Dry matter 87.7 100 % - 0.9 85.1 -93.5 803 1.5 Crude protein 43.5 49.5 % - 1.6 40 -49 842 1.7 44.1 -54.9 818 Crude fibre 6.3 7.2 % - 0.8 5 -9.9 623 0.9 4.9 -11.2 589 Crude fat 1.7 1.9 % - 0.5 0.5 -4.6 616 0.6 0.6 -5.1 603 Ash 6.5 7.4 % - 0.6 5.4 -9 204 0.7 5.8 -10 216 Insoluble ash 0.2 0.3 % - 0.3 0.03 -0.7 5 0.3 0.03 -0.8 5 NDF 13 14.8 % - 2 9.7 -18.8 21 2.3 10.9 -20.7 38 ADF 7.8 8.9 % - 2 6.9 -13.9 18 2.2 7.6 -15.2 39 Lignin 0.7 0.8 % - 0.4 0.3 -1 6 0.5 0.3 -2.1 25 Water insoluble cell walls 18.9 21.6 % - Starch 6 6.8 % - 1.1 4.5 -8.6 20 1.3 5.2 -9.7 20 Total sugars 9.3 10.6 % - 1 7.3 -10.7 16 1.2 8.3 -12.6 20 Gross energy (kcal) 4090 4660 kcal/kg - 140 4060 -4440 11 150 4250 -4980 16 Calcium 3.4 3.9 g/kg - 1 1.5 -6.5 57 1.1 1.7 -7.4 61 Phosphorus 6.2 7.1 g/kg - 0.6 5.5 -8.1 55 0.6 6.2 -9.1 60 Phytate phosphorus 3.7 4.3 g/kg 60 % P 1 1 Magnesium 2.9 3.3 g/kg - 0.2 2.6 -3 6 0.3 2.4 -3.4 10 Potassium 21.5 24.5 g/kg - 1.1 19.7 -22.6 13 1.3 22.4 -27 17 Sodium 0.08 0.09 g/kg - 0.07 0 -0.35 23 0.08 0 -0.2 26 Chlorine 0.4 0.5 g/kg - 0.2 0.2 -0.8 9 0.2 0.4 -0.9 7 Electrolyte balance 542 618 mEq/kg - Manganese 32 36 mg/kg - 11 23 -53 9 Zinc 36 41 mg/kg - 8 28 -48 5 Copper 14 16 mg/kg - 1 12 -18 4 Lysine 27 30.8 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 1.5 23.6 -30.4 52 1.7 27 -34.4 44 0.3 5.6-6.6 52 Threonine 16.8 19.1 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.3 14.9 -21.5 48 1.5 16.6 -24.7 41 0.2 3.4-4.5 49 Methionine 6.2 7.1 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.8 4.9 -8.2 43 0.9 5.5 -9.1 37 0.2 1.1-1.8 45 Cystine 6.7 7.7 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.6 5.1 -7.2 34 0.6 5.6 -8.3 27 0.1 1.1-1.6 35 Methionine + cystine 13 14.8 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1 10.4 -14.7 34 1.2 11.9 -16.4 27 0.2 2.5-3.3 35 Tryptophan 5.9 6.8 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.4 5.2 -6.5 19 0.4 5.9 -7.2 12 0.05 1.3-1.4 20 Isoleucine 19.9 22.7 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1.5 17.2 -23.1 30 1.7 19.7 -27.2 24 0.4 4.2-6.1 32 Valine 21 23.9 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.6 17 -25.7 47 1.8 19.5 -28.6 41 0.3 4.2-5.5 49 Leucine 33.1 37.7 g/kg 7.6 g/16g N 1.8 27.4 -36.2 34 2 31.4 -39.8 28 0.4 6.4-8.6 36 Phenylalanine 22 25 g/kg 5.1 g/16g N 1.4 18.9 -25 47 1.5 21.6 -28.2 41 0.2 4.5-5.5 49 Tyrosine 15.3 17.5 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 1.5 13.7 -18.3 23 1.7 15.5 -20.9 18 0.3 3.1-4.3 24 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 37.3 42.5 g/kg 8.6 g/16g N 2.2 33.6 -42.5 23 2.5 37.8 -48.1 18 0.4 7.7-9.6 24 Histidine 11.7 13.3 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.9 10.4 -13.7 29 1 11.6 -15.2 23 0.2 2.3-3.1 31 Arginine 31.8 36.2 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 2.5 27.4 -37.8 47 2.8 30.4 -42.1 41 0.4 6-8.2 49 Alanine 19 21.6 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1.9 15.9 -23.7 45 2.1 17.7 -26.2 38 0.4 3.6-5.3 46 Aspartic acid 48.9 55.7 g/kg 11.3 g/16g N 3.6 40.9 -60.3 46 4.1 46.8 -69.2 39 0.6 10-12.9 47 Glutamic acid 77.4 88.2 g/kg 17.8 g/16g N 7.4 63.1 -103 47 8.4 72.1 -117 40 1.4 14.4-23.3 48 Glycine 18.3 20.9 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 1.4 15.1 -22.5 45 1.6 16.8 -25.8 38 0.2 3.4-4.8 46 Serine 20.9 23.8 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.6 19.1 -25.1 45 1.8 21.2 -28.8 38 0.3 4.4-5.5 46 Proline 21.7 24.7 g/kg 5 g/16g N 1.9 20.4 -24.5 12 2.1 22.7 -27.7 5 0.3 4.5-5.7 13 C14:0 myristic acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.3 0-1.1 14 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.4 1.6 g/kg 11.2 % FA 2.2 9.6-20.8 22 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.08 0-0.2 7 C18:0 stearic acid 0.5 0.5 g/kg 3.8 % FA 0.4 3.2-4.8 22 C18:1 oleic acid 2.9 3.3 g/kg 23.1 % FA 1.6 19.8-27.3 23 C18:2 linoleic acid 6.9 7.8 g/kg 54 % FA 2.9 42.9-58.2 22 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.9 1 g/kg 7.2 % FA 0.9 4.8-8.7 22 Fatty acids 1.3 1.4 % 75 % fat 1 1 Vitamin E 4.8 5.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 3 3.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 3 3.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 7 8 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 39.9 45.5 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 15 17 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Choline 2792 3182 mg/kg - Phytase activity 40 40 IU/kg - 1 DE growing pig (kcal) 3460 3940 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3170 3620 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 1970 2240 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3680 4200 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3350 3820 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2110 2410 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 84.6 % OM digestibility growing pig - 85.6 % N digestibility growing pig - 86.1 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 87.1 % 1.9 84.7-90 7 Crude fat digestibility pig - 30.4 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 90.1 % OM digestibility adult pig - 91.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 89.2 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2260 2580 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2220 2530 kcal/kg - Available P broiler 1.4 1.6 g/kg 22 % P PDIA INRA 2007 170 194 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 317 362 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 222 253 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2770 3160 kcal/kg - 110 2750 -3110 4 120 3110 -3460 8 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 90.2 % 3.3 86-97 8 OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 90.2 % N digestibility ruminants - 80.1 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 95 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 64.8 % Absorbable P ruminants 4.4 5 g/kg 70 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 63 % 8 56-77 5 Immediately degradable N (a) - 13 % 1 Potentially degradable N (b) - 85 % 1 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.085 h-1 1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 67 % 56-75 4 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 26 % 23-27 3 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 71 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.08 h-1 0.06-0.147 3 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.9 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.5 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.4 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.4 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 83.2 % Energy digestibility horse - 80 % Horse Forage Unit 0.82 0.94 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 355 405 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3330 3790 kcal/kg - 3140 -4000 2 3550 -4410 2 ME rabbit (kcal) 2890 3300 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 81.3 % 76.2-90 2 N digestibility rabbit - 83.7 % 79.4-89.7 2 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 24.2 27.6 g/kg 89 % 24 -25 3 27.3 -29.3 4 1 87-91 7 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 14.5 16.5 g/kg 86 % 14.2 -14.9 3 15.9 -18.7 4 2 83-89 7 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.5 g/kg 91 % 2 89-95 6 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 5.8 6.6 g/kg 86 % 3 81-88 7 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 11.5 13.1 g/kg 88 % 85-90 4 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 6 g/kg 89 % 6 -6.3 2 1 88-91 5 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 17.7 20.2 g/kg 89 % 19.8 -23 4 2 87-92 7 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 18.4 21 g/kg 88 % 18.3 -20.5 3 20.4 -23.2 4 2 86-92 7 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 29.5 33.6 g/kg 89 % 28.5 -29.6 2 32.6 -35.8 3 2 87-93 6 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 19.8 22.6 g/kg 90 % 19.3 -21.6 3 21.5 -24.4 4 2 88-94 7 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 14 15.9 g/kg 91 % 15.7 -18.8 4 3 86-94 7 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 33.8 38.5 g/kg 91 % 2 88-94 5 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 10.5 12 g/kg 90 % 10 -11.4 2 11.2 -13.5 3 2 88-94 6 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 29.8 33.9 g/kg 94 % 28.8 -31.9 3 32.6 -37.1 4 2 91-98 7 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 16.2 18.4 g/kg 85 % 15.5 -17.5 3 17.7 -19.9 4 2 83-90 7 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 43.6 49.7 g/kg 89 % 46.8 -53.9 3 2 86-92 6 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 69.2 78.8 g/kg 89 % 54.9 -93.1 3 62.7 -105 4 2 87-93 7 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 15.3 17.5 g/kg 84 % 2 83-90 7 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 18.5 21.1 g/kg 89 % 16.6 -20.7 3 18.5 -24.2 4 2 87-93 7 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 19.4 22.1 g/kg 90 % 18.4 -20.4 2 21 -25.2 3 88-91 3 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.8 27.1 g/kg 88 % 1 1 1 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.9 15.9 g/kg 83 % 1 1 1 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.4 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.8 g/kg 75 % 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.6 12.1 g/kg 82 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 6 g/kg 89 % 1 1 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.3 19.8 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 18 20.5 g/kg 86 % 1 1 1 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 28.8 32.8 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.1 21.8 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.5 15.4 g/kg 88 % 1 1 1 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 32.6 37.1 g/kg 87 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.2 11.6 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 28.6 32.6 g/kg 90 % 1 1 1 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 16.3 18.6 g/kg 86 % 1 1 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 41.1 46.8 g/kg 84 % 1 1 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 68.9 78.5 g/kg 89 % 1 1 1 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.4 17.6 g/kg 84 % 1 1 1 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 18 20.5 g/kg 86 % 1 1 1 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 18.6 21.2 g/kg 86 % 1 1 1 Gross energy (MJ) 17.1 19.5 MJ/kg - 0.6 17 -18.6 11 0.6 17.8 -20.8 16 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.9 2.2 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 85 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.12 1.28 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.14 1.3 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 119 136 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 170 194 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 218 248 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.1 1.25 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.11 1.27 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 142 162 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 191 217 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 197 224 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1940 2210 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1960 2230 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2890 3300 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 88.8 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 88.8 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 65 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.9 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.6 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.4 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12.2 13.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.2 9.3 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.3 9.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 67 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.06 1.21 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.06 1.21 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 173 197 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 220 250 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 167 191 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.222 0.253 per kg - Sulfur 4 4.5 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 295 336 mEq/kg - Iron 240 274 mg/kg - Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Molybdenum 4 4 mg/kg - Iodine 0.1 0.2 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0.01 5 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.09 0.1-0.4 11 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.04 0.1-0.2 6 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:0 behenic acid 0.06 0.07 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.4-0.5 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-0.3 2 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2-0.2 2 Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2 2.3 g/kg 32 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 3 3.4 g/kg 48 % Available P cockerel 1.4 1.6 g/kg 22 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.03 1.17 per kg - 0.03 0.94 -1.08 4 0.04 1.08 -1.19 8 UFV INRA 2007 1.02 1.16 per kg - 0.05 0.91 -1.06 4 0.05 1.04 -1.18 8 DE salmonids (kcal) 3070 3500 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 75 % 66-75 4 N digestibility salmonids - 87.4 % DE growing pig (MJ) 14.5 16.5 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.3 15.1 MJ/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (MJ) 8.2 9.4 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 15.4 17.6 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14 16 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.8 10.1 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 9.5 10.8 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 9.3 10.6 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.6 13.2 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.9 15.9 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.1 13.8 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 12.8 14.6 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1027 1170 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1111 1266 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 216 246 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 174 198 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.7 6.5 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.7 1.9 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 71.1 81.1 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.58 4.09 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.89 2.16 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.79 2.04 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.03 2.32 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.42 1.61 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 34 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 42 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.3 8.3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 275 314 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 25 29 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.8 0.9 % - 0.8 -1.1 4 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg -