Dry matter
86.3
100
%
-
1.2
78.6 -98.7
7222
2
Crude protein
7.6
8.8
%
-
0.6
5.7 -10.8
7801
0.7
6.7 -12.2
6752
Crude fibre
2.3
2.6
%
-
0.4
1.3 -3.5
1665
0.5
1.4 -4
1504
Crude fat
3.6
4.1
%
-
0.3
2.4 -5
3470
0.4
2.8 -5.8
3278
Ash
1.2
1.4
%
-
0.1
0.8 -1.8
1888
0.2
0.9 -2.1
1721
Insoluble ash
0.05
0.06
%
-
0.04
0 -0.2
121
0.05
0 -0.2
121
NDF
10.7
12.4
%
-
1.4
6.7 -15.4
261
1.6
7.7 -16.5
161
ADF
2.6
3.1
%
-
0.6
1.7 -4.4
260
0.7
1.9 -8.7
161
Lignin
0.5
0.6
%
-
0.3
0.03 -1.3
209
0.3
0.03 -1.5
111
Water insoluble cell walls
8.3
9.6
%
-
0.6
7 -10.6
163
0.6
8 -11.7
118
Starch
63.8
73.9
%
-
1.6
57.1 -70.8
6531
1.5
57.7 -79.9
5566
Total sugars
1.7
2
%
-
0.5
0.3 -3.4
261
0.6
0.3 -4
195
Gross energy (kcal)
3840
4450
kcal/kg
-
70
3730 -4280
102
60
4310 -4810
306
Calcium
0.4
0.5
g/kg
-
0.4
0 -8.4
934
0.5
0 -9.6
930
Phosphorus
2.5
2.9
g/kg
-
0.3
1.1 -4.6
320
0.3
1.3 -3.6
220
Phytate phosphorus
1.9
2.2
g/kg
75
% P
0.4
1.6 -2.8
5
0.4
1.8 -3.2
8
11
64-94
8
Magnesium
1
1.2
g/kg
-
0.2
0.6 -1.6
139
0.2
0.7 -1.8
158
Potassium
3.1
3.6
g/kg
-
0.4
2.1 -5.4
183
0.5
2.4 -5.2
166
Sodium
0.03
0.04
g/kg
-
0.05
0 -0.34
214
0.06
0 -0.4
190
Chlorine
0.5
0.6
g/kg
-
0.1
0.3 -0.9
128
0.1
0.3 -0.9
99
Sulfur
1.1
1.3
g/kg
-
0.2
1 -1.4
6
0.2
1.1 -1.6
6
Dietary cation-anion difference
-0.8
-0.9
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
67
77
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
9
10
mg/kg
-
9
3 -110
53
10
3 -56
68
Zinc
20
24
mg/kg
-
8
8 -45
38
9
9 -55
53
Copper
3
3
mg/kg
-
1
2 -8
40
2
2 -9
45
Iron
35
40
mg/kg
-
110
15 -115
77
127
21 -790
37
Selenium
0.1
0.1
mg/kg
-
1
Cobalt
0.05
0.05
mg/kg
-
0.02
0.02 -0.09
5
0.03
0.02 -0.1
6
Molybdenum
0.4
0.5
mg/kg
-
0.4
0.2 -1
5
Iodine
0.09
0.1
mg/kg
-
Lysine
2.3
2.7
g/kg
3.1
g/16g N
0.2
1.9 -3.3
163
0.3
2.2 -3.5
54
0.3
2.4-3.8
147
Threonine
2.9
3.3
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
0.3
2.2 -3.5
156
0.3
2.6 -3.8
52
0.2
3-4.2
145
Methionine
1.6
1.9
g/kg
2.1
g/16g N
0.2
1.2 -2
159
0.2
1.3 -2.3
55
0.2
1.4-2.8
148
Cystine
1.9
2.2
g/kg
2.5
g/16g N
0.2
1.3 -2.1
150
0.2
1.5 -2.4
45
0.2
1.8-2.7
138
Methionine + cystine
3.5
4.1
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
0.3
2.2 -4
149
0.3
2.5 -4.4
44
0.3
2.7-4.9
137
Tryptophan
0.5
0.6
g/kg
0.7
g/16g N
0.06
0.4 -0.9
122
0.07
0.5 -0.8
33
0.06
0.5-0.9
123
Isoleucine
2.8
3.3
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
0.3
2.1 -3.7
157
0.4
2.4 -4.1
54
0.2
3-4.4
145
Valine
3.8
4.4
g/kg
5
g/16g N
0.4
2.9 -4.7
157
0.5
3.4 -5.4
53
0.3
4.2-5.8
145
Leucine
9.3
10.8
g/kg
12.2
g/16g N
1.1
6.6 -14.2
156
1.2
7.7 -13
52
0.8
9.7-14.1
144
Phenylalanine
3.7
4.3
g/kg
4.8
g/16g N
0.4
2.6 -4.8
158
0.5
3 -5.1
53
0.3
3.7-5.6
146
Tyrosine
3.2
3.7
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
0.4
1.8 -3.6
108
0.5
2.1 -3.8
18
0.3
2.5-4.6
103
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
6.9
8
g/kg
9
g/16g N
0.8
4.5 -8.3
108
0.9
5.2 -8.7
17
0.5
6.6-10
102
Histidine
2.2
2.6
g/kg
2.9
g/16g N
0.2
1.8 -2.8
158
0.3
2.1 -3.2
54
0.2
2.4-3.5
146
Arginine
3.7
4.2
g/kg
4.8
g/16g N
0.3
2.7 -5.6
159
0.4
3.1 -5
55
0.3
3.8-5.6
148
Alanine
5.6
6.5
g/kg
7.4
g/16g N
0.6
4.2 -7.4
155
0.7
4.9 -8.2
51
0.4
5.9-9.1
143
Aspartic acid
4.9
5.7
g/kg
6.5
g/16g N
0.5
3.9 -6.9
157
0.6
4.5 -7.9
53
0.4
5.7-8.5
146
Glutamic acid
14.1
16.3
g/kg
18.5
g/16g N
1.5
9.9 -18.5
156
1.7
11.5 -19.1
52
1.1
13.7-20.9
145
Glycine
2.9
3.4
g/kg
3.9
g/16g N
0.3
2.5 -4
157
0.3
2.9 -4.3
52
0.3
3.2-4.8
145
Serine
3.8
4.4
g/kg
5
g/16g N
0.4
2.9 -5.1
152
0.4
3.4 -5.5
47
0.3
3.6-6.3
140
Proline
7
8.2
g/kg
9.2
g/16g N
0.6
4.8 -8.6
146
0.7
5.6 -9
43
0.5
7-9.7
136
C14:0 myristic acid
0.04
0.05
g/kg
0.1
% FA
1
1
0.1
0.1-0.4
18
C16:0 palmitic acid
3.2
3.8
g/kg
10.5
% FA
0.6
3 -4.3
7
0.7
3.5 -5.8
8
0.8
8.6-13.6
202
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
1
C18:0 stearic acid
0.6
0.6
g/kg
1.8
% FA
0.08
0.4 -0.6
7
0.09
0.5 -0.7
7
0.2
1.3-2.7
201
C18:1 oleic acid
8
9.3
g/kg
26.1
% FA
1.2
7.4 -9.8
7
1.3
8.6 -13.2
8
3
20-35.4
202
C18:2 linoleic acid
18.3
21.2
g/kg
59.5
% FA
2.3
16.6 -23.8
13
2.7
19.4 -27.2
13
3.4
49.4-67.6
208
C18:3 linolenic acid
0.4
0.5
g/kg
1.3
% FA
0.06
0.3 -0.5
7
0.07
0.4 -0.6
7
0.3
0.3-1.9
202
Fatty acids
3.1
3.6
%
86
% fat
1
4
81-91
5
Vitamin A
2.3
2.7
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin E
17.1
19.8
mg/kg
-
Vitamin K
0.3
0.4
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
3.6
4.1
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
1.4
1.6
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
4.6
5.3
mg/kg
-
4.4 -5.5
2
5.1 -6.2
2
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Niacin
20.7
24
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
5.8
6.7
mg/kg
-
3.3 -7.4
2
3.7 -8.5
2
Folic acid
0.2
0.3
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.06
0.07
mg/kg
-
Choline
532
617
mg/kg
-
Viscosity, real applied
-
0.6
mL/g
0.2
0.1-0.7
18
Xanthophylls
23
26
mg/kg
-
4
2 -44
2081
5
2 -53
662
Phytase activity
20
20
IU/kg
-
30
0 -90
7
30
0 -110
8
DE growing pig (kcal)
3370
3900
kcal/kg
-
140
3040 -3610
31
150
3490 -4140
36
ME growing pig (kcal)
3290
3810
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2630
3050
kcal/kg
-
1
1
DE adult pig (kcal)
3500
4060
kcal/kg
-
1
3920 -4170
3
ME adult pig (kcal)
3400
3940
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2710
3140
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
87.7
%
2.4
80-91.8
33
OM digestibility growing pig
-
90.3
%
1.7
86.3-92
12
N digestibility growing pig
-
80.5
%
5.5
69.9-90
25
N digestibility ileal standardised pig
-
86
%
4.7
71.6-91.5
17
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
59.1
%
8.7
42-77
14
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
91.3
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
93.6
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
91.3
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
0.7
0.8
g/kg
28
%
1
1
17-37
4
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
3160
3660
kcal/kg
-
180
2520 -3540
13
210
2810 -3930
32
AMEn broiler (kcal)
3090
3590
kcal/kg
-
120
2950 -3360
11
130
3340 -3770
13
Available P broiler
0.6
0.7
g/kg
24
% P
PDIA INRA 2007
43
50
g/kg
-
16
28 -79
15
PDIN INRA 2007
59
69
g/kg
-
9
51 -69
4
11
59 -99
15
PDIE INRA 2007
82
95
g/kg
-
13
76 -103
4
15
88 -148
15
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2870
3320
kcal/kg
-
150
160
3030 -3590
20
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
88.5
%
5.6
76.3-97.1
21
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
91
%
5.3
81-99
21
N digestibility ruminants
-
68
%
23.5-94
3
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
90
%
1
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
73.3
%
Absorbable P ruminants
1.9
2.2
g/kg
75
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
44
%
10
25-67
33
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
11
%
13
6-43
8
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
82
%
24
25-88
8
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.04
h-1
0.012
0.026-0.07
8
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
60
%
57-60
2
Immediately degradable starch (a)
-
23
%
20-40
2
Potentially degradable starch (b)
-
77
%
60-79
2
Degradation rate of particles starch (c)
-
0.055
h-1
0.03-0.057
2
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
56
%
13
38-76
11
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
20
%
17
-6-45
6
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
76
%
17
54-103
6
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.055
h-1
0.028
0.018-0.08
6
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.6
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
10
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.3
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.6
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
89.7
%
1
Energy digestibility horse
-
86.1
%
Horse Forage Unit
1.12
1.29
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
53
62
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3200
3710
kcal/kg
-
3070 -3660
2
3390 -4260
4
ME rabbit (kcal)
3120
3620
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
83.4
%
76.2-92
3
N digestibility rabbit
-
71.4
%
62.4-84.2
4
DE salmonids (kcal)
1500
1740
kcal/kg
-
1
1
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
39
%
1
N digestibility salmonids
-
95
%
1
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
1.9
2.2
g/kg
80
%
0.2
1.7 -2.2
6
0.3
1.9 -2.6
6
7
64-87
20
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
2.4
2.7
g/kg
83
%
0.4
1.8 -2.9
6
0.5
2 -3.3
6
7
60-91
20
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
1.5
1.7
g/kg
91
%
0.2
1.2 -1.7
6
0.3
1.4 -2
6
5
73-96
19
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
1.7
2
g/kg
89
%
6
73-94
16
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
3.2
3.7
g/kg
90
%
0.4
2.4 -3.4
5
0.5
2.7 -3.9
5
4
79-94
14
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
0.4
0.5
g/kg
80
%
7
76-99
10
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
2.5
2.9
g/kg
88
%
0.4
2.4 -3.4
6
0.4
2.7 -3.9
6
5
75-93
20
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
3.3
3.9
g/kg
87
%
0.5
3.3 -4.5
6
0.6
3.6 -5.2
6
5
74-94
20
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
8.6
10
g/kg
93
%
1.8
7.3 -12.4
6
2
8.7 -14.3
6
5
80-96
20
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
3.4
3.9
g/kg
91
%
0.6
3.1 -4.6
6
0.7
3.6 -5.3
6
4
80-95
19
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
2.9
3.4
g/kg
90
%
0.3
2.5 -3.4
6
0.4
2.8 -3.9
6
5
79-94
17
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
6.3
7.3
g/kg
91
%
0.9
5.8 -8
5
1.1
6.5 -9.2
5
4
80-95
14
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
2
2.3
g/kg
89
%
0.2
1.7 -2.3
6
0.2
2 -2.7
6
5
75-94
19
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
3.3
3.8
g/kg
91
%
0.2
3 -3.7
6
0.3
3.4 -4.2
6
4
78-95
20
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
5
5.8
g/kg
89
%
0.9
4.9 -7.1
6
1
5.5 -8.2
6
4
79-95
18
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
4.3
5
g/kg
87
%
0.7
4 -5.6
6
0.8
4.4 -6.4
6
6
72-94
18
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
13
15.1
g/kg
93
%
2.3
12 -18.2
6
2.7
13.5 -21
6
3
84-96
18
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
2.4
2.8
g/kg
82
%
0.5
1.8 -2.8
5
0.6
2 -3.3
5
9
58-93
16
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
3.4
3.9
g/kg
89
%
0.6
3 -4.5
6
0.7
3.4 -5.2
6
5
74-96
18
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
6.3
7.2
g/kg
89
%
1
4.7 -7.3
6
1.2
5.6 -8.4
6
5
79-97
9
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.1
2.4
g/kg
90
%
6
71-99
16
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.4
2.7
g/kg
83
%
7
69-93
16
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.5
1.8
g/kg
94
%
3
88-100
16
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.6
1.9
g/kg
86
%
6
75-94
16
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.2
3.7
g/kg
90
%
5
83-95
5
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
0.4
0.5
g/kg
85
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.6
3
g/kg
93
%
5
79-100
16
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
4
g/kg
90
%
5
76-99
16
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
8.7
10.1
g/kg
94
%
3
86-97
16
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.4
4
g/kg
93
%
5
83-100
16
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.8
3.3
g/kg
88
%
4
82-95
12
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.2
7.2
g/kg
91
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
2
2.3
g/kg
90
%
3
86-97
16
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.4
3.9
g/kg
93
%
3
86-96
16
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.2
6.1
g/kg
93
%
3
85-97
15
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
4.4
5.1
g/kg
89
%
6
78-97
15
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
13.4
15.5
g/kg
95
%
3
90-100
15
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.5
2.9
g/kg
86
%
5
77-90
9
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
4
g/kg
91
%
6
79-100
16
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
6.4
7.4
g/kg
91
%
3
84-96
13
Gross energy (MJ)
16.1
18.6
MJ/kg
-
0.3
15.6 -17.9
102
0.2
18 -20.1
306
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.2
0.2
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
79
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.13
1.31
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.16
1.35
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
33
38
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
81
93
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
-47
-55
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.11
1.29
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.14
1.33
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
37
42
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
82
95
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
-48
-55
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1960
2270
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2010
2330
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2880
3340
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
89.6
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
87.2
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
47
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
61
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.9
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.9
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.2
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.7
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
10.1
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.3
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.7
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
11.7
13.6
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.9
9.1
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8
9.3
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
58
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1.08
1.25
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.1
1.27
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
42
48
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
84
98
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-49
-57
g/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Phosphorus consumption
2.87
3.32
g P/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
4.35
5.05
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Climate change (ILCD)
443
513
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0129
0.015
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
56.73
65.77
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0002
0.0002
m²yr/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.29
0.336
per kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.1 -0.3
3
0.1 -0.3
3
0.2
0.1-1.2
186
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
1.1
1.2
g/kg
42
%
Available P cockerel
0.6
0.7
g/kg
24
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.09
1.26
per kg
-
1
0.06
1.03 -1.27
11
UFV INRA 2007
1.11
1.28
per kg
-
1
0.08
0.99 -1.29
11
DE growing pig (MJ)
14.1
16.3
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
13.8
15.9
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
11
12.8
MJ/kg
-
1
1
DE adult pig (MJ)
14.7
17
MJ/kg
-
1
ME adult pig (MJ)
14.2
16.5
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
11.3
13.1
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
13.2
15.3
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
12.9
15
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
12
13.9
MJ/kg
-
140
DE rabbit (MJ)
13.4
15.5
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
13.1
15.2
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
6.3
7.3
MJ/kg
-
1
1
VEM CVB 2018
1090
1264
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1213
1406
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
80
93
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
-40
-46
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
4.6
5.3
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
2.1
2.4
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
77
89.3
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.33
3.86
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.74
2.02
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.65
1.91
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.87
2.17
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.29
1.49
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
53
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
60
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
7.7
8.9
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
141
164
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-10
-12
g/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field
Phosphorus consumption
1.34
1.55
g P/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field
Phosphorus consumption
4.03
4.67
g P/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field
Phosphorus consumption
3.94
4.57
g P/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field
Phosphorus consumption
4.85
5.62
g P/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
3.12
3.61
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
3.43
3.98
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
3.29
3.82
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
3.43
3.98
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field
Climate change (ILCD)
289
335
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field
Climate change (ILCD)
288
334
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field
Climate change (ILCD)
278
322
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field
Climate change (ILCD)
294
340
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0119
0.0138
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0128
0.0148
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0121
0.014
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field
Acidification (ILCD)
0.012
0.0139
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
52.41
60.76
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
55.54
64.38
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
52.38
60.73
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
51.75
60
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0001
0.0002
m²yr/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0002
0.0002
m²yr/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0002
0.0002
m²yr/kg
-
Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0002
0.0002
m²yr/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
59.3
68.8
%
-
2.6
55.8 -66.7
46
2.9
64 -78
59
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-