Dry matter
88.9
100
%
-
1.7
80.4 -95.1
198
2.6
Crude protein
14.5
16.4
%
-
2.2
4.8 -18.7
200
2.5
5.1 -21.2
202
Crude fibre
13.5
15.2
%
-
1.8
11.1 -19.9
187
2
12.3 -22.4
189
Crude fat
1.2
1.3
%
-
1
0.2 -4.9
163
1.1
0.2 -5.8
165
Ash
12.3
13.8
%
-
1.9
3.7 -16
138
2.1
4.1 -19
139
Insoluble ash
3
3.3
%
-
2.7
0.2 -6.3
25
3
0.2 -12.8
31
NDF
29
32.6
%
-
6.6
19.3 -51.4
28
7.4
21.2 -57.7
33
ADF
16.3
18.3
%
-
4.5
11.6 -28.3
28
5.1
11.6 -31.8
33
Lignin
5.6
6.2
%
-
1.5
4.2 -10.1
36
1.6
3.3 -11.3
41
Water insoluble cell walls
30.1
33.9
%
-
1
Starch
23.4
26.4
%
-
2.5
16.3 -33.3
151
2.8
18 -37.2
149
Total sugars
2.3
2.6
%
-
1.2
1.1 -4.7
13
1.3
1.2 -5.3
13
Gross energy (kcal)
3650
4110
kcal/kg
-
270
3540 -4590
11
300
3800 -5040
14
Calcium
1.2
1.4
g/kg
-
0.7
0.3 -2.5
19
0.8
0.3 -2.8
21
Phosphorus
15.2
17.1
g/kg
-
5.8
1.5 -25.8
51
6.5
1.7 -28.4
53
Phytate phosphorus
12.9
14.5
g/kg
85
% P
1
1
1
Magnesium
3.2
3.6
g/kg
-
2.8
0.6 -7.3
14
3.2
0.7 -9.6
15
Potassium
6.8
7.7
g/kg
-
5.9
1.1 -14.4
14
6.7
1.2 -18.3
15
Sodium
0.27
0.31
g/kg
-
0.23
0.09 -0.54
5
0.26
0.1 -0.6
5
Chlorine
0.7
0.8
g/kg
-
0.2
0.3 -1
12
0.2
0.3 -1.1
12
Sulfur
1.8
2
g/kg
-
0.1
1.6 -1.9
5
0.2
1.8 -2.1
5
Dietary cation-anion difference
58
65
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
168
189
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
134
151
mg/kg
-
24
105 -158
5
27
116 -174
6
Zinc
70
79
mg/kg
-
17
50 -95
5
19
55 -105
6
Copper
10
11
mg/kg
-
1
9 -12
5
1
10 -13
5
Iron
2271
2556
mg/kg
-
871
1429 -3496
5
979
1597 -3859
5
Selenium
0.1
0.2
mg/kg
-
0.05
0.09 -0.2
5
0.05
0.1 -0.2
5
Cobalt
0.9
1
mg/kg
-
0.4
0.5 -1
5
0.4
0.5 -2
5
Molybdenum
0.9
1
mg/kg
-
0
1 -1
5
Iodine
0.3
0.4
mg/kg
-
0.1
0.2 -0.5
5
0.2
0.2 -0.5
5
Lysine
6.5
7.3
g/kg
4.5
g/16g N
1.2
4.1 -8.3
11
1.3
4.9 -9.4
11
0.5
2.7-4.6
11
Threonine
5.4
6.1
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
1.6
1.6 -7.2
11
1.8
1.7 -8.2
11
0.4
3.1-4.3
11
Methionine
3.1
3.5
g/kg
2.1
g/16g N
0.7
1.3 -3.6
12
0.8
1.4 -4.1
12
0.3
1.6-2.7
12
Cystine
2.1
2.3
g/kg
1.4
g/16g N
0.8
0.6 -3.6
12
0.9
0.6 -4.1
12
0.3
1.2-2.2
12
Methionine + cystine
5.2
5.8
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
1.5
1.9 -7.2
12
1.7
2 -8.2
12
0.4
2.8-4.4
12
Tryptophan
2.3
2.6
g/kg
1.6
g/16g N
2 -2.7
3
1.1-2.2
3
Isoleucine
7.4
8.3
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
1.7
5.2 -9.4
9
1.9
5.8 -11.7
9
Valine
8
9
g/kg
5.5
g/16g N
1.8
3.1 -9.2
11
2
3.3 -10.4
11
0.8
4.1-6.9
11
Leucine
10.1
11.3
g/kg
6.9
g/16g N
2.8
2.8 -12.2
11
3.2
3 -13.9
11
0.8
5.3-7.9
11
Phenylalanine
6.7
7.5
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
1.8
2.2 -7.9
11
2
2.3 -9.2
11
0.5
3.6-5.2
11
Tyrosine
5.3
5.9
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
1.2
2 -6.2
11
1.4
2.1 -7.7
11
0.5
2.4-4.1
11
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
12
13.5
g/kg
8.2
g/16g N
3
4.1 -13.6
11
3.3
4.4 -16.9
11
0.8
6.6-8.8
11
Histidine
3.8
4.3
g/kg
2.6
g/16g N
1.1
1 -4.6
11
1.2
1.1 -5.2
11
0.4
1.8-2.8
11
Arginine
10.9
12.3
g/kg
7.5
g/16g N
3.6
1 -13.1
9
4
1.1 -14.9
9
Alanine
8.9
10.1
g/kg
6.1
g/16g N
2.5
2.6 -11.7
10
2.8
2.8 -13.3
10
0.6
4.3-6.7
10
Aspartic acid
12.8
14.4
g/kg
8.8
g/16g N
3.7
4 -16.5
10
4.2
4.3 -18.7
10
0.9
6.5-9.7
10
Glutamic acid
19.9
22.4
g/kg
13.7
g/16g N
5.2
6.4 -22.9
10
5.9
6.8 -26.8
10
Glycine
7.5
8.4
g/kg
5.2
g/16g N
2.2
2.2 -9.6
11
2.5
2.3 -11.5
11
0.5
4.2-5.5
11
Serine
6.7
7.5
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
1.8
2 -8
10
2
2.1 -9.1
10
0.6
3.3-5.1
10
Proline
7
7.9
g/kg
4.8
g/16g N
2.6
3.5 -8.6
5
2.9
3.7 -10.7
5
1.2
4.2-7.2
5
C12:0 lauric acid
0
0
g/kg
0.04
% FA
0.02-0.06
4
C14:0 myristic acid
0.03
0.03
g/kg
0.4
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
8
C16:0 palmitic acid
1.5
1.7
g/kg
18.8
% FA
2.6
14.7-23.9
40
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.01
0.02
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.1
0-0.3
6
C18:0 stearic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
2.1
% FA
0.05
0.09 -0.2
5
0.05
0.1 -0.2
5
0.5
0.9-3.7
40
C18:1 oleic acid
3.3
3.7
g/kg
39.9
% FA
3.3
28.9-45
40
C18:2 linoleic acid
2.9
3.3
g/kg
35.8
% FA
3.5
30-41
41
C18:3 linolenic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
1.5
% FA
0.04
0.09 -0.2
5
0.04
0.1 -0.2
5
0.5
1-3.7
40
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.04
0.05
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
7
Fatty acids
0.8
0.9
%
70
% fat
5
63-74
5
Vitamin E
48.8
54.9
mg/kg
-
1
Vitamin B1 thiamin
27.3
30.7
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
2.8
3.1
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
40.4
45.4
mg/kg
-
Niacin
337
379
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
73.3
82.5
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0
0
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.3
0.4
mg/kg
-
Choline
1121
1261
mg/kg
-
DE growing pig (kcal)
2390
2680
kcal/kg
-
1
2140 -2820
3
ME growing pig (kcal)
2270
2560
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
1510
1700
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
2560
2880
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
2390
2690
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
1610
1810
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
65.3
%
53.2-72
3
OM digestibility growing pig
-
68.9
%
1
N digestibility growing pig
-
47.5
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
0
%
1
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
69.9
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
73.4
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
54.5
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
1.8
2.1
g/kg
12
%
1
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
1710
1920
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
1660
1870
kcal/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
62
70
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
98
110
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
90
101
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
1650
1850
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
55.7
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
60.4
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
63.3
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
75
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
56.5
%
Absorbable P ruminants
9.7
10.9
g/kg
64
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
49
%
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
11
%
1
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
76
%
1
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.06
h-1
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
73
%
Immediately degradable starch (a)
-
19
%
Potentially degradable starch (b)
-
81
%
Degradation rate of particles starch (c)
-
0.12
h-1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
66
%
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
48
%
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
35
%
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.065
h-1
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.2
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.8
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.5
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.2
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.3
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.6
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
63.3
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
61.1
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.65
0.73
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
87
98
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
2150
2420
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
2030
2280
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
58.7
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
63.7
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
5.2
5.9
g/kg
80
%
1
1
1
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
4.3
4.8
g/kg
79
%
1
1
1
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
2.6
2.9
g/kg
82
%
1
1
1
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
1.6
1.8
g/kg
78
%
1
1
1
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
4.2
4.7
g/kg
80
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.9
2.1
g/kg
81
%
1
1
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
6
6.8
g/kg
82
%
1
1
1
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
6.5
7.3
g/kg
81
%
1
1
1
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
8.3
9.3
g/kg
83
%
1
1
1
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
5.5
6.1
g/kg
82
%
1
1
1
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
3.2
3.6
g/kg
84
%
1
1
1
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
9.9
11.1
g/kg
91
%
1
1
1
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
7.3
8.2
g/kg
82
%
1
1
1
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
10
11.2
g/kg
78
%
1
1
1
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
17.3
19.5
g/kg
87
%
1
1
1
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
6.1
6.8
g/kg
81
%
1
1
1
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
5.4
6.1
g/kg
81
%
1
1
1
Gross energy (MJ)
15.3
17.2
MJ/kg
-
1.1
14.8 -19.2
11
1.2
15.9 -21.1
14
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.7
0.8
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
57
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
0.57
0.65
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
0.5
0.56
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
47
53
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
87
97
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
8
9
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
0.55
0.62
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
0.48
0.54
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
53
59
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
91
102
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
3
4
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
970
1100
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
840
940
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1620
1820
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
59.1
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
54.4
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
52
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
75
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.3
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.8
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.2
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.8
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.3
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.4
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.7
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
6.7
7.6
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
4.1
4.6
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
3.5
3.9
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
64
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.52
0.58
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.43
0.49
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
60
68
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
97
109
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-5
-6
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.24
0.27
per kg
-
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
4
4.6
g/kg
62
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.3
3.7
g/kg
60
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.3
2.6
g/kg
73
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.1
1.2
g/kg
52
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.3
3.8
g/kg
65
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.7
1.9
g/kg
73
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.9
5.6
g/kg
67
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.4
6
g/kg
67
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.7
7.6
g/kg
67
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.5
5
g/kg
67
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.7
4.2
g/kg
70
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
8.2
9.2
g/kg
68
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.5
2.8
g/kg
66
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
8.4
9.5
g/kg
77
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.1
6.8
g/kg
68
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
8
9
g/kg
62
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
14.3
16.1
g/kg
72
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.5
5.1
g/kg
60
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.5
5
g/kg
67
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
4.1
4.6
g/kg
59
%
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.05
0.05
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.5-0.7
2
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0.04
0.04
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.03-0.7
3
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.02
0.02
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.1-0.4
3
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0.02
0.03
g/kg
0.3
% FA
1
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
2.7
3.1
g/kg
18
%
Available P cockerel
3.8
4.3
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
3.8
4.3
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.56
0.63
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
0.48
0.54
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
1960
2210
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
53.7
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
83.3
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
4.3
4.8
g/kg
82
%
79-84
3
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
9.8
11
g/kg
82
%
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
4.6
5.2
g/kg
66
%
61-71
2
DE growing pig (MJ)
10
11.2
MJ/kg
-
1
ME growing pig (MJ)
9.5
10.7
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
6.3
7.1
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
10.7
12
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
10
11.3
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
6.7
7.6
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
7.1
8
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
7
7.8
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
6.9
7.8
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
9
10.1
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
8.5
9.6
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
8.2
9.2
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
557
627
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
524
590
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
64
72
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
16
18
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
2.8
3.2
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.3
1.5
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
53.5
60.2
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
2.44
2.75
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.14
1.29
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.07
1.21
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.23
1.39
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
0.72
0.81
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
48
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
55
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
3.9
4.4
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
135
152
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
2
2
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
21
23.6
%
-
Vitamin A
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin K
0.02
0.02
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Vitamin C
0
0
mg/kg
-