Dry matter 88.3 100 % - 2.1 84.5 -96.3 101 3.4 Crude protein 4.5 5.1 % - 1.6 2.5 -6 66 1.9 1.7 -19.6 257 Crude fibre 2.6 3 % - 0.8 0.7 -3.9 77 0.9 0.3 -6 143 Crude fat 1 1.2 % - 0.5 0.2 -2.3 28 0.5 0.2 -2.5 73 Ash 3 3.4 % - 1.3 1.8 -7.9 96 1.4 2 -11.3 167 Insoluble ash 0.2 0.3 % - 0.2 0.05 -0.7 24 0.2 0.01 -0.8 27 NDF 9.1 10.4 % - 3.2 4.9 -15.1 13 3.6 3.8 -15.7 22 ADF 4.3 4.9 % - 0.9 3.2 -5.4 13 1 2.4 -7.6 22 Lignin 0.8 0.9 % - 0.3 0.09 -1 10 0.4 0.1 -1.6 18 Starch 64.2 72.8 % - 3.7 59.1 -74.4 89 3.7 54.6 -78.9 118 Total sugars 6.5 7.4 % - 1.6 5.1 -9.2 34 1.8 3.7 -11.6 51 Gross energy (kcal) 3670 4150 kcal/kg - 240 3560 -4260 4 250 3660 -4520 9 Calcium 1.2 1.4 g/kg - 1 0.9 -5.7 9 1.1 0.4 -6 57 Phosphorus 1.3 1.5 g/kg - 0.4 0.3 -2.1 12 0.5 0.3 -2.7 60 Phytate phosphorus 0.3 0.4 g/kg 24 % P 1 1 Magnesium 0.8 0.9 g/kg - 1 0.2 0.6 -1.4 43 Potassium 10 11.4 g/kg - 1 3.8 4.1 -20.7 44 Sodium 1.1 1.25 g/kg - 1 0.88 0.11 -2.55 28 Chlorine 1.3 1.4 g/kg - 0.9 -1.6 3 1 -1.9 3 Sulfur 0.7 0.8 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 224 254 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 270 305 mEq/kg - Manganese 12 13 mg/kg - 16 18 3 -54 18 Zinc 38 43 mg/kg - 13 15 10 -77 18 Copper 6 7 mg/kg - 1 1 5 -9 18 Iron 160 181 mg/kg - 466 528 13 -2264 18 Selenium 0.02 0.02 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.1 0.2 mg/kg - 1 Iodine 0.07 0.08 mg/kg - Lysine 1.7 1.9 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 0.5 0.6 0.8 -2.8 29 0.8 2.6-5.9 38 Threonine 2.1 2.4 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 0.8 0.9 0.8 -4.1 29 0.8 2.9-5.9 44 Methionine 0.5 0.6 g/kg 1.2 g/16g N 0.2 0.3 0.3 -1 8 0.4 0.9-2.2 22 Cystine 0.7 0.8 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 1 0.4 0.3 -1.4 9 0.4 0.8-2.2 23 Methionine + cystine 1.2 1.4 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.4 0.5 0.3 -2.4 27 0.5 1.7-3.4 38 Tryptophan 0.8 0.9 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 0.3 1.2-2 9 Isoleucine 1.8 2.1 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.5 0.6 1 -2.9 27 0.6 3.2-5.4 42 Valine 2.4 2.7 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 0.7 0.8 1.1 -3.7 26 0.8 4-6.8 41 Leucine 2.4 2.7 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 0.7 0.8 1.2 -4 29 0.9 3.9-7.7 43 Phenylalanine 2.8 3.1 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 1.1 1.2 1.6 -4.9 8 0.9 3.3-6.8 22 Tyrosine 1.7 2 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 0.6 0.7 1.1 -2.8 8 0.8 1.3-4.1 20 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 4.5 5.1 g/kg 9.9 g/16g N 1.4 1.6 1.2 -7.7 27 1.4 5-10.7 38 Histidine 1.1 1.3 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 0.5 0.6 0.3 -2.4 27 0.8 1.2-3.8 41 Arginine 1.5 1.7 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 0.5 0.6 0.6 -2.7 29 0.8 2.1-5.5 43 Alanine 2.1 2.3 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 0.6 0.7 1.1 -3.7 29 0.8 3.7-6.9 44 Aspartic acid 6.6 7.5 g/kg 14.5 g/16g N 2.7 3.1 2 -13.6 25 3.5 9.2-19.7 37 Glutamic acid 4.7 5.3 g/kg 10.3 g/16g N 1.5 1.7 2.1 -7.8 27 1.7 7.5-13.4 41 Glycine 1.9 2.1 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.6 0.7 0.6 -3.4 27 0.8 2.1-5.8 41 Serine 2 2.3 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 0.8 0.9 0.7 -4.2 29 1.1 2.5-6.5 44 Proline 1.8 2 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.7 0.8 0.6 -3.5 29 1.1 2.3-6.6 44 C16:0 palmitic acid 2.8 3.2 g/kg 39 % FA 2 35.9-42.6 11 C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 2.7 % FA 0.4 2.1-3.4 11 C18:1 oleic acid 0.09 0.1 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.4 0.6-2.1 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 2.8 3.2 g/kg 39 % FA 2 35.2-41.7 11 C18:3 linolenic acid 1.3 1.4 g/kg 17.5 % FA 1.8 14.5-21.2 11 Fatty acids 0.7 0.8 % 70 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 3280 3710 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3210 3640 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2560 2890 kcal/kg - 1 1 DE adult pig (kcal) 3330 3770 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3250 3680 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2580 2920 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 89.5 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 92 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 60 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 90.8 % OM digestibility adult pig - 93.1 % N digestibility adult pig - 66.5 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3050 3460 kcal/kg - 80 30 3430 -3530 15 AMEn broiler (kcal) 3050 3460 kcal/kg - 3420 -3890 4 PDIA INRA 2007 13 15 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 30 34 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 66 74 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2570 2910 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 82.3 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 86.2 % N digestibility ruminants - 50.8 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 53.5 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 70 % 67-91 4 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 79 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 75 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.2 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.9 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.5 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 86.6 % Energy digestibility horse - 83.2 % Horse Forage Unit 1.06 1.2 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 31 35 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3050 3450 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3000 3400 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 83.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 59.2 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 57 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.1 1.3 g/kg 53 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 0.4 g/kg 58 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.4 g/kg 51 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.8 g/kg 54 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.4 g/kg 52 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 55 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.5 g/kg 55 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.3 1.5 g/kg 55 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.8 g/kg 56 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.9 1 g/kg 53 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 55 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 51 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 0.9 g/kg 51 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.2 1.4 g/kg 58 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 3.6 4 g/kg 54 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 53 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 53 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.2 g/kg 51 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 1 1.1 g/kg 54 % Gross energy (MJ) 15.3 17.4 MJ/kg - 1 14.9 -17.8 4 1 15.3 -18.9 9 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 0.8 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 49 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.98 1.11 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.99 1.12 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 11 12 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 63 71 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -61 -69 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.96 1.09 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.97 1.1 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 12 13 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 62 70 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -60 -68 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1700 1920 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1710 1930 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2550 2890 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 84.8 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 81 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 69 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 81 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.3 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.6 12.1 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.1 8 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.1 8.1 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 71 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.93 1.06 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.93 1.05 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 14 16 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 62 71 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -59 -67 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.166 0.188 per kg - C14:0 myristic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Water insoluble cell walls 8.4 9.5 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.02 0.03 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.03 0.3-0.4 11 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.4 0.4 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.6 0.7 g/kg 45 % Available P cockerel 0.3 0.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 0.3 0.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.96 1.09 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.96 1.08 per kg - Absorbable P ruminants 0.9 1 g/kg 70 % P DE salmonids (kcal) 1720 1950 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 47 % N digestibility salmonids - 69.9 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 85 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 2 g/kg 83 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.5 g/kg 88 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.7 g/kg 83 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 85 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.7 g/kg 84 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.8 g/kg 85 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.3 g/kg 85 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 2.1 2.3 g/kg 87 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 2.4 2.7 g/kg 88 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.7 g/kg 87 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.9 4.4 g/kg 87 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 87 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 91 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 2 g/kg 84 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 5.6 6.3 g/kg 84 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 89 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 1.6 1.8 g/kg 84 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 85 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.7 g/kg 86 % DE growing pig (MJ) 13.7 15.5 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.5 15.2 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 10.7 12.1 MJ/kg - 1 1 DE adult pig (MJ) 13.9 15.8 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.6 15.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 10.8 12.2 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 12.8 14.5 MJ/kg - 25.9 AMEn broiler (MJ) 12.8 14.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.7 12.2 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.8 14.4 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.6 14.2 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.2 8.2 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 958 1086 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1047 1186 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 58 66 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -56 -64 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.7 5.3 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.6 1.8 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 74.7 84.6 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.19 3.62 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.63 1.85 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.54 1.75 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.77 2 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.19 1.35 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 17 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 20 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.8 7.7 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 120 136 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -12 -14 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 64.3 72.8 % - 4.2 4.5 66.9 -82.9 14 Vitamin A 551 624 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 33.3 37.7 mg/kg - Vitamin K 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 3.3 3.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 3.1 3.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 12.8 14.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 40.5 45.9 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 29.3 33.2 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Vitamin C 650 736 mg/kg -