Dry matter 89.6 100 % - 1.4 80.7 -95.8 1020 2.2 Crude protein 27.3 30.4 % - 1.6 21.7 -37.3 1077 1.7 24.6 -41.6 1026 Crude fibre 7.1 7.9 % - 1 4.6 -11.2 634 1.1 5.1 -12.2 605 Crude fat 12.6 14 % - 1.8 6.1 -17 374 2 6.7 -18.5 358 Ash 4.4 4.9 % - 0.7 1.2 -7.8 706 0.8 1.3 -8.6 675 NDF 31.9 35.6 % - 6.1 19.6 -45.2 106 6.8 22.7 -51.1 102 ADF 9.4 10.5 % - 3.3 4.7 -21.9 135 3.7 5.2 -26.9 137 Lignin 2.7 3 % - 1.2 0.9 -4.7 39 1.3 1 -5.1 40 Water insoluble cell walls 31.2 34.8 % - 1 Starch 4.5 5 % - 1.8 0.3 -16 649 2.1 0.3 -18 609 Total sugars 2.6 2.9 % - 2.4 0.3 -4.6 20 2.7 0.3 -11 21 Gross energy (kcal) 4640 5180 kcal/kg - 240 4160 -5150 37 260 4770 -5700 42 Calcium 0.6 0.7 g/kg - 0.9 0.07 -5.7 109 1 0.08 -6.4 102 Phosphorus 7.7 8.5 g/kg - 1.1 3.9 -9.9 187 1.2 4.2 -11 179 Phytate phosphorus 1.9 2.1 g/kg 25 % P 1 1 1 Magnesium 2.9 3.3 g/kg - 0.7 0.8 -6.2 73 0.8 0.9 -7 84 Potassium 9.9 11.1 g/kg - 1.9 2.7 -13.2 116 2.1 3 -14.9 77 Sodium 2.64 2.95 g/kg - 1.49 0.09 -9.1 303 1.66 0.1 -9.39 252 Chlorine 1.7 1.9 g/kg - 0.4 1.1 -3.5 86 0.4 1.2 -4 86 Sulfur 6.1 6.8 g/kg - 2.3 2.7 -17.3 67 2.5 3.1 -19.3 78 Dietary cation-anion difference -61 -68 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 321 358 mEq/kg - Manganese 20 23 mg/kg - 15 4 -107 74 16 5 -123 84 Zinc 60 66 mg/kg - 27 32 -232 66 30 37 -254 76 Copper 5 6 mg/kg - 2 3 -12 66 3 0 -13 76 Iron 111 124 mg/kg - 56 46 -352 66 62 54 -436 76 Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - 0.3 0 -0.8 10 0.3 0 -0.9 9 Cobalt 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Molybdenum 2 2 mg/kg - 0.7 0.7 -3 13 Iodine 0 0 mg/kg - 1 Lysine 7.9 8.8 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 1.2 3.2 -11.2 256 1.3 3.7 -12.9 167 0.4 1.4-4 178 Threonine 9.9 11 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1.1 4.9 -13.1 118 1.3 5.6 -15.6 106 0.3 2.2-4.8 114 Methionine 5.2 5.8 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 0.7 2.5 -7.1 121 0.8 2.9 -8.1 109 0.2 1.1-2.5 117 Cystine 5.5 6.1 g/kg 2 g/16g N 0.7 3.7 -6.7 115 0.8 4.1 -7.6 103 0.2 1.6-2.4 111 Methionine + cystine 10.6 11.9 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.3 7.6 -13.7 115 1.5 8.5 -15.5 102 0.4 3.2-5 110 Tryptophan 2 2.3 g/kg 0.7 g/16g N 0.3 0.8 -2.8 101 0.4 1 -3.1 94 0.1 0.4-0.9 101 Isoleucine 9.9 11.1 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1.4 3.8 -14.8 120 1.5 4.4 -16.7 108 0.4 1.7-4.6 116 Valine 13.5 15 g/kg 4.9 g/16g N 1.6 5.5 -17.7 117 1.8 6.3 -20.2 105 0.5 2.4-5.7 113 Leucine 30.3 33.8 g/kg 11.1 g/16g N 3.6 15.8 -44.9 118 3.9 18.2 -51.2 106 0.8 7-13.3 114 Phenylalanine 12.4 13.8 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 1.6 6.3 -17.2 114 1.7 7.2 -19.6 106 0.3 2.8-5.7 114 Tyrosine 8.6 9.6 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 1.1 8 -12.8 64 1.3 9.1 -14.6 51 0.3 3-4.5 64 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 21 23.4 g/kg 7.7 g/16g N 2.6 17.9 -30 64 2.8 20.2 -34.2 50 0.5 7.3-9.6 63 Histidine 7.4 8.2 g/kg 2.7 g/16g N 0.9 3.1 -9.4 113 1 3.5 -10.7 106 0.2 1.4-3.2 113 Arginine 11.1 12.4 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 1.4 5 -15 116 1.5 5.7 -16.8 104 0.4 2.2-5.1 112 Alanine 18.5 20.7 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N 2.5 14.2 -26.9 96 2.7 16.2 -30.4 80 0.4 5.5-7.7 92 Aspartic acid 17.3 19.3 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N 2.3 13.9 -25.5 94 2.5 15.5 -28.8 79 0.4 5.1-7.3 90 Glutamic acid 40.3 45 g/kg 14.8 g/16g N 8.1 26.3 -60 88 9 29.3 -68.4 77 2 11.4-18.3 89 Glycine 10.9 12.2 g/kg 4 g/16g N 1.3 8.7 -16.5 92 1.4 9.5 -18.6 80 0.3 3.4-4.7 93 Serine 11.8 13.2 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.8 9.1 -16.6 97 2 10.5 -19 80 0.5 3.4-5.9 93 Proline 21.2 23.7 g/kg 7.8 g/16g N 2.8 14.9 -28 94 3.1 16.6 -30.6 77 0.6 5.5-9.1 90 C14:0 myristic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.1 -0.4 2 0.1 -0.4 2 0.1 0.1-0.4 18 C16:0 palmitic acid 9.9 11.1 g/kg 10.5 % FA 0.8 8.6-13.6 202 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C18:0 stearic acid 1.7 1.9 g/kg 1.8 % FA 0.2 1.3-2.7 201 C18:1 oleic acid 24.6 27.5 g/kg 26.1 % FA 3 20-35.4 202 C18:2 linoleic acid 56.1 62.6 g/kg 59.5 % FA 3.4 49.4-67.6 208 C18:3 linolenic acid 1.3 1.4 g/kg 1.3 % FA 0.3 0.3-1.9 202 Fatty acids 9.4 10.5 % 75 % fat Vitamin A 0.9 1 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 38.5 43 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 3 3.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 8.5 9.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 6.9 7.6 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 12.81 14.29 µg/kg - Niacin 74.3 82.9 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 13.7 15.3 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.9 1 mg/kg - Biotin 0.6 0.7 mg/kg - Choline 2256 2517 mg/kg - Xanthophylls 55 61 mg/kg - 9 32 -103 119 10 45 -98 45 Phytase activity 390 440 IU/kg - 260 -530 2 300 -580 2 DE growing pig (kcal) 3390 3790 kcal/kg - 180 3300 -4040 8 190 3710 -4330 8 ME growing pig (kcal) 3200 3570 kcal/kg - 200 3040 -3860 8 220 3410 -4140 8 NE growing pig (kcal) 2200 2450 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3740 4170 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3470 3870 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2420 2700 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 73.2 % 72.9-78.7 2 OM digestibility growing pig - 75.6 % N digestibility growing pig - 62.5 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 62 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 71.9 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 80.7 % OM digestibility adult pig - 83.8 % N digestibility adult pig - 70.2 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 4.2 4.7 g/kg 56 % 1 AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2780 3100 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2710 3020 kcal/kg - 200 2320 -2760 5 210 2590 -3100 5 PDIA INRA 2007 119 133 g/kg - 1 PDIN INRA 2007 200 223 g/kg - 1 PDIE INRA 2007 162 180 g/kg - 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3160 3530 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 86 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 85.1 % N digestibility ruminants - 77.3 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 77.3 % Absorbable P ruminants 5.2 5.8 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 56 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 25 % 17-45 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 60 % 40-74 2 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.065 h-1 0.027 0.027-0.1 5 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 89 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 78 % 1 Potentially degradable starch (b) - 17 % 1 Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.136 h-1 1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 65 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 40 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 49 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.06 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 10.9 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.5 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.6 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 70 % Energy digestibility horse - 67.5 % Horse Forage Unit 0.81 0.91 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 210 235 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3430 3830 kcal/kg - 1 ME rabbit (kcal) 3200 3570 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 73.9 % 71.8-74.1 2 N digestibility rabbit - 69.3 % 1 DE salmonids (kcal) 3030 3380 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 56.5 % 53.8-59.2 2 N digestibility salmonids - 84.2 % 80.8-87.6 2 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.9 5.5 g/kg 62 % 7 44-78 35 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 6.9 7.7 g/kg 70 % 4 62-77 35 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 4.2 4.7 g/kg 82 % 3 74-89 35 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.5 g/kg 73 % 4 66-81 35 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 8.2 9.2 g/kg 77 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.5 1.6 g/kg 73 % 8 56-88 35 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.5 8.3 g/kg 75 % 4 67-83 35 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 10 11.2 g/kg 75 % 4 67-87 35 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 25 27.9 g/kg 83 % 3 75-89 35 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 10 11.2 g/kg 81 % 3 74-87 35 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 6.8 7.6 g/kg 80 % 3 75-84 11 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 16.8 18.8 g/kg 80 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.3 g/kg 77 % 4 70-84 35 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 9 10 g/kg 81 % 5 74-91 35 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 14.4 16.1 g/kg 78 % 4 70-83 34 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 12 13.4 g/kg 69 % 4 62-75 34 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 31.7 35.4 g/kg 79 % 5 67-87 34 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 7.2 8 g/kg 66 % 9 53-85 34 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 9 10.1 g/kg 77 % 4 70-83 34 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 13.3 14.8 g/kg 63 % 20 47-121 34 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.5 6.2 g/kg 70 % 1 8 52-82 22 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.1 7.9 g/kg 72 % 1 5 63-81 22 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5 g/kg 86 % 1 8 63-98 22 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.4 4.9 g/kg 80 % 1 7 67-92 21 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.8 9.9 g/kg 83 % 4 77-87 6 Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 85 % 6 73-90 8 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 8 8.9 g/kg 81 % 1 5 69-86 22 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.6 11.8 g/kg 79 % 1 4 71-85 22 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 25.9 28.9 g/kg 86 % 1 5 69-93 22 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.4 11.6 g/kg 84 % 1 4 77-90 18 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.2 8 g/kg 84 % 1 6 69-90 13 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.6 19.7 g/kg 84 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.7 6.4 g/kg 77 % 1 7 67-89 18 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.2 10.3 g/kg 83 % 1 5 75-90 22 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 15 16.7 g/kg 81 % 1 6 68-89 21 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 12.5 13.9 g/kg 72 % 1 6 61-81 20 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 34.5 38.5 g/kg 86 % 1 4 78-93 21 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.5 8.3 g/kg 68 % 1 13 34-81 11 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.6 10.7 g/kg 81 % 1 4 73-87 22 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 17.5 19.5 g/kg 82 % 1 6 64-91 21 Gross energy (MJ) 19.4 21.7 MJ/kg - 1 17.4 -21.6 37 1.1 19.9 -23.9 42 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.3 0.4 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 79 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.27 1.42 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.29 1.44 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 95 106 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 145 162 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 76 85 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.25 1.39 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.26 1.41 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 106 118 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 154 172 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 66 74 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2200 2450 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2220 2480 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3280 3660 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 83.7 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 84.6 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 57 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 83 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.1 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.4 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 11.2 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.6 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 13.5 15.1 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9 10.1 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.1 10.1 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 63 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.2 1.34 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.2 1.34 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 121 135 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 168 187 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 52 58 g/kg - Origin France, ex factory Phosphorus consumption 2.04 2.28 g P/kg - Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France) Phosphorus consumption 2.47 2.75 g P/kg - Origin France, ex factory Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 12.52 13.97 MJ/kg - Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France) Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 9.48 10.58 MJ/kg - Origin France, ex factory Climate change (ILCD) 824 920 g CO2eq/kg - Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France) Climate change (ILCD) 738 823 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Acidification (ILCD) 0.0101 0.0112 mol H+eq/kg - Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France) Acidification (ILCD) 0.0088 0.0098 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Eutrophication (CML baseline) 42.14 47.01 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France) Eutrophication (CML baseline) 30.39 33.9 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, ex factory Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0009 0.001 m²yr/kg - Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France) Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0002 0.0003 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.25 0.278 per kg - Insoluble ash 0.4 0.5 % - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.5 0.6 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.2 0.1-1.2 186 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 6.4 7.1 g/kg 83 % Available P cockerel 1.9 2.1 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.9 2.1 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.17 1.31 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.16 1.3 per kg - DE growing pig (MJ) 14.2 15.8 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 13.4 15 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 9.2 10.3 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 15.7 17.5 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 14.5 16.2 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 10.1 11.3 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 11.6 13 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 11.3 12.7 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 13.2 14.8 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 14.4 16 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 13.4 14.9 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 12.7 14.1 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1173 1309 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1272 1419 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 154 172 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 70 78 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4.1 4.6 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.8 2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 74.2 82.8 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.46 3.86 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.88 2.1 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.78 1.99 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.94 2.17 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.33 1.49 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 42 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 47 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.3 9.3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 241 269 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 5 6 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 4.2 4.7 % - 2.2 4 -9.7 5