Dry matter
92
100
%
-
1.1
88.4 -94.7
226
1.7
Crude protein
20.7
22.5
%
-
1.7
13.4 -24.9
217
1.8
14.5 -27.5
183
Crude fibre
9.1
9.9
%
-
2.9
2.9 -16.1
168
3.1
3 -17.4
144
Crude fat
34.6
37.6
%
-
4.7
19.3 -43.9
61
5.1
21.1 -47.9
59
Ash
3.9
4.2
%
-
0.8
2.3 -7
227
0.9
2.5 -7.9
214
NDF
23.8
25.9
%
-
7.1
16.1 -38.5
14
7.7
17.3 -41.3
14
ADF
12.9
14.1
%
-
2.2
7.5 -14.9
15
2.4
8.3 -17
17
Lignin
5.3
5.8
%
-
1.2
2.7 -6.2
20
1.3
2.9 -8
23
Water insoluble cell walls
16.6
18
%
-
1
1
Starch
5.5
6
%
-
1
1
Total sugars
2.7
2.9
%
-
2.6 -3.1
4
2.9 -2.9
3
Gross energy (kcal)
5950
6460
kcal/kg
-
220
5780 -6530
8
230
6210 -7020
9
Calcium
2.7
3
g/kg
-
1.1
1.9 -5.3
10
1.2
2 -5.7
10
Phosphorus
5.8
6.3
g/kg
-
0.8
4.8 -7.6
11
0.9
5.3 -8.5
11
Phytate phosphorus
4.1
4.4
g/kg
70
% P
Magnesium
3.6
4
g/kg
-
1
1
Potassium
7.5
8.2
g/kg
-
Sodium
0.48
0.52
g/kg
-
1
1
Chlorine
0.5
0.5
g/kg
-
1
1
Sulfur
2.7
3
g/kg
-
Dietary cation-anion difference
29
32
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
200
217
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
29
32
mg/kg
-
Zinc
46
50
mg/kg
-
Copper
12
13
mg/kg
-
Iron
151
164
mg/kg
-
Molybdenum
0.2
0.2
mg/kg
-
Iodine
0.01
0.01
mg/kg
-
Lysine
8.1
8.8
g/kg
3.9
g/16g N
1.3
5.9 -10.6
7
1.4
6.4 -11.4
9
0.4
3.4-4.7
9
Threonine
9.2
10
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
1.9
5.8 -12.3
7
2.1
6.3 -13.2
9
0.7
3.3-5.3
9
Methionine
4.1
4.4
g/kg
2
g/16g N
0.2
3.6 -4.3
8
0.2
3.9 -4.6
10
0.2
1.6-2.2
10
Cystine
4
4.4
g/kg
1.9
g/16g N
0.6
3.4 -4.2
7
0.7
3.7 -5.7
8
0.2
1.6-2.4
8
Methionine + cystine
8.1
8.8
g/kg
3.9
g/16g N
0.9
6.9 -8.4
6
0.9
7.5 -10.3
7
0.3
3.2-4.3
7
Tryptophan
3.7
4
g/kg
1.8
g/16g N
1
2.8 -4.1
2
Isoleucine
9.8
10.7
g/kg
4.7
g/16g N
1.9
6.5 -12.1
7
2.1
7.1 -13
9
0.6
3.7-5.3
9
Valine
10.8
11.8
g/kg
5.2
g/16g N
1.6
8 -13.1
6
1.8
8.7 -14.1
8
0.4
4.6-5.8
8
Leucine
13.2
14.3
g/kg
6.4
g/16g N
1.9
10.4 -16.7
7
2.1
11.4 -18
9
0.5
5.8-7.2
9
Phenylalanine
11.1
12
g/kg
5.3
g/16g N
2.1
8 -13.3
7
2.3
8.7 -14.6
9
0.7
4.6-6.1
9
Tyrosine
5.8
6.3
g/kg
2.8
g/16g N
1.1
5 -6
3
1.2
5.3 -7.9
5
0.4
2.5-3.3
5
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
16.9
18.4
g/kg
8.1
g/16g N
3.2
14.1 -19.3
3
3.5
15.1 -22.4
5
1.2
7.1-9.4
5
Histidine
4.8
5.2
g/kg
2.3
g/16g N
0.9
3.8 -6.5
7
1
4.1 -7
9
0.3
2-2.8
9
Arginine
20.8
22.6
g/kg
10
g/16g N
3.9
12.9 -26
7
4.3
14.1 -28
8
1.2
7.4-11.2
8
Alanine
9.7
10.5
g/kg
4.7
g/16g N
1.8
7 -12.5
5
1.9
7.6 -13.4
6
0.5
4-5.6
6
Aspartic acid
20.9
22.8
g/kg
10.1
g/16g N
3.7
13 -25.1
6
4
14.2 -27
8
1.1
7.4-10.8
8
Glutamic acid
44.8
48.7
g/kg
21.6
g/16g N
8.4
40.4 -61.6
6
9.2
43.2 -66.2
8
3.3
19-27.5
8
Glycine
12.5
13.5
g/kg
6
g/16g N
2.1
8.8 -16
5
2.3
9.6 -17.2
7
0.7
5-7.1
7
Serine
10.5
11.4
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
1.6
7.8 -12.2
6
1.8
8.5 -13.4
8
0.5
4.5-5.6
8
Proline
7.7
8.3
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
7.2 -10.7
4
7.7 -11.7
4
3.6-6.1
4
C14:0 myristic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.03
% FA
0.05
0-0.1
8
C16:0 palmitic acid
18.5
20.1
g/kg
5.6
% FA
0.8
4.2-7.7
17
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.2
0.3
g/kg
0.08
% FA
0.06
0-0.2
10
C18:0 stearic acid
14.6
15.8
g/kg
4.4
% FA
1.2
2.6-6.4
17
C18:1 oleic acid
66.2
72
g/kg
20.2
% FA
2.4
15.8-24.8
17
C18:2 linoleic acid
48.3
52.5
g/kg
14.7
% FA
1
2
10.2-17.8
17
C18:3 linolenic acid
177
192
g/kg
53.8
% FA
1
3.5
47.8-59.9
17
Fatty acids
32.9
35.7
%
95
% fat
1
Vitamin K
0.04
0.05
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
12.2
13.3
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
2
2.2
mg/kg
-
Niacin
30.8
33.5
mg/kg
-
DE growing pig (kcal)
4600
5000
kcal/kg
-
3040 -5010
4
3340 -5510
4
ME growing pig (kcal)
4430
4810
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
3500
3810
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
4730
5140
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
4520
4920
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
3580
3890
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
77.3
%
50.9-83.9
4
OM digestibility growing pig
-
79
%
57-83.6
3
N digestibility growing pig
-
82.6
%
79.8-91
3
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
84.3
%
44.5-90.3
3
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
79.6
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
82
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
86.4
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
0.7
0.8
g/kg
12
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
3950
4290
kcal/kg
-
1
1
PDIA INRA 2007
43
46
g/kg
-
1
PDIN INRA 2007
133
145
g/kg
-
1
PDIE INRA 2007
71
77
g/kg
-
1
59 -97
2
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
3930
4270
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
81.9
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
78.4
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
73.4
%
1
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
85
%
1
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
78.7
%
Absorbable P ruminants
4.2
4.6
g/kg
73
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
78
%
70-84
2
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
54
%
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
38
%
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.105
h-1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
80
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
60
%
1
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
36
%
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
38
%
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.105
h-1
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.9
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.6
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
7.6
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.1
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
73.9
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
71.2
%
Horse Forage Unit
1.19
1.29
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
158
172
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
4570
4970
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
4380
4750
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
76.9
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
73
%
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.6
6.1
g/kg
69
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
6
6.6
g/kg
66
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.8
3
g/kg
68
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.6
2.8
g/kg
64
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.3
5.8
g/kg
66
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.9
6.4
g/kg
60
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.3
6.8
g/kg
58
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
8.3
9
g/kg
63
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.8
7.3
g/kg
61
%
56-64
2
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.8
3.1
g/kg
59
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
13.7
14.9
g/kg
66
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.8
6.3
g/kg
60
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
12.1
13.2
g/kg
58
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
31.4
34.1
g/kg
70
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.6
8.3
g/kg
61
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.1
6.6
g/kg
58
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
5.3
5.8
g/kg
69
%
Gross energy (MJ)
24.9
27
MJ/kg
-
0.9
24.2 -27.3
8
1
26 -29.4
9
Absorbable Ca ruminants
1.5
1.6
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
61
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.61
1.75
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.63
1.77
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
38
42
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
85
92
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
76
83
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.57
1.71
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.58
1.72
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
44
48
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
89
97
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
72
78
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2760
3000
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2780
3020
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
4150
4500
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
77
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
80.5
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
75
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
82
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.1
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
7.7
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.1
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.9
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
17.2
18.7
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
11.5
12.5
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
11.5
12.5
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
59
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1.49
1.62
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.49
1.62
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
53
57
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
97
105
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
63
69
g/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Phosphorus consumption
9.16
9.96
g P/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Phosphorus consumption
9.16
9.96
g P/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
5.91
6.42
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
6.09
6.62
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Climate change (ILCD)
886
962
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Climate change (ILCD)
895
973
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0185
0.0201
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0186
0.0202
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
80.89
87.89
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
81.15
88.17
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex field
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0005
0.0006
m²yr/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0005
0.0006
m²yr/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.295
0.32
per kg
-
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
2.3
2.5
g/kg
63
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.7
4
g/kg
63
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
10.4
11.3
g/kg
62
%
Insoluble ash
0.1
0.1
%
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
0
0-0
6
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.5
0.6
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.1
0-0.3
13
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.3
0.3
g/kg
0.09
% FA
0.09
0-0.2
10
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
0 -0
2
0 -0
2
0-0
4
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
0 -0
2
0 -0
2
0-0
2
C22:0 behenic acid
0.4
0.4
g/kg
0.1
% FA
0.3 -0.7
3
0.4 -0.8
3
0.09
0-0.2
11
C22:1 erucic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
0.05
% FA
0.1
0-0.3
6
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
0 -0
2
0 -0
2
0-0
3
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
0 -0
2
0 -0
2
0-0
3
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
0.06
% FA
0.05
0-0.1
9
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
1
1.1
g/kg
18
%
AMEn broiler (kcal)
3750
4080
kcal/kg
-
1
Available P cockerel
1.4
1.6
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
1.4
1.6
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.45
1.57
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
1.42
1.54
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
4000
4350
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
67.3
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
85
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
6.1
6.6
g/kg
75
%
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
6.9
7.5
g/kg
75
%
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
3.4
3.7
g/kg
83
%
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
2.9
3.2
g/kg
73
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
6.3
6.8
g/kg
78
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
2.8
3.1
g/kg
76
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
7.8
8.5
g/kg
80
%
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
8.5
9.2
g/kg
78
%
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
10.8
11.7
g/kg
82
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
9.2
10
g/kg
83
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
4.7
5.1
g/kg
81
%
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
13.9
15.1
g/kg
82
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
3.9
4.2
g/kg
81
%
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
18.1
19.7
g/kg
87
%
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
7.4
8
g/kg
77
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
16.5
17.9
g/kg
79
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
38.1
41.4
g/kg
85
%
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
9.1
9.9
g/kg
73
%
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
8.2
8.9
g/kg
78
%
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
6.1
6.6
g/kg
79
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
19.2
20.9
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
18.5
20.1
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
14.7
15.9
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
19.8
21.5
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
18.9
20.6
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
15
16.3
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
16.5
17.9
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
15.7
17.1
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
16.5
17.9
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
19.1
20.8
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
18.3
19.9
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
16.8
18.2
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
1447
1572
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1554
1688
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
55
60
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
113
123
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
2.1
2.3
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
0.9
1
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
107
117
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
4.78
5.19
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
2.96
3.21
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
2.81
3.06
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
2.78
3.02
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
2.01
2.18
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
21
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
24
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
10.2
11.1
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
218
237
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-2
-2
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
1.4
1.5
%
-
Selenium
0.3
0.3
mg/kg
-
Vitamin A
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin E
3.1
3.4
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
6.3
6.8
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
9.9
10.8
mg/kg
-
Vitamin C
6
6.5
mg/kg
-