Dry matter
91.5
100
%
-
1.9
86.7 -96.4
85
3
Crude protein
7.1
7.8
%
-
1.7
4 -11.5
87
1.9
4.3 -12.8
88
Crude fibre
26.3
28.7
%
-
4.3
20 -38.8
82
4.7
21.4 -41.3
81
Crude fat
6.5
7.2
%
-
1.8
5 -12.9
64
1.9
5.3 -13.9
64
Ash
15.8
17.3
%
-
3.4
9.1 -23.4
78
3.7
3.5 -25.1
80
Insoluble ash
13.6
14.9
%
-
2.1
8.9 -17.8
46
2.3
9.5 -19
46
NDF
45.1
49.3
%
-
5.8
33.6 -56.8
22
6.3
36 -61.2
24
ADF
30.3
33.2
%
-
5.8
20.2 -41.6
22
6.3
21.7 -46
23
Lignin
9.9
10.8
%
-
2.2
7.1 -12.2
16
2.4
7.6 -17.9
18
Water insoluble cell walls
46.8
51.2
%
-
Starch
14.8
16.1
%
-
4.6
6.6 -25.2
25
5.1
7.1 -28.1
24
Total sugars
1.9
2.1
%
-
0.5
1 -2.6
8
0.6
1 -2.8
8
Gross energy (kcal)
3900
4260
kcal/kg
-
270
3700 -4550
16
280
3940 -4880
17
Calcium
0.8
0.9
g/kg
-
0.3
0.2 -1.6
46
0.3
0.2 -1.7
46
Phosphorus
5.1
5.6
g/kg
-
1.2
2.6 -7.9
48
1.3
2.8 -8.2
48
Phytate phosphorus
4.3
4.7
g/kg
85
% P
Magnesium
2.5
2.7
g/kg
-
0.6
1.3 -3.4
25
0.6
1.4 -3.7
25
Potassium
6.3
6.9
g/kg
-
1.7
2.7 -8.9
24
1.8
2.9 -10.3
24
Sodium
0.27
0.3
g/kg
-
1
1
Chlorine
1.1
1.2
g/kg
-
Sulfur
1.5
1.6
g/kg
-
Dietary cation-anion difference
53
58
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
144
157
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
102
112
mg/kg
-
45
23 -140
5
49
25 -148
5
Zinc
36
39
mg/kg
-
24 -47
4
25 -51
4
Copper
6
7
mg/kg
-
4 -7
4
5 -8
4
Cobalt
0.3
0.4
mg/kg
-
0.2 -0.5
4
0.2 -0.5
4
Lysine
2.7
2.9
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
Threonine
2.5
2.7
g/kg
3.5
g/16g N
Methionine
1.7
1.9
g/kg
2.4
g/16g N
Cystine
1.1
1.2
g/kg
1.5
g/16g N
Methionine + cystine
2.8
3.1
g/kg
4
g/16g N
Tryptophan
2.1
2.3
g/kg
3
g/16g N
Isoleucine
3.7
4.1
g/kg
5.2
g/16g N
Valine
4.3
4.7
g/kg
6
g/16g N
Leucine
5.6
6.1
g/kg
7.9
g/16g N
Phenylalanine
3.6
4
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
Tyrosine
3.1
3.4
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
6.8
7.4
g/kg
9.5
g/16g N
Histidine
1.5
1.6
g/kg
2.1
g/16g N
Arginine
4.9
5.3
g/kg
6.8
g/16g N
Alanine
4
4.4
g/kg
5.6
g/16g N
Aspartic acid
6.5
7.1
g/kg
9.1
g/16g N
Glutamic acid
12
13.1
g/kg
16.8
g/16g N
Glycine
3.2
3.5
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
Serine
3.3
3.6
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
Proline
3.6
4
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
C12:0 lauric acid
0.02
0.02
g/kg
0.04
% FA
0.02-0.06
4
C14:0 myristic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
0.4
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
8
C16:0 palmitic acid
9.8
10.8
g/kg
18.8
% FA
2.6
14.7-23.9
40
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.09
0.1
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.1
0-0.3
6
C18:0 stearic acid
1.1
1.2
g/kg
2.1
% FA
0.5
0.9-3.7
40
C18:1 oleic acid
20.9
22.9
g/kg
39.9
% FA
3.3
28.9-45
40
C18:2 linoleic acid
18.7
20.5
g/kg
35.8
% FA
3.5
30-41
41
C18:3 linolenic acid
0.8
0.8
g/kg
1.5
% FA
0.5
1-3.7
40
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.3
0.3
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
7
Fatty acids
5.2
5.7
%
80
% fat
Vitamin E
50.3
54.9
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
28.1
30.7
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
2.9
3.1
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
41.5
45.4
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Niacin
347
379
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
75.4
82.5
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0
0
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.4
0.4
mg/kg
-
Choline
1153
1261
mg/kg
-
Phytase activity
120
130
IU/kg
-
DE growing pig (kcal)
1910
2090
kcal/kg
-
ME growing pig (kcal)
1830
2010
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
1240
1360
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
2160
2370
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
2030
2220
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
1370
1500
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
49.1
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
53.7
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
13.7
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
58.4
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
55.5
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
60.3
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
34.8
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
0.6
0.7
g/kg
12
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
1370
1500
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
1310
1430
kcal/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
16
18
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
43
47
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
38
42
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
1430
1560
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
45.1
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
50.3
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
40.8
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
65
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
75.6
%
Absorbable P ruminants
3.3
3.6
g/kg
64
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
68
%
1
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
42
%
1
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
41
%
1
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.105
h-1
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
73
%
Immediately degradable starch (a)
-
19
%
Potentially degradable starch (b)
-
81
%
Degradation rate of particles starch (c)
-
0.12
h-1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
66
%
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
48
%
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
35
%
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.065
h-1
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.4
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.1
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.5
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.3
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
43.1
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
42
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.49
0.54
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
26
28
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
1550
1690
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
1490
1630
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
39.8
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
60.8
%
Gross energy (MJ)
16.3
17.8
MJ/kg
-
1.1
15.5 -19
16
1.2
16.5 -20.4
17
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.4
0.5
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
57
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
0.49
0.54
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
0.4
0.43
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
14
16
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
52
57
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
-22
-24
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
0.47
0.51
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
0.37
0.41
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
16
17
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
52
57
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
-22
-25
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
830
900
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
650
710
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1410
1550
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
48.9
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
43.7
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
66
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
75
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.8
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.3
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.9
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.4
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
5.9
6.4
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
3.4
3.7
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
2.7
3
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
64
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.43
0.47
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.33
0.36
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
18
20
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
54
59
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-25
-27
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.247
0.27
per kg
-
Iron
1132
1238
mg/kg
-
Selenium
0.1
0.2
mg/kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.3
0.3
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.5-0.7
2
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0.2
0.3
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.03-0.7
3
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.1-0.4
3
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
0.3
% FA
1
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
0.9
1
g/kg
18
%
Available P cockerel
1.3
1.4
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
1.3
1.4
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.47
0.51
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
0.37
0.4
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
2010
2190
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
51.5
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
76.6
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
2.1
2.3
g/kg
80
%
1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
1.9
2.1
g/kg
79
%
1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
1.4
1.6
g/kg
82
%
1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
0.9
0.9
g/kg
78
%
1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
2.3
2.5
g/kg
80
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.7
1.9
g/kg
81
%
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
3
3.3
g/kg
82
%
1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
3.5
3.8
g/kg
81
%
1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
4.6
5.1
g/kg
83
%
1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
3
3.3
g/kg
82
%
1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
2.6
2.8
g/kg
82
%
79-84
3
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
5.5
6.1
g/kg
82
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
1.2
1.4
g/kg
84
%
1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
4.4
4.8
g/kg
91
%
1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
3.3
3.6
g/kg
82
%
1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
5
5.5
g/kg
78
%
1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
10.4
11.4
g/kg
87
%
1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
2.6
2.8
g/kg
81
%
1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
2.7
2.9
g/kg
81
%
1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
2.4
2.6
g/kg
67
%
62-71
2
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.8
2
g/kg
69
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.6
1.8
g/kg
65
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.3
1.4
g/kg
76
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
0.7
0.8
g/kg
65
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
2
2.2
g/kg
72
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.5
1.6
g/kg
70
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.7
3
g/kg
73
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
3
3.3
g/kg
71
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
4
4.4
g/kg
72
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.7
2.9
g/kg
74
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.1
2.3
g/kg
68
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.8
5.3
g/kg
71
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
1
1.1
g/kg
70
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.6
3.9
g/kg
74
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.8
3.1
g/kg
71
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
4.4
4.8
g/kg
68
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
8.9
9.8
g/kg
75
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.1
2.3
g/kg
66
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.3
2.5
g/kg
69
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
2.6
2.8
g/kg
71
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
8
8.8
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
7.7
8.4
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
5.2
5.7
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
9.1
9.9
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
8.5
9.3
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
5.7
6.3
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
5.7
6.3
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
5.5
6
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
6
6.5
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
6.5
7.1
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
6.2
6.8
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
8.4
9.2
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
465
508
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
401
439
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
7
8
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
7
8
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
1.1
1.2
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
0.8
0.9
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
46.4
50.8
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
2.03
2.22
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
0.89
0.97
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
0.83
0.91
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
0.9
0.98
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
0.4
0.43
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
30
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
34
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
3.3
3.6
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
82
89
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-2
-2
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
11.9
13.1
%
-
Vitamin A
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin K
0.02
0.02
mg/kg
-
Vitamin C
0
0
mg/kg
-