Dry matter 87.8 100 % - 1.2 84 -92.9 370 1.9 Crude protein 15 17.1 % - 1.3 9.8 -18.8 429 1.5 13.1 -21.2 362 Crude fibre 5.7 6.5 % - 1.6 2.6 -9.2 163 1.9 3 -10.4 137 Crude fat 3.4 3.9 % - 0.9 0.8 -5.3 449 1 0.9 -6.1 455 Ash 3.1 3.6 % - 0.8 1.6 -4.9 123 0.9 1.9 -5.6 99 Insoluble ash 0.08 0.09 % - 0.04 0.02 -0.2 28 0.04 0.02 -0.2 28 NDF 25.9 29.4 % - 5.9 17.4 -43.6 34 6.7 20.6 -50.3 83 ADF 7.4 8.4 % - 2.1 4.4 -13.1 34 2.4 5.2 -15.2 91 Lignin 2.2 2.5 % - 0.8 0.8 -3.8 25 1 0.9 -4.3 74 Water insoluble cell walls 25.2 28.7 % - 19.9 -33.6 4 22.5 -38.5 3 Starch 44.9 51.1 % - 4.5 40 -59.6 158 5 45.5 -67.6 133 Total sugars 6.5 7.4 % - 2.1 2.1 -9.5 8 2.3 2.4 -8.9 8 Gross energy (kcal) 4010 4570 kcal/kg - 90 3870 -4290 14 80 4410 -4840 30 Calcium 1 1.1 g/kg - 0.4 0.2 -2.1 66 0.4 0.2 -2.4 71 Phosphorus 6.6 7.5 g/kg - 2.3 3.9 -15.3 74 2.6 4.4 -16.8 80 Phytate phosphorus 5.3 6 g/kg 80 % P 1 78-80 2 Magnesium 2.9 3.3 g/kg - 0.7 1.1 -4.3 27 0.8 1.2 -4.8 27 Potassium 8.5 9.7 g/kg - 1.6 7.1 -15.4 33 1.8 8.1 -16.9 40 Sodium 0.09 0.1 g/kg - 0.02 0.07 -0.15 5 0.02 0.08 -0.17 13 Sulfur 1.6 1.9 g/kg - Manganese 87 99 mg/kg - 35 58 -169 13 Zinc 84 95 mg/kg - 16 70 -119 3 18 72 -139 13 Copper 13 15 mg/kg - 2 11 -15 3 2 12 -17 11 Iron 60 69 mg/kg - 58 -64 2 65 -72 2 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.07 0.08 mg/kg - 1 1 Molybdenum 0.9 1 mg/kg - Iodine 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - Lysine 5.9 6.7 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 0.8 2.3 -7.3 58 0.9 4.6 -8.4 31 0.5 2.2-4.9 59 Threonine 4.8 5.4 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.7 2.6 -6.1 49 0.8 4.2 -8 25 0.3 2.6-4 53 Methionine 2.3 2.6 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.4 1.5 -3.2 47 0.4 1.6 -3.6 22 0.2 0.8-2 50 Cystine 3 3.4 g/kg 2 g/16g N 0.3 2.1 -3.7 40 0.3 2.9 -4.3 14 0.1 1.6-2.4 41 Methionine + cystine 5.3 6 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 0.4 3.6 -6.2 40 0.5 5.3 -7.2 14 0.3 3.1-4.3 41 Tryptophan 1.9 2.2 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 0.3 1.1 -2.8 32 0.3 1.9 -2.9 9 0.2 1.1-1.8 33 Isoleucine 4.8 5.5 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.5 3.4 -6.4 49 0.6 4.7 -7 25 0.2 2.8-3.8 53 Valine 6.8 7.7 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.8 4 -7.9 47 0.9 6.4 -10 21 0.3 3.8-5.1 49 Leucine 9.2 10.5 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 0.8 6.5 -11.2 49 0.9 9.9 -14 25 0.4 5.2-7 53 Phenylalanine 6 6.8 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.5 5.3 -7.4 44 0.6 5.9 -8.2 23 0.2 3.4-4.4 48 Tyrosine 4 4.5 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.8 2.9 -5.1 33 0.9 3.4 -6 14 0.3 2.1-3.5 37 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 10 11.4 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 1.3 8.5 -11.9 25 1.5 9.4 -14 9 0.4 5.7-7.3 29 Histidine 4 4.5 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.4 2 -4.9 45 0.4 3.8 -5.5 21 0.2 2-3 48 Arginine 9.3 10.6 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 1.6 5.4 -12.9 46 1.8 8.4 -15 23 0.6 4.9-7.2 49 Alanine 6.6 7.5 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1 4.4 -8.6 45 1.1 6.1 -11 22 0.4 3.4-5.2 47 Aspartic acid 9.7 11 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 1.3 6.5 -12 43 1.5 9.3 -16 23 0.4 5.5-8.1 46 Glutamic acid 30.2 34.4 g/kg 20.2 g/16g N 3.3 24.4 -42.3 44 3.8 30.5 -44.5 23 2.8 14.4-26.7 47 Glycine 7.2 8.3 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.8 3.4 -8.6 46 0.9 6.6 -11 23 0.5 3.5-5.8 50 Serine 6.4 7.3 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 0.6 4.4 -7.5 45 0.7 6.2 -8.6 20 0.3 3.1-5 47 Proline 10 11.4 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 0.9 8 -13.9 32 1 10.2 -13.6 13 0.8 5.1-8.7 34 C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 4.8 5.5 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 4.1 4.7 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 15.3 17.4 g/kg 56.4 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 1.6 1.8 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 2.7 3.1 % 80 % fat Vitamin E 15 17 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 7.7 8.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 4 4.6 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 9.9 11.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 194 221 mg/kg - 1 Pantothenic acid 28.3 32.3 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 752 856 mg/kg - Viscosity, real applied - 2 mL/g Phytase activity 2580 2940 IU/kg - 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 2900 3300 kcal/kg - 2300 -3100 3 2510 -3560 4 ME growing pig (kcal) 2790 3180 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 2140 2430 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3050 3470 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2930 3330 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2210 2520 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 72.2 % 56.4-78 4 OM digestibility growing pig - 75.3 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 74.3 % 69-79.4 3 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 80 % 5.2 75.1-88.7 8 Crude fat digestibility pig - 48.7 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 76 % OM digestibility adult pig - 78.8 % N digestibility adult pig - 80.3 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.7 1.9 g/kg 25 % 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 3.3 3.8 g/kg 50 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2300 2620 kcal/kg - 1 2540 -2840 2 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2210 2510 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 35 39 g/kg - 32 -64 2 PDIN INRA 2007 98 112 g/kg - 111 -135 2 PDIE INRA 2007 86 98 g/kg - 94 -137 2 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2500 2850 kcal/kg - 290 2370 -2560 4 330 2390 -3510 20 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 75.7 % 5.7 67.1-84.7 20 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 77.5 % 5.2 71.6-87.2 21 N digestibility ruminants - 68.9 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 87 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 72.5 % Absorbable P ruminants 5 5.7 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 % 8 68-87 5 Immediately degradable N (a) - 35 % 32-56 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 57 % 39-83 3 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.155 h-1 0.134-0.182 3 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 64 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 80.6 % 1 Energy digestibility horse - 77.6 % Horse Forage Unit 0.99 1.13 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 108 123 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3010 3430 kcal/kg - 1 2930 -3460 2 ME rabbit (kcal) 2890 3280 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 75.1 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 66 % DE salmonids (kcal) 1790 2040 kcal/kg - 1490 -2030 4 1670 -2280 4 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 44.6 % 36-45.3 4 N digestibility salmonids - 89.3 % 68-92 4 Digestible P salmonids 3.2 3.6 g/kg 48 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.3 g/kg 80 % 4.4 -5.6 2 5 -6.4 2 5 77-89 8 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.2 g/kg 77 % 3 -4.5 2 3.4 -5.1 2 4 70-83 8 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 1.9 2.2 g/kg 85 % 1.9 -2.1 2 2.2 -2.4 2 3 81-91 8 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.8 g/kg 81 % 3 76-86 8 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5 g/kg 83 % 3 79-88 8 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.8 g/kg 83 % 78-88 4 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.5 g/kg 83 % 5 77-90 8 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.2 g/kg 81 % 5.4 -6.1 2 6.2 -7 2 5 76-88 8 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 8.8 g/kg 84 % 4 82-91 8 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 5.9 g/kg 87 % 4 84-93 8 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 3.9 g/kg 87 % 3.4 -4.3 2 3.9 -4.9 2 3 85-94 8 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.7 9.9 g/kg 87 % 8.5 -9.2 2 9.7 -10.4 2 4 84-93 8 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 3.9 g/kg 87 % 3 85-93 7 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 8.4 9.5 g/kg 90 % 7.5 -9.5 2 8.5 -10.9 2 3 85-94 8 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.7 g/kg 76 % 4.6 -5.7 2 5.2 -6.5 2 5 71-85 8 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 7.7 8.8 g/kg 80 % 7.1 -9.3 2 8 -10.6 2 4 76-87 8 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 27.6 31.5 g/kg 91 % 25.4 -31.4 2 29 -35.8 2 3 88-95 8 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5.6 6.4 g/kg 77 % 5 -6 2 5.6 -6.8 2 5 69-84 8 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 6.1 g/kg 83 % 4.7 -6.1 2 5.4 -6.9 2 3 79-88 8 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 8.7 9.9 g/kg 87 % 8.3 -9.1 2 9.5 -10.3 2 8 70-94 8 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.3 g/kg 79 % 66-83 2 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.7 4.2 g/kg 77 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.9 2.2 g/kg 84 % 69-85 2 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.4 2.7 g/kg 79 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.9 g/kg 82 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.8 g/kg 81 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.6 g/kg 84 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.5 6.2 g/kg 81 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.6 8.6 g/kg 83 % 69-83 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.7 g/kg 84 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.6 g/kg 78 % 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9.3 g/kg 82 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.6 g/kg 79 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.6 8.6 g/kg 81 % 66-83 2 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.9 g/kg 78 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 7.6 8.6 g/kg 78 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 27.5 31.3 g/kg 91 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.5 g/kg 78 % 60-88 2 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 6 g/kg 82 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 8.6 9.8 g/kg 86 % 79-88 2 Gross energy (MJ) 16.8 19.1 MJ/kg - 0.4 16.2 -18 14 0.4 18.4 -20.3 30 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.5 0.6 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.94 1.07 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.92 1.05 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 28 32 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 77 88 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 28 32 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.92 1.05 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.9 1.02 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 33 37 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 80 91 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 25 29 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1630 1850 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1580 1800 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2510 2850 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.2 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 74.3 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.9 12.4 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.1 8.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7 8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 61 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.88 1.01 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.85 0.97 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 39 45 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 86 98 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 20 23 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 0.77 0.88 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 0.82 0.93 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 92 105 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0023 0.0026 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 9.99 11.38 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0 0 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.254 0.289 per kg - Chlorine 0.9 1.1 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 93 105 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 195 223 mEq/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Available P cockerel 1.7 1.9 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.7 1.9 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.91 1.03 per kg - 0.07 0.93 -1.13 12 UFV INRA 2007 0.87 0.99 per kg - 0.09 0.87 -1.12 12 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 44 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 38 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1 0.057 0.004-0.145 5 DE growing pig (MJ) 12.1 13.8 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 11.7 13.3 MJ/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (MJ) 8.9 10.2 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 12.8 14.5 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 12.3 14 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.3 10.5 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.6 11 MJ/kg - 1 AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.2 10.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.5 11.9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.6 14.4 MJ/kg - 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 12.1 13.7 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.5 8.5 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 906 1031 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 955 1087 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 74 84 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 25 29 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.2 4.7 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.5 1.7 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 69.3 78.9 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.11 3.54 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.59 1.81 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.5 1.71 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.71 1.95 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.15 1.3 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 22 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 26 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.4 7.3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 145 165 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 0.8 1 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 39.8 45.4 % - 9.7 25.1 -57.5 14 Vitamin A 0.09 0.1 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.5 0.5 mg/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -