Dry matter 92 100 % - 2.7 79.2 -97.3 249 4.1 Crude protein 44.6 48.4 % - 4.9 32.7 -54.8 256 5.1 36.6 -59.9 265 Crude fibre 6.6 7.2 % - 2.3 2.7 -13.9 236 2.5 3.1 -15 245 Crude fat 9.3 10.1 % - 3.3 5 -18.9 231 3.5 5.3 -20.1 242 Ash 5.4 5.9 % - 1 2.3 -8.9 222 1.1 2.4 -9.7 238 Insoluble ash 0.8 0.9 % - 0.5 0 -2 109 0.6 0 -2.2 110 NDF 16.7 18.2 % - 3 9.3 -22 32 3.2 9.8 -23.7 35 ADF 9.3 10.1 % - 3 4.9 -17 36 3.2 5.2 -18.3 41 Lignin 2.8 3.1 % - 1.2 0.5 -4.5 33 1.3 0.5 -4.9 36 Starch 8.1 8.8 % - 1 1 Total sugars 9.6 10.4 % - 1.6 8.3 -11.7 4 1.8 9 -12.7 6 Gross energy (kcal) 4770 5180 kcal/kg - 400 4500 -5400 7 400 4520 -6190 13 Calcium 1.2 1.3 g/kg - 0.7 0.3 -4.3 134 0.8 0.3 -4.8 140 Phosphorus 5.9 6.5 g/kg - 0.8 4.3 -7.9 132 0.9 4.8 -8.7 137 Phytate phosphorus 3.6 3.9 g/kg 60 % P 1 Magnesium 3.1 3.4 g/kg - 0.3 2.5 -3.7 81 0.3 2.6 -4 86 Potassium 12.3 13.4 g/kg - 1.6 9 -16.2 86 1.7 5 -17.1 90 Sodium 0.14 0.15 g/kg - 0.1 0.02 -0.3 8 0.11 0.02 -0.33 11 Chlorine 0.9 1 g/kg - Sulfur 3.2 3.5 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 94 102 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 295 321 mEq/kg - Manganese 41 44 mg/kg - 13 34 -57 10 14 23 -76 14 Zinc 57 62 mg/kg - 18 32 -63 10 19 35 -123 15 Copper 14 15 mg/kg - 3 11 -16 8 4 12 -23 13 Iron 767 833 mg/kg - 216 -1009 3 Selenium 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - 1 Cobalt 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Molybdenum 2 2 mg/kg - 1 -6 2 Iodine 0.5 0.5 mg/kg - Lysine 15.1 16.4 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 2 10.4 -17.7 13 2.1 11.6 -18.8 13 0.4 2.7-4.2 13 Threonine 12.3 13.4 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 1.4 10 -14.6 10 1.4 11.1 -15.8 12 0.3 2.6-3.7 12 Methionine 4.7 5.1 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 0.8 3.7 -6.2 6 0.8 4.1 -6.6 8 0.2 0.9-1.4 8 Cystine 5.4 5.8 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 4 -6.4 4 4.4 -7.2 4 0.9-1.4 4 Methionine + cystine 10.1 10.9 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 9 -12.1 4 9.9 -12.9 4 2-2.8 4 Tryptophan 4.6 5 g/kg 1 g/16g N 2.6 3.1 -9.8 7 2.9 3.2 -10.9 7 0.5 0.7-1.8 7 Isoleucine 14.6 15.8 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 1.2 13.6 -16.8 9 1.2 14.9 -18.7 11 0.2 2.9-3.8 11 Valine 17.7 19.3 g/kg 4 g/16g N 2.3 13.1 -21.5 10 2.5 14.6 -24 12 0.5 3.4-5.3 12 Leucine 28.4 30.9 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N 3.7 21.8 -34 10 3.9 24.3 -37.7 12 0.8 5.6-8.6 12 Phenylalanine 21.8 23.7 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 3.4 15.4 -26 9 3.7 17.2 -28.1 11 0.6 4-6.6 11 Tyrosine 16 17.4 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 3.9 11.4 -22.3 7 4.3 12.3 -24.9 8 0.8 2.9-5.1 8 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 37.8 41.1 g/kg 8.5 g/16g N 5.8 27.3 -47.6 8 6.2 30.4 -53 9 0.9 7.1-10.3 9 Histidine 10.3 11.2 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 1.2 8.5 -11.8 9 1.2 9 -12.8 11 0.3 1.9-3 11 Arginine 51.1 55.6 g/kg 11.5 g/16g N 5.6 46.1 -60 9 5.9 49.5 -66.3 11 0.7 11-13.4 11 Alanine 18.3 19.9 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 2.6 14 -23.2 7 2.8 15.6 -25.1 9 0.7 3.5-5.8 9 Aspartic acid 52.5 57.1 g/kg 11.8 g/16g N 8.3 39.6 -64.4 7 8.9 44.1 -71.7 8 1.7 10.2-16.2 8 Glutamic acid 85.8 93.3 g/kg 19.3 g/16g N 13.5 64.6 -111 7 14.4 71.9 -120 9 3.3 16.7-27.9 9 Glycine 25.7 27.9 g/kg 5.8 g/16g N 3.9 20 -32.8 7 4.1 22.3 -36.5 9 0.7 5.2-7.6 9 Serine 21.7 23.6 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 3.3 17.5 -26.3 7 3.6 19.2 -29.3 9 0.6 4.5-6.6 9 Proline 17 18.4 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 3.8 11.5 -19.8 5 4.1 12.8 -25 7 0.9 2.5-4.8 7 C14:0 myristic acid 0.09 0.09 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.04-0.2 2 C16:0 palmitic acid 7.4 8 g/kg 10.6 % FA 1 1 1.2 7.5-13.2 117 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.07-0.2 2 C18:0 stearic acid 2.3 2.5 g/kg 3.3 % FA 1 1 0.8 1.7-5.5 117 C18:1 oleic acid 33.9 36.9 g/kg 48.8 % FA 1 1 6.7 39.3-71.1 117 C18:2 linoleic acid 20.2 21.9 g/kg 29 % FA 1 1 4.9 17.7-36.9 117 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.09 0.1 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 2 C20:0 arachidic acid 1.1 1.2 g/kg 1.6 % FA 1 1 0.4 0.5-2.5 117 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 1.2 % FA 0.3 0-2.1 117 C22:0 behenic acid 2.3 2.5 g/kg 3.4 % FA 0.8 0-5.9 117 C24:0 lignoceric acid 1.2 1.3 g/kg 1.7 % FA 0.3 0.5-2.5 116 Fatty acids 7 7.6 % 75 % fat Vitamin E 2.7 2.9 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 7.1 7.7 mg/kg - 1 1 Vitamin B2 riboflavin 5.2 5.7 mg/kg - 1 1 Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 7.4 8 mg/kg - 1 1 Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 166 180 mg/kg - 1 1 Pantothenic acid 47 51.1 mg/kg - 1 1 Folic acid 0.7 0.8 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 1848 2009 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3870 4200 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 3590 3900 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 2390 2600 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3980 4320 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3670 3990 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2460 2680 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 81.1 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 82.1 % N digestibility growing pig - 85 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 77 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 71.4 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 83.4 % OM digestibility adult pig - 84.7 % N digestibility adult pig - 86.5 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.8 1.9 g/kg 30 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3070 3340 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2970 3230 kcal/kg - Available P broiler 0.6 0.6 g/kg 10 % P PDIA INRA 2007 147 160 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 310 337 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 190 207 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2980 3240 kcal/kg - 3180 -3380 2 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 82.7 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 81.1 % N digestibility ruminants - 78.4 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 76.5 % Absorbable P ruminants 3.9 4.3 g/kg 66 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 67 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 16 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 80 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.105 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 63 % 1 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 23 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 66 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.09 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.3 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.3 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.1 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 82.7 % 1 Energy digestibility horse - 79.5 % Horse Forage Unit 0.99 1.07 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 364 395 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3730 4050 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 3290 3580 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 78.2 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 81.3 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.3 13.3 g/kg 81 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.9 10.7 g/kg 80 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.5 g/kg 89 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.2 g/kg 72 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9 g/kg 80 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.3 g/kg 87 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.7 13.8 g/kg 87 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.6 17 g/kg 88 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 24.7 26.9 g/kg 87 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.8 21.5 g/kg 91 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.6 15.8 g/kg 91 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 34.4 37.4 g/kg 91 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.3 9.1 g/kg 81 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 46 50 g/kg 90 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.4 16.7 g/kg 84 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 45.7 49.7 g/kg 87 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 76.4 83 g/kg 89 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.2 20.9 g/kg 75 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 18.2 19.8 g/kg 84 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 14.8 16 g/kg 87 % Gross energy (MJ) 20 21.7 MJ/kg - 1.7 18.8 -22.6 7 1.7 18.9 -25.9 13 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 0.7 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 71 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.18 1.28 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.16 1.27 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 105 114 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 154 168 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 239 260 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.15 1.25 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.13 1.23 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 125 136 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 172 187 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 220 239 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2020 2200 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1990 2160 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3090 3360 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 79.8 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 81.3 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.1 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.4 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.9 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.4 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 13.7 14.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.1 9.8 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.1 9.8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 63 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.1 1.19 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.07 1.16 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 152 165 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 198 215 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 192 209 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.266 0.289 per kg - Water insoluble cell walls 16 17.3 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.07 0.07 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.2 2 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 C22:1 erucic acid 0.9 1 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.7 0.3-2.6 9 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.7 2.9 g/kg 45 % Available P cockerel 0.6 0.6 g/kg 10 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.08 1.18 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.04 1.13 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 3450 3750 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 72.3 % N digestibility salmonids - 87.4 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 12.1 13.1 g/kg 80 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 10.5 g/kg 79 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.4 g/kg 85 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.5 g/kg 78 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 8.4 9.1 g/kg 81 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4 g/kg 80 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 12 13.1 g/kg 82 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 14.4 15.7 g/kg 81 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 24 26.1 g/kg 85 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 18.6 20.2 g/kg 85 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 13.4 14.6 g/kg 84 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 32 34.8 g/kg 85 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.4 g/kg 84 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 45.5 49.5 g/kg 89 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 14.7 16 g/kg 80 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 42.8 46.5 g/kg 81 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 74.8 81.4 g/kg 87 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 20.2 22 g/kg 79 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 17.8 19.3 g/kg 82 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 14 15.2 g/kg 82 % DE growing pig (MJ) 16.2 17.6 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 15 16.3 MJ/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (MJ) 10 10.9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 16.6 18.1 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 15.4 16.7 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 10.3 11.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 12.8 14 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 12.4 13.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 12.5 13.6 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 15.6 17 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 13.8 15 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 14.4 15.7 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1080 1174 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1140 1239 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 176 191 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 216 234 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.6 3.9 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.2 1.3 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 77 83.7 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.85 4.18 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.1 2.28 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.99 2.16 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.19 2.38 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.53 1.66 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 30 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 37 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.6 8.3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 272 296 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 28 30 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 4.8 5.3 % - 4.7 -5.8 2 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -