Dry matter
90
100
%
-
2.2
83.1 -95.3
160
3.4
Crude protein
11.1
12.3
%
-
2.2
5.6 -17
162
2.5
6.3 -19.1
169
Crude fibre
14.6
16.3
%
-
2.5
11.1 -19.7
141
2.8
12.2 -22.3
145
Crude fat
12.7
14.1
%
-
5.1
5.1 -26.3
127
5.6
5.7 -29
131
Ash
11.4
12.7
%
-
2.6
4.5 -17.8
129
2.9
5 -18.9
132
Insoluble ash
6.5
7.2
%
-
2.9
0.3 -12.3
68
3.2
0.3 -13.7
70
NDF
30.5
33.9
%
-
5.3
21 -42.2
35
5.9
23.8 -46.4
38
ADF
17.5
19.5
%
-
3.9
10.1 -23.6
36
4.3
11.9 -26.1
38
Lignin
5.9
6.6
%
-
1.8
2.6 -9.6
23
2
3.1 -10.7
25
Water insoluble cell walls
31.7
35.2
%
-
29 -40.6
3
Starch
23.9
26.5
%
-
9
10.8 -47.5
38
9.9
12.1 -56.9
38
Total sugars
1.4
1.6
%
-
1
0.4 -3
9
1.1
0.4 -3.2
9
Gross energy (kcal)
4300
4780
kcal/kg
-
620
3140 -5680
20
680
3400 -6360
23
Calcium
0.8
0.9
g/kg
-
0.4
0.2 -2.1
88
0.4
0.2 -2.5
89
Phosphorus
11.1
12.3
g/kg
-
4.6
0.6 -20.5
88
5.1
0.7 -23
89
Phytate phosphorus
9.4
10.5
g/kg
85
% P
Magnesium
4.7
5.2
g/kg
-
1.5
2.2 -7.8
49
1.7
2.4 -8.6
50
Potassium
9.7
10.8
g/kg
-
2.6
5 -14.3
51
2.9
6 -16.1
51
Sodium
0.19
0.21
g/kg
-
0.17 -0.21
3
0.2 -0.24
3
Chlorine
1
1.2
g/kg
-
Sulfur
1.4
1.6
g/kg
-
Dietary cation-anion difference
140
155
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
229
254
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
143
159
mg/kg
-
36
130 -207
5
40
139 -230
5
Zinc
49
55
mg/kg
-
6
39 -61
7
7
43 -65
7
Copper
8
9
mg/kg
-
2
6 -12
7
2
7 -13
7
Iron
1114
1238
mg/kg
-
1224 -1252
2
Cobalt
0.4
0.5
mg/kg
-
0.3 -0.5
4
0.3 -0.5
4
Lysine
4.7
5.2
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
1.3
3.1 -7.5
12
1.4
3.4 -8.4
12
0.5
3.8-5.3
12
Threonine
4
4.5
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
1
2.5 -5.7
12
1.1
2.8 -6.4
12
0.5
3.2-4.8
12
Methionine
2.5
2.7
g/kg
2.2
g/16g N
0.4
1.5 -2.8
11
0.5
1.7 -3.2
11
0.4
1.7-3
11
Cystine
1.6
1.8
g/kg
1.5
g/16g N
0.6
0.7 -2.6
8
0.6
0.8 -2.8
8
0.4
1-2.1
8
Methionine + cystine
4.1
4.5
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
0.9
2.2 -5.1
8
1
2.5 -5.5
8
0.5
3-4.3
8
Tryptophan
2.2
2.5
g/kg
2
g/16g N
0.6
1.4 -3.1
7
0.6
1.6 -3.5
7
0.8
1.3-3.4
7
Isoleucine
5.7
6.3
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
1.5
3.6 -8.2
11
1.6
4.1 -9.2
11
1.2
3.3-6.8
11
Valine
6.2
6.9
g/kg
5.6
g/16g N
1.3
4.4 -7.9
12
1.4
4.8 -8.8
12
0.6
4.8-6.7
12
Leucine
8
8.8
g/kg
7.2
g/16g N
1.3
5 -9.4
11
1.5
5.5 -10.6
11
0.6
6.3-8.3
11
Phenylalanine
5.3
5.8
g/kg
4.7
g/16g N
1.1
3.4 -7
12
1.2
3.8 -7.8
12
0.3
4.1-5
12
Tyrosine
4.3
4.8
g/kg
3.9
g/16g N
0.6
2.5 -4.4
11
0.6
3 -5
11
0.6
2.3-4.7
11
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
9.5
10.6
g/kg
8.6
g/16g N
1.6
6.1 -10.5
11
1.8
7.2 -11.8
11
0.8
6.8-9.8
11
Histidine
2.7
3
g/kg
2.4
g/16g N
0.9
1.5 -4.8
12
1
1.7 -5.4
12
0.3
2-3.1
12
Arginine
8.1
9
g/kg
7.3
g/16g N
2.4
4.1 -11.6
12
2.6
4.5 -13
12
1.1
5.1-8.6
12
Alanine
6.6
7.4
g/kg
6
g/16g N
1.3
4.3 -8.5
12
1.5
4.9 -9.6
12
0.6
5.2-7.2
12
Aspartic acid
9.8
10.9
g/kg
8.9
g/16g N
2
5.7 -12.6
11
2.3
6.4 -14.1
11
1.1
7.7-11.3
11
Glutamic acid
16.2
18
g/kg
14.6
g/16g N
3.5
5 -16.7
11
3.8
5.9 -18.4
11
2.3
7.1-16.1
11
Glycine
5.5
6.1
g/kg
4.9
g/16g N
1.2
3.5 -7.3
11
1.3
4.1 -8.2
11
0.5
4.3-6.2
11
Serine
5.1
5.7
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
1.1
3.1 -6.4
12
1.2
3.5 -7.2
12
0.5
3.9-5.7
12
Proline
5.4
6
g/kg
4.9
g/16g N
1.1
4.2 -7.6
11
1.2
4.7 -8.5
11
1.1
3.9-7.8
11
C12:0 lauric acid
0.04
0.05
g/kg
0.04
% FA
0.02-0.06
4
C14:0 myristic acid
0.4
0.4
g/kg
0.4
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
8
C16:0 palmitic acid
19.1
21.2
g/kg
18.8
% FA
2.6
14.7-23.9
40
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.1
0-0.3
6
C18:0 stearic acid
2.1
2.3
g/kg
2.1
% FA
0.5
0.9-3.7
40
C18:1 oleic acid
40.5
45
g/kg
39.9
% FA
3.3
28.9-45
40
C18:2 linoleic acid
36.3
40.4
g/kg
35.8
% FA
3.5
30-41
41
C18:3 linolenic acid
1.5
1.7
g/kg
1.5
% FA
0.5
1-3.7
40
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.5
0.6
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
7
Fatty acids
10.1
11.3
%
80
% fat
Vitamin E
49.5
54.9
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
27.6
30.7
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
2.8
3.1
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
40.9
45.4
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Niacin
342
379
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
74.2
82.5
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0
0
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.4
0.4
mg/kg
-
Choline
1135
1261
mg/kg
-
Phytase activity
120
130
IU/kg
-
DE growing pig (kcal)
2790
3100
kcal/kg
-
1
ME growing pig (kcal)
2690
2990
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2040
2260
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
2970
3300
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
2830
3150
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2130
2370
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
64.8
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
68.3
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
45
%
1
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
72.2
%
1
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
68.9
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
72.8
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
54.7
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
1.3
1.5
g/kg
12
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2290
2540
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2200
2450
kcal/kg
-
350
2220 -3070
5
PDIA INRA 2007
29
33
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
71
78
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
54
60
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2080
2310
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
59.1
%
1
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
62
%
1
N digestibility ruminants
-
58
%
1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
75
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
77.4
%
Absorbable P ruminants
7.1
7.9
g/kg
64
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
68
%
1
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
42
%
1
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
41
%
1
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.105
h-1
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
73
%
Immediately degradable starch (a)
-
19
%
Potentially degradable starch (b)
-
81
%
Degradation rate of particles starch (c)
-
0.12
h-1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
66
%
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
48
%
1
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
35
%
1
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.065
h-1
1
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.4
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.1
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.5
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.2
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.2
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.3
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
61
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
58.9
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.76
0.85
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
54
60
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
2540
2820
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
2460
2730
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
59
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
56.8
%
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
3.9
g/kg
74
%
1
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.7
3
g/kg
67
%
1
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.8
2
g/kg
72
%
1
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.1
1.2
g/kg
69
%
1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.9
3.2
g/kg
71
%
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.9
4.3
g/kg
68
%
1
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.1
4.6
g/kg
66
%
1
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.5
6.1
g/kg
69
%
1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
3.9
g/kg
67
%
1
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
2
2.2
g/kg
74
%
1
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.3
7
g/kg
78
%
1
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.9
5.4
g/kg
74
%
1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
7
7.8
g/kg
71
%
1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
12.2
13.5
g/kg
75
%
1
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.9
4.4
g/kg
72
%
1
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.7
4.1
g/kg
72
%
1
Gross energy (MJ)
18
20
MJ/kg
-
2.6
13.1 -23.8
20
2.9
14.2 -26.6
23
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.4
0.5
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
57
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
0.76
0.84
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
0.68
0.76
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
26
28
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
66
73
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
1
1
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
0.73
0.82
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
0.65
0.73
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
28
31
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
67
74
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
0.1
0.2
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1290
1430
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1150
1280
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2100
2330
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
60.6
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
57.7
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
66
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
75
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.6
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.3
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.8
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.3
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.2
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.3
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8.8
9.7
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
5.4
6
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
4.8
5.3
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
64
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.69
0.76
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.6
0.67
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
32
36
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
70
77
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-4
-4
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.243
0.27
per kg
-
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.6
1.7
g/kg
70
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.8
3.1
g/kg
65
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.3
7
g/kg
66
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
3.8
4.3
g/kg
71
%
Selenium
0.1
0.2
mg/kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.6
0.7
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.5-0.7
2
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0.5
0.5
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.03-0.7
3
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.3
0.3
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.1-0.4
3
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0.3
0.3
g/kg
0.3
% FA
1
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
2
2.2
g/kg
18
%
Available P cockerel
2.8
3.1
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
2.8
3.1
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.71
0.79
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
0.63
0.7
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
2450
2720
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
56.9
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
81.3
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
3.8
4.2
g/kg
80
%
1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
3.2
3.5
g/kg
79
%
1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
2
2.2
g/kg
82
%
1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
1.3
1.4
g/kg
78
%
1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
3.3
3.6
g/kg
80
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.8
2
g/kg
81
%
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
4.6
5.1
g/kg
82
%
1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
5.1
5.6
g/kg
81
%
1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
6.6
7.3
g/kg
83
%
1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
4.3
4.8
g/kg
82
%
1
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
3.5
3.9
g/kg
82
%
79-84
3
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
7.8
8.6
g/kg
82
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
2.3
2.5
g/kg
84
%
1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
7.3
8.1
g/kg
91
%
1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
5.4
6
g/kg
82
%
1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
7.6
8.5
g/kg
78
%
1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
14.1
15.7
g/kg
87
%
1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
4.4
4.9
g/kg
81
%
1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
4.1
4.6
g/kg
81
%
1
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
3.6
4
g/kg
67
%
62-71
2
DE growing pig (MJ)
11.7
13
MJ/kg
-
1
ME growing pig (MJ)
11.3
12.5
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
8.5
9.5
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
12.4
13.8
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
11.9
13.2
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
8.9
9.9
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
9.6
10.6
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
9.2
10.2
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
8.7
9.7
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
10.6
11.8
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
10.3
11.4
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
10.3
11.4
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
712
791
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
688
764
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
28
31
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
32
35
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
1.7
1.9
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
0.9
1
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
64.1
71.2
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
2.83
3.15
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.47
1.63
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.38
1.54
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.51
1.68
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
0.96
1.06
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
30
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
34
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
5
5.6
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
121
135
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-2
-2
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
21.4
23.7
%
-
9.6
4.2 -29.3
8
10.6
4.7 -31.9
9
Vitamin A
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin K
0.02
0.02
mg/kg
-
Vitamin C
0
0
mg/kg
-