Dry matter 91.5 100 % - 2.9 84.5 -97.8 53 4.4 Crude protein 3.4 3.7 % - 1.3 1.2 -6.4 48 1.5 1.2 -6.9 51 Crude fibre 38.8 42.4 % - 6.9 24.5 -52.7 54 7.5 26.3 -59 48 Crude fat 1.5 1.6 % - 1.3 0.2 -5.1 35 1.4 0.2 -5.4 36 Ash 15.9 17.4 % - 3.9 3.8 -27.1 44 4.2 4.5 -26.5 51 Insoluble ash 14.5 15.9 % - 3.7 10.8 -22.8 15 4 11.6 -24.9 15 NDF 60.5 66.1 % - 10.4 43.3 -72.9 11 11.1 46 -80 20 ADF 44.1 48.2 % - 10.1 29.9 -60.7 11 10.9 31.6 -72 20 Lignin 14.2 15.5 % - 2.5 10.2 -17.9 6 2.7 10 -19.2 14 Water insoluble cell walls 62.8 68.6 % - Starch 5.3 5.8 % - 4.2 0.7 -14.7 23 4.6 0.8 -16.3 16 Total sugars 0 0 % - Gross energy (kcal) 3560 3890 kcal/kg - 300 3280 -3970 6 300 3520 -4320 7 Calcium 1.3 1.4 g/kg - 2.3 0.1 -12.2 24 2.5 0.1 -13.2 25 Phosphorus 1.5 1.6 g/kg - 1.9 0.3 -7 24 2 0.3 -7.3 25 Phytate phosphorus 1.3 1.4 g/kg 85 % P Magnesium 1 1.1 g/kg - 1.1 0.3 -3.9 16 1.1 0.3 -4.4 16 Potassium 4.3 4.7 g/kg - 3 1.5 -13.4 17 3.3 1.7 -15.9 17 Sodium 0.16 0.18 g/kg - 0.17 0.02 -0.4 5 0.18 0.02 -0.43 5 Chlorine 0.9 1 g/kg - 1 -1 3 Sulfur 0.7 0.8 g/kg - 1 1 Dietary cation-anion difference 48 52 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 94 102 mEq/kg - Manganese 404 442 mg/kg - 1 435 -448 2 Zinc 39 43 mg/kg - 1 1 Copper 1 2 mg/kg - 1 1 Iron 94 103 mg/kg - 52 -126 2 56 -149 2 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 1 1 Lysine 0.7 0.8 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N Threonine 1 1.1 g/kg 3 g/16g N Methionine 1 1.1 g/kg 3 g/16g N Cystine 0.6 0.7 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N Methionine + cystine 1.7 1.8 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N Tryptophan 2 2.2 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N Isoleucine 1.9 2.1 g/kg 5.6 g/16g N Valine 2.4 2.6 g/kg 7 g/16g N Leucine 3.3 3.7 g/kg 9.8 g/16g N Phenylalanine 2.1 2.3 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N Tyrosine 2.1 2.2 g/kg 6 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 4.2 4.5 g/kg 12.2 g/16g N Histidine 0.3 0.4 g/kg 1 g/16g N Arginine 1.8 2 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N Alanine 1.5 1.7 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N Aspartic acid 3.3 3.6 g/kg 9.5 g/16g N Glutamic acid 8 8.7 g/kg 23.3 g/16g N Glycine 1 1.1 g/kg 3 g/16g N Serine 1.6 1.8 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N Proline 1.9 2.1 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0.04 % FA 0.02-0.06 4 C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.9 2.1 g/kg 18.8 % FA 2.6 14.7-23.9 40 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.1 0-0.3 6 C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 2.1 % FA 0.5 0.9-3.7 40 C18:1 oleic acid 4.1 4.5 g/kg 39.9 % FA 3.3 28.9-45 40 C18:2 linoleic acid 3.7 4 g/kg 35.8 % FA 3.5 30-41 41 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.5 % FA 0.5 1-3.7 40 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.05 0.06 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.3 0-0.9 7 Fatty acids 1 1.1 % 70 % fat Vitamin E 61.1 66.7 mg/kg - 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 1170 1270 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 1090 1190 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 560 610 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 1560 1700 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 1400 1530 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 750 820 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 32.7 % OM digestibility growing pig - 38.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 0 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 43.7 % OM digestibility adult pig - 48.6 % N digestibility adult pig - 68.5 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.2 0.2 g/kg 12 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 500 550 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 490 530 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 11 12 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 19 21 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 29 32 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 880 970 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 30.9 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 37 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 0 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 55 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 60.6 % Absorbable P ruminants 0.9 1 g/kg 64 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 49 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 11 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 76 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.06 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 19 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 81 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.12 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 66 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 48 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 35 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.5 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.7 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 49 % Energy digestibility horse - 47.5 % Horse Forage Unit 0.52 0.57 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 0 0 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 770 840 kcal/kg - 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 750 810 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 21.6 % N digestibility rabbit - 54.3 % Gross energy (MJ) 14.9 16.3 MJ/kg - 1.3 13.7 -16.6 6 1.3 14.7 -18.1 7 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 0.8 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 57 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.28 0.31 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.19 0.21 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 8 9 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 43 47 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -48 -52 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.26 0.29 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.17 0.18 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 9 10 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 43 46 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -48 -52 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 460 510 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 300 320 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 840 920 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 35.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 29.5 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 52 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 77 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.9 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.5 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.7 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 3.7 4.1 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 2.1 2.2 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 1.3 1.5 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 64 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.23 0.25 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.14 0.15 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 10 11 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 44 48 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -50 -54 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.247 0.27 per kg - Cobalt 0.04 0.04 mg/kg - 1 1 Molybdenum 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - 1 1 C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.5-0.7 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.03-0.7 3 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.1-0.4 3 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.3 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.3 0.3 g/kg 18 % Available P cockerel 0.4 0.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.4 0.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.27 0.3 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.18 0.2 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 1630 1780 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 45.8 % N digestibility salmonids - 62.6 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.4 g/kg 51 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.6 g/kg 55 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 71 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 0.3 g/kg 48 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 62 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 56 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.3 1.4 g/kg 66 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 62 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.5 g/kg 67 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 71 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.5 g/kg 66 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3.1 g/kg 68 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.2 g/kg 64 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.5 g/kg 77 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.9 1 g/kg 58 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.2 g/kg 63 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.4 g/kg 73 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.5 g/kg 45 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 60 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1.2 1.3 g/kg 61 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.5 g/kg 63 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 59 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.8 g/kg 72 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.4 g/kg 61 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.2 g/kg 68 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.4 g/kg 64 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.4 g/kg 68 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.6 1.7 g/kg 65 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 66 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.4 1.6 g/kg 69 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.4 g/kg 61 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 2.9 g/kg 65 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.2 g/kg 64 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.4 g/kg 69 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 65 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.2 g/kg 63 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 5.5 6 g/kg 69 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 59 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 64 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.4 g/kg 66 % DE growing pig (MJ) 4.9 5.3 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 4.5 5 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 2.3 2.5 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 6.5 7.1 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 5.9 6.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 3.1 3.4 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 2.1 2.3 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 2 2.2 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 3.7 4 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 3.2 3.5 MJ/kg - 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 3.1 3.4 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 6.8 7.5 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 274 299 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 196 214 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 -10 -11 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -21 -23 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 0.3 0.4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.5 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 31.2 34.1 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 1.35 1.47 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.41 0.45 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 0.38 0.41 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0.32 0.35 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 0 0 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 48 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 55 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 1.9 2.1 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 49 54 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -2 -3 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 2.2 2.4 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -