Dry matter
88
100
%
-
0.8
86.3 -95.9
1259
1.3
Crude protein
48.5
55.2
%
-
1.5
43.8 -52
2206
1.6
48.9 -58.5
1372
Crude fibre
3.9
4.4
%
-
0.5
1.6 -5
415
0.6
1.6 -5.7
382
Crude fat
1.5
1.7
%
-
0.5
0.4 -3.4
1151
0.6
0.4 -3.8
1130
Ash
6.4
7.3
%
-
0.5
5.5 -8.1
343
0.5
6.1 -9.2
315
Insoluble ash
0.06
0.07
%
-
0.05
0.01 -0.1
8
0.05
0.01 -0.2
8
NDF
9.3
10.5
%
-
1.5
6 -10.3
13
1.7
6.2 -12.1
19
ADF
5
5.7
%
-
1.1
3.2 -5.1
8
1.2
3.6 -8.1
11
Lignin
0.4
0.4
%
-
0.3
0.1 -1
23
0.3
0.1 -1.2
25
Water insoluble cell walls
15.3
17.4
%
-
1
17.1 -17.6
2
Starch
5.5
6.3
%
-
1.3
3.4 -8.9
45
1.5
3.4 -9.9
40
Total sugars
9.5
10.8
%
-
0.9
7.5 -11
30
1
8.6 -12.4
29
Gross energy (kcal)
4150
4710
kcal/kg
-
80
4060 -4570
19
80
4590 -4980
20
Calcium
3.4
3.9
g/kg
-
0.6
1.8 -5.3
361
0.7
2 -6
359
Phosphorus
6.2
7.1
g/kg
-
0.5
5 -8.3
362
0.6
5.7 -8.9
362
Phytate phosphorus
3.7
4.3
g/kg
60
% P
1
0.5
3.1 -4.5
5
45-60
4
Magnesium
2.8
3.2
g/kg
-
0.3
2.6 -3.4
7
0.3
3 -3.9
7
Potassium
21.4
24.3
g/kg
-
0.8
20.7 -24
11
Sodium
0.11
0.13
g/kg
-
0.16
0 -0.54
25
0.18
0.01 -0.61
24
Chlorine
0.9
1
g/kg
-
0.9
0.4 -2.8
7
1
0.4 -3.2
7
Sulfur
4.1
4.6
g/kg
-
0.2
3.9 -4.5
6
0.3
4.4 -5.1
6
Dietary cation-anion difference
273
311
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
527
599
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
39
44
mg/kg
-
11
36 -66
9
12
25 -75
10
Zinc
50
57
mg/kg
-
9
41 -61
8
11
45 -77
9
Copper
15
17
mg/kg
-
1
14 -17
8
1
15 -19
8
Iron
177
201
mg/kg
-
38
50 -460
9
Selenium
0.4
0.5
mg/kg
-
0.4 -0.4
2
0.4 -0.5
2
Cobalt
0.1
0.1
mg/kg
-
Molybdenum
3
3
mg/kg
-
0.5
3 -4
5
0.5
3 -4
5
Iodine
0.2
0.3
mg/kg
-
Lysine
30.2
34.3
g/kg
6.2
g/16g N
1.5
25.6 -34.4
178
1.7
27.2 -38.2
137
0.3
5.2-7
164
Threonine
18.4
20.9
g/kg
3.8
g/16g N
1.4
16.2 -23.6
92
1.5
18.5 -25.9
67
0.3
3.4-4.6
92
Methionine
6.9
7.9
g/kg
1.4
g/16g N
0.6
4.8 -8.2
117
0.7
5.1 -8.9
90
0.1
1-1.6
115
Cystine
7.7
8.7
g/kg
1.6
g/16g N
0.7
4.2 -8.2
94
0.8
4.4 -9.4
67
0.1
0.8-1.7
93
Methionine + cystine
14.6
16.6
g/kg
3
g/16g N
1.1
9.4 -15.4
95
1.2
9.8 -17.1
67
0.2
1.8-3.1
93
Tryptophan
6.8
7.7
g/kg
1.4
g/16g N
0.4
5.3 -7.1
53
0.5
5.9 -7.8
27
0.07
1.1-1.4
52
Isoleucine
22.1
25.1
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
1.7
18.5 -25.4
78
1.9
20.2 -28.4
54
0.2
3.8-5.1
81
Valine
23.4
26.6
g/kg
4.8
g/16g N
1.9
18.5 -29.1
88
2.1
21.1 -32.1
62
0.3
4.1-5.8
89
Leucine
37.2
42.2
g/kg
7.7
g/16g N
2.2
29.6 -42.6
84
2.5
33.8 -46.7
59
0.4
6.5-8.7
86
Phenylalanine
24.5
27.9
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
1.6
19.9 -28.5
89
1.8
22.7 -31.3
64
0.2
4.4-5.7
91
Tyrosine
17.1
19.4
g/kg
3.5
g/16g N
1.8
14.5 -21.6
69
2
15.8 -23.4
50
0.3
2.9-4.4
72
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
41.6
47.3
g/kg
8.6
g/16g N
3
34.4 -49.5
69
3.4
39.2 -53.7
49
0.5
7.7-10.1
71
Histidine
12.9
14.7
g/kg
2.7
g/16g N
1
11.1 -15.6
78
1.1
12.6 -17.7
53
0.2
2.4-3.2
80
Arginine
35.5
40.3
g/kg
7.3
g/16g N
2.8
30.3 -44.9
87
3.1
32.9 -48.9
63
0.5
6-9.1
90
Alanine
21.1
24
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
1.9
18 -27.6
87
2.2
20.3 -31.2
62
0.3
3.8-5.8
89
Aspartic acid
54.9
62.4
g/kg
11.3
g/16g N
3.9
23.2 -72.8
86
4.4
50.9 -75.9
61
0.6
9-14.1
87
Glutamic acid
86.8
98.7
g/kg
17.9
g/16g N
6.6
71.9 -105
85
7.4
80.9 -119
60
1
15-21.7
87
Glycine
20.3
23.1
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
1.1
16.9 -23.8
87
1.2
19.3 -25.8
61
0.2
3.8-4.9
89
Serine
22.3
25.4
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
2.1
20 -30.5
89
2.4
22.5 -34.9
64
0.4
4.2-6.1
91
Proline
24.1
27.4
g/kg
5
g/16g N
2.1
20.5 -30.6
44
2.3
24.5 -35
18
0.3
4.5-6.2
45
C14:0 myristic acid
0.02
0.03
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.3
0-1.1
14
C16:0 palmitic acid
1.3
1.4
g/kg
11.2
% FA
1.2 -1.3
2
1.4 -1.5
2
2.2
9.6-20.8
22
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.01
0.01
g/kg
0.1
% FA
1
1
0.08
0-0.2
7
C18:0 stearic acid
0.4
0.5
g/kg
3.8
% FA
0.4
3.2-4.8
22
C18:1 oleic acid
2.6
3
g/kg
23.1
% FA
1.6
19.8-27.3
23
C18:2 linoleic acid
6.1
6.9
g/kg
54
% FA
2.9
42.9-58.2
22
C18:3 linolenic acid
0.8
0.9
g/kg
7.2
% FA
0.9
4.8-8.7
22
Fatty acids
1.1
1.3
%
75
% fat
Vitamin E
4
4.6
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
2.7
3.1
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
2.9
3.3
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
6.4
7.3
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Niacin
21.7
24.7
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
14.2
16.2
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0.7
0.8
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.3
0.4
mg/kg
-
Choline
2720
3092
mg/kg
-
Phytase activity
20
20
IU/kg
-
1
DE growing pig (kcal)
3630
4130
kcal/kg
-
1
1
ME growing pig (kcal)
3310
3770
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2060
2340
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3820
4340
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3460
3930
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2180
2470
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
87.5
%
1
OM digestibility growing pig
-
88.1
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
90.1
%
1
N digestibility ileal standardised pig
-
89.8
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
28.8
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
92
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
92.6
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
92.4
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
2
2.3
g/kg
32
%
1
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2390
2720
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2350
2670
kcal/kg
-
Available P broiler
1.4
1.6
g/kg
22
% P
PDIA INRA 2007
192
219
g/kg
-
1
PDIN INRA 2007
356
405
g/kg
-
1
PDIE INRA 2007
243
276
g/kg
-
1
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2820
3200
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
91.6
%
1
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
91.1
%
1
N digestibility ruminants
-
80.2
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
96
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
62.9
%
Absorbable P ruminants
4.4
5
g/kg
70
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
63
%
1
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
13
%
1
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
85
%
1
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.085
h-1
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
80
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
67
%
1
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
26
%
1
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
71
%
1
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.08
h-1
1
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.9
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.7
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.5
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.3
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.4
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.4
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.6
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
86.4
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
83
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.85
0.97
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
404
460
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3610
4100
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
3150
3580
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
87.1
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
79.9
%
DE salmonids (kcal)
3110
3530
kcal/kg
-
3360 -3840
4
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
75
%
66-75
4
N digestibility salmonids
-
95
%
77.1-95.9
4
Digestible P salmonids
1
1.1
g/kg
16
%
0.4 -2.1
3
0.5 -2.5
3
5-33
3
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
27.7
31.5
g/kg
92
%
24.4 -32.4
4
27.7 -33.8
4
84-94
4
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
16.3
18.5
g/kg
89
%
13.7 -21.5
4
15.6 -22.4
4
75-91
4
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
6.4
7.3
g/kg
92
%
87-96
4
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
6.8
7.8
g/kg
89
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
13.2
15
g/kg
91
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
6.2
7.1
g/kg
91
%
1
1
1
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
20.2
22.9
g/kg
91
%
18.3 -23.8
4
20.7 -24.8
4
81-94
4
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
21.1
24
g/kg
90
%
18.7 -26.9
4
21.3 -28
4
80-94
4
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
33.8
38.5
g/kg
91
%
29.9 -38.5
4
33.9 -40.1
4
82-94
4
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
22.7
25.8
g/kg
92
%
19.7 -25.1
4
22.4 -26.2
4
80-95
4
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
15.8
18
g/kg
93
%
15.1 -19
3
17.1 -19.8
3
89-95
3
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
38.5
43.8
g/kg
93
%
35.8 -40.2
2
40.5 -45
2
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
11.9
13.6
g/kg
92
%
86-95
4
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
33.8
38.4
g/kg
95
%
31.4 -39.1
4
35.6 -40.8
4
89-97
4
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
18.6
21.2
g/kg
88
%
16.8 -21.2
4
19 -22.1
4
81-93
4
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
50.1
56.9
g/kg
91
%
44.9 -64.3
4
51 -67.1
4
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
80.5
91.5
g/kg
93
%
72.9 -94.7
4
81.4 -107
4
85-95
4
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
18.1
20.6
g/kg
89
%
15.8 -18.8
4
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
20.4
23.1
g/kg
91
%
18.3 -26.5
4
20.8 -27.6
4
79-92
4
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
22.1
25.1
g/kg
92
%
22 -25
4
24.9 -26.4
4
82-95
4
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
26.6
30.2
g/kg
88
%
2
87-92
8
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
15.3
17.3
g/kg
83
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.2
7.1
g/kg
90
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.8
6.5
g/kg
75
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
12
13.6
g/kg
82
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
6.1
6.9
g/kg
89
%
88-94
3
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
19.2
21.9
g/kg
87
%
2
86-93
8
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
20.1
22.9
g/kg
86
%
2
86-92
8
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
32.3
36.8
g/kg
87
%
2
85-92
8
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
21.3
24.3
g/kg
87
%
3
86-94
8
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
15
17.1
g/kg
88
%
86-89
4
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
36.3
41.3
g/kg
87
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
11.3
12.8
g/kg
87
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
31.9
36.3
g/kg
90
%
2
89-94
8
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
18.1
20.6
g/kg
86
%
2
85-92
7
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
46.1
52.4
g/kg
84
%
2
83-89
7
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
77.3
87.8
g/kg
89
%
2
87-93
7
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
17
19.4
g/kg
84
%
2
84-90
8
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
19.2
21.8
g/kg
86
%
3
84-92
8
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
20.7
23.6
g/kg
86
%
2
86-91
7
Gross energy (MJ)
17.4
19.7
MJ/kg
-
0.3
17 -19.1
19
0.3
19.2 -20.8
20
Absorbable Ca ruminants
1.9
2.1
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
85
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.14
1.3
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.16
1.32
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
135
153
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
185
211
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
254
289
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.12
1.28
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.14
1.29
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
161
183
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
209
237
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
230
262
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1980
2250
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2000
2270
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2950
3350
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
89.7
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
90.2
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
65
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
82
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.9
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.5
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
1.5
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.8
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.5
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.5
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.7
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
12.4
14.1
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8.3
9.5
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8.4
9.6
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
67
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1.08
1.23
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.08
1.23
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
196
222
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
242
275
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
197
224
g/kg
-
Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory
Phosphorus consumption
7.68
8.73
g P/kg
-
Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
6.72
7.64
MJ/kg
-
Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory
Climate change (ILCD)
482
547
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0093
0.0106
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
36.17
41.12
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin USA, processed in France, ex factory
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0004
0.0005
m²yr/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.223
0.253
per kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
0
0-0.01
5
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.03
0.04
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.09
0.1-0.4
11
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.02
0.02
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.04
0.1-0.2
6
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C22:0 behenic acid
0.05
0.06
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.4-0.5
2
C22:1 erucic acid
0.02
0.02
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0-0.3
2
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0.02
0.03
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.2-0.2
2
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
3
3.4
g/kg
48
%
Available P cockerel
1.4
1.6
g/kg
22
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.05
1.19
per kg
-
1
UFV INRA 2007
1.03
1.18
per kg
-
1
DE growing pig (MJ)
15.2
17.3
MJ/kg
-
1
1
ME growing pig (MJ)
13.9
15.8
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
8.6
9.8
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
16
18.2
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
14.5
16.5
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
9.1
10.4
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
10
11.4
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
9.8
11.2
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
11.8
13.4
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
15.1
17.2
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
13.2
15
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
13
14.8
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
1044
1187
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1131
1286
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
237
270
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
205
233
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
5.7
6.5
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.7
1.9
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
72.4
82.4
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.71
4.21
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.97
2.24
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.86
2.12
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
2.11
2.4
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.48
1.68
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
34
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
42
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
7.4
8.4
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
297
337
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
30
34
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
0.9
1.1
%
-
0.4 -1.9
3
0.4 -2.1
3
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin C
0
0
mg/kg
-