Dry matter 88 100 % - 1.1 83.8 -96.7 1497 1.8 Crude protein 16 18.1 % - 0.9 9.8 -18.9 1732 1 13.5 -21.3 1508 Crude fibre 7.1 8 % - 1 2.9 -10 752 1.1 3.4 -11.7 618 Crude fat 4.1 4.6 % - 0.5 0.8 -5.2 378 0.6 0.9 -6 373 Ash 3.8 4.3 % - 0.4 2 -5.8 598 0.5 2.3 -6.4 505 Insoluble ash 0.08 0.09 % - 0.04 0.01 -0.2 29 0.04 0.01 -0.2 29 NDF 31.3 35.5 % - 5.2 19.9 -43.6 55 5.9 22.7 -50.3 104 ADF 9.1 10.4 % - 1.9 4.7 -13.1 55 2.2 5.3 -15.2 112 Lignin 2.6 3 % - 0.6 1.2 -3.8 88 0.7 1.4 -4.3 136 Water insoluble cell walls 30.6 34.7 % - 5 21.3 -33.6 5 24.3 -38.9 3 Starch 25.2 28.6 % - 2.6 20 -30 1444 2.9 23 -34 1261 Total sugars 7 8 % - 2 2.1 -10.5 71 2.2 2.4 -12 70 Gross energy (kcal) 4060 4610 kcal/kg - 90 3870 -4290 17 80 4410 -4840 33 Calcium 1.1 1.2 g/kg - 0.3 0.2 -2.1 164 0.4 0.2 -2.4 168 Phosphorus 7.7 8.8 g/kg - 1.6 4.5 -15.3 177 1.8 5.2 -16.8 182 Phytate phosphorus 6.2 7 g/kg 80 % P 1 78-80 2 Magnesium 2.9 3.3 g/kg - 0.7 1.1 -4.3 31 0.8 1.2 -4.8 31 Potassium 9.7 11 g/kg - 1.5 7.1 -15.4 39 1.7 8.1 -16.9 46 Sodium 0.05 0.06 g/kg - 0.03 0.01 -0.18 48 0.04 0.01 -0.2 55 Chlorine 0.9 1 g/kg - 0.7 -1.1 4 0.8 -1.2 3 Sulfur 1.7 1.9 g/kg - 0.3 1.4 -2 5 0.3 1.5 -2.3 5 Dietary cation-anion difference 122 138 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 226 257 mEq/kg - Manganese 96 109 mg/kg - 27 92 -150 11 31 58 -169 21 Zinc 87 99 mg/kg - 17 70 -119 6 19 72 -139 16 Copper 13 15 mg/kg - 2 10 -15 6 2 11 -17 14 Iron 126 143 mg/kg - 63 58 -189 5 71 65 -215 5 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 1 1 Cobalt 0.07 0.08 mg/kg - 1 1 Molybdenum 0.9 1 mg/kg - 0.9 -0.9 3 1 -1 3 Iodine 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - 0.09 -0.09 3 0.1 -0.1 3 Lysine 6.4 7.3 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.9 2.3 -8.1 62 1 4.6 -9.3 35 0.5 2.2-4.9 63 Threonine 5.2 5.9 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.6 2.6 -6.1 54 0.7 4.2 -8 30 0.3 2.6-4 58 Methionine 2.4 2.8 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.4 1.5 -3.2 53 0.4 1.6 -3.6 28 0.2 0.8-2 56 Cystine 3.2 3.7 g/kg 2 g/16g N 0.4 2.1 -4 46 0.4 2.9 -4.6 20 0.2 1.6-2.6 47 Methionine + cystine 5.7 6.4 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 0.4 3.6 -6.5 45 0.5 5.3 -7.2 19 0.3 3.1-4.4 46 Tryptophan 2.1 2.4 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 0.3 1.1 -2.8 34 0.3 1.9 -2.9 11 0.2 1.1-1.8 35 Isoleucine 5.1 5.8 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 0.5 3.4 -6.4 54 0.5 4.7 -7 30 0.2 2.8-3.8 58 Valine 7.2 8.2 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.8 4 -8.5 52 0.9 6.4 -10 26 0.3 3.8-5.1 54 Leucine 9.7 11 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 0.8 6.5 -11.2 54 0.8 9.9 -14 30 0.4 5.2-7 58 Phenylalanine 6.3 7.2 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.5 5.3 -7.4 49 0.6 5.9 -8.2 28 0.2 3.4-4.4 53 Tyrosine 4.1 4.7 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 0.7 2.9 -5.1 36 0.8 3.4 -6 17 0.3 2.1-3.5 40 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 10.4 11.9 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 1.1 8.5 -11.9 28 1.3 9.4 -14 12 0.4 5.7-7.3 32 Histidine 4.2 4.8 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 0.4 2 -5 50 0.5 3.8 -5.5 26 0.2 2-3.1 53 Arginine 10.3 11.7 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N 1.5 5.4 -12.9 51 1.7 8.4 -15 28 0.5 4.9-7.2 54 Alanine 7.1 8.1 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1 4.4 -9 50 1.2 6.1 -11 27 0.4 3.4-5.2 52 Aspartic acid 10.6 12.1 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 1.3 6.5 -12.7 48 1.5 9.3 -16 28 0.4 5.5-8.1 51 Glutamic acid 32.2 36.5 g/kg 20.1 g/16g N 3.1 24.4 -42.3 48 3.5 30.5 -44.5 27 2.7 14.4-26.7 51 Glycine 7.7 8.8 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 0.8 3.4 -8.9 51 0.9 6.6 -11 28 0.4 3.5-5.8 55 Serine 6.9 7.8 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 0.6 4.4 -7.5 50 0.7 6.2 -8.6 25 0.3 3.1-5 52 Proline 10.6 12.1 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N 0.8 8 -13.9 35 0.9 10.2 -13.6 16 0.7 5.1-8.7 37 C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 5.8 6.6 g/kg 17.8 % FA 4.8 -6.1 3 5.3 -6.9 3 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.2 -0.3 3 0.2 -0.3 3 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 4.9 5.6 g/kg 15.2 % FA 4.1 -6.2 3 4.5 -7.1 3 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 18.3 20.8 g/kg 56.4 % FA 18 -21.9 3 19.7 -24.1 3 C18:3 linolenic acid 1.9 2.2 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1.8 -2.2 3 2.1 -2.4 3 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 3.2 3.7 % 80 % fat 80-86 3 Vitamin E 15 17 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 7.7 8.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 4.1 4.6 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 9.9 11.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 194 221 mg/kg - 1 Pantothenic acid 28.4 32.3 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 753 856 mg/kg - Viscosity, real applied - 2 mL/g Phytase activity 2590 2940 IU/kg - 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 2690 3060 kcal/kg - 2300 -3100 3 2510 -3560 4 ME growing pig (kcal) 2560 2910 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 1840 2090 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2870 3260 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2710 3070 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1950 2210 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 66.3 % 56.4-78 4 OM digestibility growing pig - 69.7 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 70.7 % 69-79.4 3 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 75.7 % 5.6 72.9-88.7 10 Crude fat digestibility pig - 51.4 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 70.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 74 % N digestibility adult pig - 77.5 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.9 2.2 g/kg 25 % 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 3.9 4.4 g/kg 50 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2090 2370 kcal/kg - 410 1260 -2220 5 460 1460 -2840 6 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2000 2270 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 37 42 g/kg - 32 -64 2 PDIN INRA 2007 104 119 g/kg - 111 -135 2 PDIE INRA 2007 86 97 g/kg - 94 -137 2 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2430 2760 kcal/kg - 290 2370 -2560 4 330 2390 -3510 20 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 73.2 % 5.7 67.1-84.7 20 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 74.9 % 5.2 71.6-87.2 21 N digestibility ruminants - 68.8 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 87 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73.6 % Absorbable P ruminants 5.8 6.6 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 % 8 68-87 6 Immediately degradable N (a) - 35 % 32-56 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 57 % 39-83 3 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.155 h-1 0.134-0.182 3 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 64 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 73.9 % 1 Energy digestibility horse - 71.2 % Horse Forage Unit 0.86 0.97 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 114 129 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2950 3350 kcal/kg - 1 2930 -3460 2 ME rabbit (kcal) 2820 3200 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 72.6 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 60.9 % DE salmonids (kcal) 1810 2050 kcal/kg - 1490 -2030 4 1670 -2280 4 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 44.6 % 36-45.3 4 N digestibility salmonids - 89.3 % 68-92 4 Digestible P salmonids 3.7 4.2 g/kg 48 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.8 5.5 g/kg 75 % 4.4 -5.6 2 5 -6.4 2 7 68-89 10 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.2 g/kg 72 % 3 -4.5 2 3.4 -5.1 2 5 69-83 10 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.3 g/kg 82 % 1.9 -2.1 2 2.2 -2.4 2 4 79-91 10 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.8 g/kg 78 % 3 76-86 10 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 5.1 g/kg 79 % 3 78-88 10 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 80 % 4 78-88 6 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4.1 4.6 g/kg 80 % 6 74-90 10 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.6 6.4 g/kg 78 % 5.4 -6.1 2 6.2 -7 2 7 68-88 10 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.8 8.9 g/kg 81 % 6 74-91 10 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 6 g/kg 84 % 6 76-93 10 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 3.9 g/kg 84 % 3.4 -4.3 2 3.9 -4.9 2 7 70-94 10 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.8 10 g/kg 84 % 8.5 -9.2 2 9.7 -10.4 2 6 74-93 10 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 84 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 9 10.2 g/kg 88 % 7.5 -9.5 2 8.5 -10.9 2 3 85-94 10 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 5.9 g/kg 72 % 4.6 -5.7 2 5.2 -6.5 2 6 66-85 10 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 8.1 9.2 g/kg 76 % 7.1 -9.3 2 8 -10.6 2 6 68-87 10 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 28.8 32.7 g/kg 89 % 25.4 -31.4 2 29 -35.8 2 4 85-95 10 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5.6 6.4 g/kg 73 % 5 -6 2 5.6 -6.8 2 7 62-84 10 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.2 g/kg 80 % 4.7 -6.1 2 5.4 -6.9 2 4 76-88 10 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 9.3 10.5 g/kg 87 % 8 70-94 8 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.7 g/kg 78 % 66-83 2 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.4 g/kg 75 % 59-75 2 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.3 g/kg 83 % 69-85 2 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 78 % 69-79 2 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 80 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 79 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.8 g/kg 82 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.4 g/kg 79 % 65-80 2 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.8 8.9 g/kg 81 % 69-83 2 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 5.9 g/kg 82 % 74-83 2 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.6 g/kg 76 % 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.3 9.4 g/kg 79 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.3 3.7 g/kg 77 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.3 9.4 g/kg 80 % 66-83 2 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.5 6.2 g/kg 77 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9.3 g/kg 77 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 28.7 32.6 g/kg 89 % 82-90 2 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.9 6.7 g/kg 76 % 60-88 2 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6.2 g/kg 79 % 66-80 2 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 8.8 10 g/kg 83 % 79-88 2 Gross energy (MJ) 17 19.3 MJ/kg - 0.4 16.2 -18 17 0.3 18.4 -20.3 33 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.6 0.7 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.91 1.04 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.88 1 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 30 34 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 79 89 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 37 42 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.89 1.01 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.86 0.97 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 35 39 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 82 93 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 34 38 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1570 1780 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1510 1710 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2440 2770 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 73.5 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 71.9 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.4 11.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.8 7.7 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.5 7.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.85 0.97 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.81 0.92 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 42 47 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 88 100 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 27 31 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 0.77 0.87 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 0.82 0.93 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 92 105 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0023 0.0026 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 9.99 11.35 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0 0 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.254 0.289 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Available P cockerel 1.9 2.2 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.9 2.2 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.87 0.99 per kg - 0.06 0.81 -0.89 4 0.07 0.93 -1.13 12 UFV INRA 2007 0.83 0.94 per kg - 0.08 0.77 -0.85 4 0.09 0.87 -1.12 12 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 44 % 27-74 3 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 38 % 8 21-46 6 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1 0.052 0.004-0.145 6 DE growing pig (MJ) 11.3 12.8 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 10.7 12.2 MJ/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (MJ) 7.7 8.7 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 12 13.7 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 11.3 12.9 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.2 9.3 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 8.7 9.9 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.4 9.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.2 11.6 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.3 14 MJ/kg - 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 11.8 13.4 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.6 8.6 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 873 992 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 909 1032 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 72 81 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 36 41 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.9 4.4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.6 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 67.1 76.2 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.03 3.44 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.54 1.75 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.45 1.65 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.66 1.88 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.1 1.25 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 22 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 26 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.2 7 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 144 164 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 2 3 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 21.6 24.5 % - Vitamin A 0.09 0.1 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0.5 0.5 mg/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -