g/kg
70
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.1
1.2
g/kg
68
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.2
2.5
g/kg
72
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.1
2.3
g/kg
69
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
4
4.4
g/kg
66
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
7
7.7
g/kg
73
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
2
2.1
g/kg
64
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.9
2
g/kg
68
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
1.7
1.9
g/kg
70
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
8.9
9.8
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
8.5
9.3
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
5.2
5.8
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
10.1
11.1
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
9.3
10.3
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
5.9
6.5
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
4.4
4.8
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
4.3
4.7
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
8.2
9
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
7.3
8
MJ/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (MJ)
7
7.7
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
8.8
9.7
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
665
730
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
634
696
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
40
44
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
-41
-45
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
4
4.4
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.5
1.6
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
46.1
50.7
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
2.01
2.21
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
0.85
0.94
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
0.79
0.87
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
0.88
0.97
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
0.39
0.42
Mcal/kg
-
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
4.7
5.2
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
109
119
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-6
-6
g/kg
-
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
7.2
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.2
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.4
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.7
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.4
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.2
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.9
% PDI
Starch, enzymatic method
2.1
2.3
%
-
0.8 -3.3
2
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-