Dry matter 92.8 100 % - 2.9 82.2 -98.2 144 4.4 Crude protein 44.2 47.6 % - 4.7 31.2 -54.4 187 4.9 32.4 -56.8 144 Crude fibre 1.8 1.9 % - 1.3 0.06 -6.4 64 1.4 0.06 -5.6 61 Ash 6.5 7 % - 1.3 3.2 -10.4 114 1.3 3.4 -10.8 112 Insoluble ash 0.5 0.6 % - 0.2 -0.9 4 0.4 -0.8 2 NDF 7.7 8.3 % - 7.7 0.01 -18.8 8 8.3 0.01 -20.7 8 ADF 2.2 2.4 % - 2.2 0.01 -6.1 7 2.3 0.01 -5.7 7 Lignin 0.7 0.7 % - 0.6 0.01 -1.5 7 0.7 0.01 -1.7 7 Starch 8 8.6 % - 2.4 4.9 -10.4 7 2.5 5.2 -11 5 Total sugars 1.7 1.9 % - 0.3 -2.6 3 0.3 -2.8 3 Gross energy (kcal) 4400 4740 kcal/kg - 3860 -4660 3 4320 -4870 3 Calcium 2.8 3 g/kg - 1.3 0.9 -7.4 35 1.4 1 -7.7 34 Phosphorus 12.5 13.5 g/kg - 3.8 5.4 -24.4 39 4 5.8 -26.2 38 Phytate phosphorus 0 0 g/kg 0 % P Magnesium 2.2 2.4 g/kg - 1.7 -2.7 3 1.9 -2.4 2 Potassium 20.5 22 g/kg - 18.8 -22.1 2 1 Sodium 1.61 1.74 g/kg - 1.02 0.43 -3.4 8 1.1 0.45 -3.74 7 Chlorine 3.5 3.7 g/kg - 2.5 -5 3 3.1 -5.4 2 Sulfur 4.2 4.6 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 232 250 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 497 535 mEq/kg - Manganese 31 34 mg/kg - 7 -37 3 7 -43 4 Zinc 96 103 mg/kg - 44 45 -146 5 47 49 -154 6 Copper 19 20 mg/kg - 28 0.8 -73 6 30 0.9 -80 6 Iron 87 94 mg/kg - 26 -129 4 27 -141 4 Selenium 0.06 0.06 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.5 0.6 mg/kg - 0.5 -0.5 2 Molybdenum 1 1 mg/kg - Iodine 1 1 mg/kg - 1 -1 2 Lysine 27 29.1 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 3.5 6 -35.7 45 3.6 22.7 -34 13 1.7 1.2-7.9 23 Threonine 19.1 20.6 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 2.9 5 -23.3 13 3.1 16.7 -25 5 1.2 1-5.6 15 Methionine 6.6 7.1 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 1.3 2.2 -9.3 41 1.4 5.3 -10 9 0.3 0.5-2.2 19 Cystine 2.8 3 g/kg 0.6 g/16g N 1.5 2.6 -6.5 14 1.6 2.9 -6.9 5 0.4 0.5-1.9 14 Methionine + cystine 9.4 10.1 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 1 5.2 -12.9 14 1 9.7 -12.3 5 0.5 1.1-3.4 14 Tryptophan 4.6 5 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 1 2.5 -6.5 12 4 -5.7 4 0.3 0.5-1.4 14 Isoleucine 18.9 20.4 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 2.8 4.9 -23 13 2.9 14.7 -22 5 1.1 1-6.1 15 Valine 20.9 22.5 g/kg 4.7 g/16g N 2.7 7.3 -24.9 13 2.8 16.9 -23.7 5 1.1 1.5-5.8 15 Leucine 26.2 28.3 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 3.3 9.2 -34.4 13 3.5 22.8 -32 5 1.4 1.8-7.5 15 Phenylalanine 15.3 16.5 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 1.6 6.3 -20.8 13 1.7 14.1 -18.6 5 0.8 1.3-4.5 15 Tyrosine 11.7 12.7 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 3.2 4.9 -17.3 11 9.7 -14.3 3 0.7 1-3.8 13 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 27 29.1 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N 6.9 11.2 -38.1 11 23.8 -31.5 3 1.5 2.3-8.3 13 Histidine 9.3 10 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 2.2 3.9 -12.1 13 2.3 6.6 -13 5 0.4 0.8-2.9 15 Arginine 19.6 21.1 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 5.6 9.9 -26.7 13 6 12.8 -29.5 5 0.9 2-5.2 15 Alanine 28.5 30.7 g/kg 6.5 g/16g N 7.2 7.3 -33.1 12 15.4 -35.1 4 1.6 1.5-6.9 13 Aspartic acid 35 37.7 g/kg 7.9 g/16g N 9.9 10.3 -43.3 12 2.6 2.1-12.2 13 Glutamic acid 63 67.9 g/kg 14.3 g/16g N 20.6 31 -110 12 56.5 -80.2 4 3.4 6.2-20.3 13 Glycine 17 18.3 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N 3.4 7.7 -20.6 12 15.4 -20.8 4 0.8 1.5-4.4 13 Serine 18.4 19.8 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 4.3 6.5 -22.9 12 16.3 -21.7 4 1 1.3-5.3 13 Proline 39.3 42.4 g/kg 8.9 g/16g N 1 Fatty acids 3 3.2 % 80 % fat Vitamin E 2 2.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 84.9 91.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 39.5 42.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 33.5 36.1 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 7.4 7.98 µg/kg - Niacin 445 480 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 110 119 mg/kg - Folic acid 10.4 11.2 mg/kg - Biotin 1.1 1.2 mg/kg - Choline 3316 3574 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3740 4030 kcal/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (kcal) 3440 3700 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 2210 2390 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3820 4120 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3470 3740 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2280 2450 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 85 % 1 OM digestibility growing pig - 86 % N digestibility growing pig - 85 % 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 69 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 80 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 87 % OM digestibility adult pig - 88 % N digestibility adult pig - 86.2 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2930 3160 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2930 3160 kcal/kg - 1 1 PDIA INRA 2007 69 75 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 279 301 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 128 137 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2850 3070 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 85.1 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 85 % N digestibility ruminants - 78.5 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 84 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 64 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 29 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.14 h-1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 81 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 60 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 34 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.095 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.8 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE DE salmonids (kcal) 3170 3420 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 72.1 % 62.6-76.8 2 N digestibility salmonids - 81.7 % 63.2-91 2 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 20.1 21.6 g/kg 74 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 12.6 13.6 g/kg 66 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5 g/kg 69 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.5 g/kg 49 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 6 6.4 g/kg 63 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.7 g/kg 55 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 13.6 14.7 g/kg 72 % 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 13.8 14.9 g/kg 66 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 19.1 20.6 g/kg 73 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 10.1 10.9 g/kg 66 % 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 7.5 8.1 g/kg 64 % 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 17.6 19 g/kg 65 % 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 7.1 7.7 g/kg 77 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 15.3 16.5 g/kg 78 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 21 22.6 g/kg 74 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 26.3 28.3 g/kg 75 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 48.3 52 g/kg 77 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 11.4 12.2 g/kg 67 % 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 12.7 13.6 g/kg 69 % 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 24.3 26.2 g/kg 90 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.5 16.7 g/kg 81 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6 g/kg 84 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.2 2.4 g/kg 80 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.8 8.4 g/kg 83 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 4 4.3 g/kg 86 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 16.1 17.3 g/kg 85 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.5 18.9 g/kg 84 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 22.3 24 g/kg 85 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.1 14.2 g/kg 86 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.2 11 g/kg 87 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 23.4 25.2 g/kg 86 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.6 8.2 g/kg 82 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.2 18.6 g/kg 88 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 25.1 27.1 g/kg 88 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 29.7 32 g/kg 85 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 55.4 59.8 g/kg 88 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 14.4 15.5 g/kg 85 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.1 16.2 g/kg 82 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 33.4 36 g/kg 85 % Gross energy (MJ) 18.4 19.8 MJ/kg - 16.1 -19.5 3 18.1 -20.4 3 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.5 1.6 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.12 1.2 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.11 1.2 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 70 75 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 123 133 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 267 288 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.09 1.18 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.08 1.17 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 81 87 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 132 143 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 258 278 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1920 2070 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1910 2060 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2920 3150 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83.7 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 80 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.4 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.9 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12.2 13.2 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.1 8.7 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8 8.6 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 77 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.05 1.13 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.03 1.11 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 98 105 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 148 160 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 241 260 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.138 0.148 per kg - Crude fat 3.7 4 % - 3 0 -11 47 3.2 0 -11.6 43 Water insoluble cell walls 6.9 7.5 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 1.3 1.5 g/kg 4.5 % FA 1 C14:0 myristic acid 0.9 1 g/kg 3 % FA 1 C16:0 palmitic acid 13.2 14.3 g/kg 44.2 % FA 1 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 5.1 5.5 g/kg 16.9 % FA 1 C18:0 stearic acid 4.2 4.5 g/kg 13.9 % FA 1 C18:1 oleic acid 2.2 2.4 g/kg 7.3 % FA 1 C18:2 linoleic acid 0.9 0.9 g/kg 2.9 % FA 1 C18:3 linolenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 6.3 6.7 g/kg 50 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 9.4 10.1 g/kg 75 % Available P cockerel 3.1 3.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 3.1 3.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.04 1.13 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.02 1.1 per kg - Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 72.7 % Absorbable P ruminants 11.3 12.1 g/kg 90 % P OM digestibility horse - 89.4 % Energy digestibility horse - 85.9 % Horse Forage Unit 0.98 1.06 per kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3800 4100 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3370 3630 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 86.4 % N digestibility rabbit - 81 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 7.9 8.5 g/kg 20 % DE growing pig (MJ) 15.6 16.9 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME growing pig (MJ) 14.4 15.5 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 9.3 10 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 16 17.3 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.5 15.7 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 9.5 10.3 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 12.3 13.2 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 12.3 13.2 MJ/kg - 1 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.9 12.9 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 15.9 17.1 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 14.1 15.2 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 13.3 14.3 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1043 1124 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1113 1199 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 117 126 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 273 294 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.8 5.2 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.5 1.6 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 78.7 84.8 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.92 4.22 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.09 2.25 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.98 2.13 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.23 2.4 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.56 1.69 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 15 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 17 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7.4 8 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 201 217 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 39 42 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 6 6.5 % - Vitamin A 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin K 0 0 mg/kg - Vitamin C 2.9 3.1 mg/kg - Phytase activity 0 0 IU/kg -