Dry matter 90.9 100 % - 2.7 84.2 -97.5 472 4.3 Crude protein 61.6 67.8 % - 3.6 50.1 -74.8 599 3.4 54.5 -77.9 472 Crude fibre 1.4 1.5 % - 0.7 0.6 -4.2 103 0.7 0.7 -4.5 101 Crude fat 6 6.6 % - 1.6 0.3 -7.5 110 1.7 0.3 -8.1 100 Ash 1.8 2 % - 0.8 0.8 -6.5 215 0.9 0.9 -7 189 Insoluble ash 0.1 0.1 % - 0.2 0.02 -0.4 5 0.02 -0.4 4 NDF 3.6 4 % - 2.3 1 -7.7 28 2.5 1.1 -8.4 42 ADF 1.3 1.4 % - 1.1 0.2 -3.4 30 1.2 0.2 -3.7 47 Lignin 0.2 0.2 % - 0.1 0.09 -0.5 16 0.2 0.01 -0.7 33 Water insoluble cell walls 3.5 3.9 % - 2.7 -4.3 3 2.9 -4.8 2 Starch 15.5 17.1 % - 3.4 5.3 -21.7 157 3.7 6.3 -23.4 133 Total sugars 0.4 0.5 % - 0.2 0.1 -1.4 100 0.3 0.1 -1.5 101 Gross energy (kcal) 5200 5720 kcal/kg - 210 4790 -5400 31 150 5230 -5940 36 Calcium 0.3 0.3 g/kg - 0.3 0.09 -1.3 146 0.3 0.1 -1.5 146 Phosphorus 3.7 4.1 g/kg - 1.8 0.5 -8.3 169 2 0.5 -9.3 170 Phytate phosphorus 3 3.3 g/kg 80 % P 1 2.9 -5.2 2 Magnesium 0.5 0.6 g/kg - 0.5 0.05 -1 18 0.5 0.06 -2.5 20 Potassium 1.2 1.3 g/kg - 0.9 0.2 -4.2 17 1 0.2 -4.6 17 Sodium 0.84 0.92 g/kg - 0.9 0.05 -3.37 104 0.99 0.05 -3.74 103 Chlorine 0.7 0.8 g/kg - 0.1 0.6 -0.9 5 0.1 0.7 -1 5 Sulfur 5.9 6.5 g/kg - 1.7 4 -9.2 8 1.9 4.4 -10.1 8 Dietary cation-anion difference -323 -355 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 46 50 mEq/kg - Manganese 10 11 mg/kg - 6 1 -23 8 7 1 -25 8 Zinc 33 36 mg/kg - 15 11 -59 10 16 12 -64 10 Copper 12 13 mg/kg - 4 3 -16 8 5 4 -18 8 Iron 119 130 mg/kg - 75 3 -240 14 82 3 -264 10 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.1 0 -0.3 6 0.1 0 -0.3 6 Cobalt 2 2 mg/kg - Molybdenum 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - Lysine 10.9 12 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1.4 7.1 -13.5 105 1.5 7.8 -15 90 0.2 1.3-2.3 108 Threonine 20.4 22.5 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 2.1 15.2 -25.9 93 2.3 16.5 -28.4 78 0.2 2.4-3.8 96 Methionine 14.5 16 g/kg 2.4 g/16g N 2 10.5 -20.3 85 2.2 10.6 -23.1 70 0.3 1.5-3 88 Cystine 11.1 12.2 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 1.5 6.4 -13.8 81 1.7 7 -15.3 64 0.2 1.1-2.3 83 Methionine + cystine 25.6 28.2 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 3 20.4 -31.8 79 3.2 20.5 -34.6 61 0.4 2.9-5 80 Tryptophan 3.1 3.4 g/kg 0.5 g/16g N 0.6 2 -4.4 51 0.6 2.2 -4.8 33 0.08 0.4-0.7 52 Isoleucine 24.4 26.9 g/kg 4 g/16g N 2.9 17.6 -29.8 91 3.1 19.1 -33.4 76 0.3 3-4.8 94 Valine 27.9 30.7 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 3 19.7 -32.8 91 3.2 21.4 -35.9 75 0.3 3.9-5.3 93 Leucine 96.3 106 g/kg 15.6 g/16g N 8.8 78.9 -123 92 9.1 85.9 -135 77 0.9 13.9-18.3 95 Phenylalanine 37 40.7 g/kg 6 g/16g N 4 28.9 -46.9 92 4.2 31.4 -51.5 77 0.4 4.7-6.9 95 Tyrosine 29.5 32.5 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 4.2 22.1 -36.8 63 4.5 24 -41.4 50 0.4 4.1-5.6 66 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 66.5 73.1 g/kg 10.8 g/16g N 8.3 50.9 -82.8 63 8.8 55.4 -91.3 49 0.8 9.5-12.2 65 Histidine 12.6 13.8 g/kg 2 g/16g N 1.7 8.4 -16.9 78 1.8 9.2 -18.6 63 0.2 1.6-2.5 81 Arginine 19.1 21 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 2.8 13 -24.9 89 3 14.1 -27.3 74 0.3 2.4-3.9 92 Alanine 52.3 57.5 g/kg 8.5 g/16g N 6.1 38.8 -61.5 86 6.5 42.2 -73.6 71 0.6 6.8-10.5 89 Aspartic acid 36.2 39.8 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 4.2 26.3 -45.7 86 4.5 28.6 -50 71 0.5 4.6-7.6 89 Glutamic acid 122 135 g/kg 19.9 g/16g N 13.9 91.9 -152 86 14.8 100 -168 71 1.5 17.5-24.5 89 Glycine 16.3 17.9 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 2.5 10 -20.6 87 2.7 10.9 -22.4 71 0.3 1.8-3.2 90 Serine 30.1 33.1 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 4 18.3 -37.1 87 4.3 20 -41.3 72 0.5 3-5.8 90 Proline 53.1 58.4 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N 5.3 42.1 -63.2 55 5.5 45.8 -68.3 40 0.5 7.7-9.9 58 C14:0 myristic acid 0.07 0.07 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1 0.1-0.4 18 C16:0 palmitic acid 5 5.5 g/kg 10.5 % FA 0.8 8.6-13.6 202 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C18:0 stearic acid 0.9 0.9 g/kg 1.8 % FA 0.2 1.3-2.7 201 C18:1 oleic acid 12.3 13.5 g/kg 26.1 % FA 3 20-35.4 202 C18:2 linoleic acid 28.1 30.8 g/kg 59.5 % FA 3.4 49.4-67.6 208 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.6 0.7 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.2 0.2 -0.8 5 0.3 0.1 -0.9 7 0.3 0.3-1.9 202 Fatty acids 4.7 5.2 % 78 % fat 2 76-81 5 Vitamin A 14.2 15.6 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 24.4 26.9 mg/kg - 1 Vitamin B1 thiamin 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 2.1 2.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 8 8.8 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 60.4 66.4 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 6.4 7 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Biotin 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Choline 363 399 mg/kg - Xanthophylls 328 361 mg/kg - 62 134 -631 566 68 149 -520 149 DE growing pig (kcal) 4710 5170 kcal/kg - 280 3990 -4900 18 270 4440 -5380 18 ME growing pig (kcal) 4340 4780 kcal/kg - 170 3900 -4360 14 NE growing pig (kcal) 2730 3000 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 4850 5330 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 4460 4900 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2860 3140 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 90.4 % 3.4 82.7-94 16 OM digestibility growing pig - 90.3 % N digestibility growing pig - 85.7 % 4 85.3-95 5 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 92 % 3.9 81.5-96.8 18 Crude fat digestibility pig - 70.2 % 69-76 3 Energy digestibility adult pig - 93.2 % OM digestibility adult pig - 93.5 % N digestibility adult pig - 87.1 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.7 0.8 g/kg 19 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3750 4120 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3700 4070 kcal/kg - 1 1 PDIA INRA 2007 447 491 g/kg - 74 333 -540 6 PDIN INRA 2007 516 567 g/kg - 62 455 -633 6 PDIE INRA 2007 478 525 g/kg - 72 366 -567 6 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3660 4020 kcal/kg - 150 3620 -4010 5 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 96.7 % 1.6 94.6-99 5 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 96 % 2.1 94.2-99.9 5 N digestibility ruminants - 81 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 75.2 % Absorbable P ruminants 2.5 2.8 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 27 % 8 8-36 10 Immediately degradable N (a) - 3 % 0.1-10 3 Potentially degradable N (b) - 83 % 9-87 3 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.025 h-1 0.011-0.066 3 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 87 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 23 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 77 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.285 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 37 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 16 % 6-17 2 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 84 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.02 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 3.5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.2 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 13.9 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 88 % Energy digestibility horse - 84.5 % Horse Forage Unit 1.1 1.21 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 518 570 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 4670 5130 kcal/kg - 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 4080 4480 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 89.7 % 1 N digestibility rabbit - 79.8 % DE salmonids (kcal) 4470 4920 kcal/kg - 3780 -4590 2 4210 -5040 2 Energy digestibility, salmonids - 85.9 % N digestibility salmonids - 93.8 % 92-96 2 Digestible P salmonids 0.3 0.4 g/kg 9 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 9.7 10.6 g/kg 89 % 10.6 -10.9 2 4 79-93 18 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 18.9 20.7 g/kg 92 % 17.3 -19.1 2 19.3 -21.6 2 4 82-97 18 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 13.7 15.1 g/kg 95 % 3 89-98 18 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 10.2 11.2 g/kg 92 % 8.7 -11.1 2 9.8 -12.6 2 4 81-97 18 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 23.9 26.3 g/kg 93 % 23.9 -26.8 2 4 86-97 5 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 2.7 2.9 g/kg 87 % 1 1 10 62-92 17 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 22.6 24.8 g/kg 92 % 21.6 -26.1 2 24.1 -29.6 2 3 83-96 18 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 25.5 28 g/kg 91 % 22.1 -28.2 2 24.7 -31.9 2 4 80-97 18 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 91.2 100 g/kg 95 % 3 87-98 18 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 34.8 38.3 g/kg 94 % 32.8 -37.3 2 36.7 -42.2 2 3 86-98 18 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 27.8 30.6 g/kg 94 % 3 89-98 18 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 62.6 68.9 g/kg 94 % 62.2 -69 2 4 87-98 5 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 11.6 12.7 g/kg 92 % 10.8 -12.3 2 12 -13.9 2 4 79-97 18 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 18.1 19.9 g/kg 95 % 3 87-97 18 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 48.4 53.3 g/kg 93 % 46.9 -50.7 2 52.5 -57.3 2 4 85-98 18 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 33.6 36.9 g/kg 93 % 32.4 -35.3 2 36.2 -39.9 2 3 83-96 18 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 114 126 g/kg 93 % 113 -144 2 4 83-99 18 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 13.7 15 g/kg 84 % 9 67-98 18 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 28.4 31.2 g/kg 95 % 27.9 -30.1 2 31.2 -34.1 2 3 85-98 18 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 42.2 46.4 g/kg 79 % 5 73-90 14 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.6 9.4 g/kg 79 % 1 1 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 16.1 17.7 g/kg 79 % 1 1 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.9 14.2 g/kg 89 % 1 1 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9 g/kg 74 % 1 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 21.1 23.2 g/kg 82 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.5 g/kg 74 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 20.8 22.8 g/kg 85 % 1 1 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.5 25.8 g/kg 84 % 1 1 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 85.7 94.2 g/kg 89 % 1 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 32.5 35.8 g/kg 88 % 1 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 26.3 28.9 g/kg 89 % 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 58.8 64.7 g/kg 88 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.3 11.3 g/kg 82 % 1 1 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 16.4 18.1 g/kg 86 % 1 1 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 46.5 51.2 g/kg 89 % 1 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 29.3 32.3 g/kg 81 % 1 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 108 119 g/kg 88 % 1 1 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 12 13.2 g/kg 74 % 1 1 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 25.9 28.4 g/kg 86 % 1 1 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 46.8 51.4 g/kg 88 % 1 1 Gross energy (MJ) 21.8 23.9 MJ/kg - 0.9 20 -22.6 31 0.6 21.9 -24.8 36 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.2 0.2 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.58 1.74 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.64 1.8 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 355 390 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 400 440 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 138 152 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.58 1.74 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.64 1.8 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 385 424 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 428 471 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 109 119 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2780 3050 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2890 3170 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 4050 4450 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 94.7 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 98.4 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 31 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 87 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.9 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 3.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 14.6 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 15.9 17.5 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.9 12 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.2 12.3 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 39 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.52 1.67 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.57 1.72 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 419 461 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 459 505 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 75 82 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 6.91 7.6 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 20.19 22.2 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 1635 1798 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0332 0.0366 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 142 156 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0006 0.0007 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.457 0.502 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.2 0.1-1.2 186 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 -0 2 0-0.04 2 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 1 C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 1.1 1.2 g/kg 28 % Available P cockerel 0.9 1 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.9 1 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.37 1.51 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.37 1.5 per kg - DE growing pig (MJ) 19.7 21.7 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 18.2 20 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 11.4 12.5 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 20.3 22.3 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 18.7 20.5 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 12 13.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 15.7 17.3 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 15.5 17 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 15.3 16.8 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 19.5 21.5 MJ/kg - 1 ME rabbit (MJ) 17.1 18.8 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 18.7 20.6 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1366 1502 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1494 1643 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 475 523 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 74 82 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.5 3.8 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 2.4 2.6 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 85.6 94.1 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 4.43 4.87 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.46 2.7 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 2.33 2.56 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.57 2.82 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.84 2.02 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 70 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 76 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 9.7 10.6 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 568 624 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 8 9 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 12.4 13.7 % - 5.1 7.3 -13.8 6 5.6 8.1 -23.9 8 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -