Dry matter
89.6
100
%
-
1.4
80.7 -95.8
1020
2.2
Crude protein
27.3
30.4
%
-
1.6
21.7 -37.3
1077
1.7
24.6 -41.6
1026
Crude fibre
7.1
7.9
%
-
1
4.6 -11.2
634
1.1
5.1 -12.2
605
Crude fat
12.6
14
%
-
1.8
6.1 -17
374
2
6.7 -18.5
358
Ash
4.4
4.9
%
-
0.7
1.2 -7.8
706
0.8
1.3 -8.6
675
NDF
31.9
35.6
%
-
6.1
19.6 -45.2
106
6.8
22.7 -51.1
102
ADF
9.4
10.5
%
-
3.3
4.7 -21.9
135
3.7
5.2 -26.9
137
Lignin
2.7
3
%
-
1.2
0.9 -4.7
39
1.3
1 -5.1
40
Water insoluble cell walls
31.2
34.8
%
-
1
Starch
4.5
5
%
-
1.8
0.3 -16
649
2.1
0.3 -18
609
Total sugars
2.6
2.9
%
-
2.4
0.3 -4.6
20
2.7
0.3 -11
21
Gross energy (kcal)
4640
5180
kcal/kg
-
240
4160 -5150
37
260
4770 -5700
42
Calcium
0.6
0.7
g/kg
-
0.9
0.07 -5.7
109
1
0.08 -6.4
102
Phosphorus
7.7
8.5
g/kg
-
1.1
3.9 -9.9
187
1.2
4.2 -11
179
Phytate phosphorus
1.9
2.1
g/kg
25
% P
1
1
1
Magnesium
2.9
3.3
g/kg
-
0.7
0.8 -6.2
73
0.8
0.9 -7
84
Potassium
9.9
11.1
g/kg
-
1.9
2.7 -13.2
116
2.1
3 -14.9
77
Sodium
2.64
2.95
g/kg
-
1.49
0.09 -9.1
303
1.66
0.1 -9.39
252
Chlorine
1.7
1.9
g/kg
-
0.4
1.1 -3.5
86
0.4
1.2 -4
86
Sulfur
6.1
6.8
g/kg
-
2.3
2.7 -17.3
67
2.5
3.1 -19.3
78
Dietary cation-anion difference
-61
-68
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
321
358
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
20
23
mg/kg
-
15
4 -107
74
16
5 -123
84
Zinc
60
66
mg/kg
-
27
32 -232
66
30
37 -254
76
Copper
5
6
mg/kg
-
2
3 -12
66
3
0 -13
76
Iron
111
124
mg/kg
-
56
46 -352
66
62
54 -436
76
Selenium
0.2
0.2
mg/kg
-
0.3
0 -0.8
10
0.3
0 -0.9
9
Cobalt
0.1
0.1
mg/kg
-
Molybdenum
2
2
mg/kg
-
0.7
0.7 -3
13
Iodine
0
0
mg/kg
-
1
Lysine
7.9
8.8
g/kg
2.9
g/16g N
1.2
3.2 -11.2
256
1.3
3.7 -12.9
167
0.4
1.4-4
178
Threonine
9.9
11
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
1.1
4.9 -13.1
118
1.3
5.6 -15.6
106
0.3
2.2-4.8
114
Methionine
5.2
5.8
g/kg
1.9
g/16g N
0.7
2.5 -7.1
121
0.8
2.9 -8.1
109
0.2
1.1-2.5
117
Cystine
5.5
6.1
g/kg
2
g/16g N
0.7
3.7 -6.7
115
0.8
4.1 -7.6
103
0.2
1.6-2.4
111
Methionine + cystine
10.6
11.9
g/kg
3.9
g/16g N
1.3
7.6 -13.7
115
1.5
8.5 -15.5
102
0.4
3.2-5
110
Tryptophan
2
2.3
g/kg
0.7
g/16g N
0.3
0.8 -2.8
101
0.4
1 -3.1
94
0.1
0.4-0.9
101
Isoleucine
9.9
11.1
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
1.4
3.8 -14.8
120
1.5
4.4 -16.7
108
0.4
1.7-4.6
116
Valine
13.5
15
g/kg
4.9
g/16g N
1.6
5.5 -17.7
117
1.8
6.3 -20.2
105
0.5
2.4-5.7
113
Leucine
30.3
33.8
g/kg
11.1
g/16g N
3.6
15.8 -44.9
118
3.9
18.2 -51.2
106
0.8
7-13.3
114
Phenylalanine
12.4
13.8
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
1.6
6.3 -17.2
114
1.7
7.2 -19.6
106
0.3
2.8-5.7
114
Tyrosine
8.6
9.6
g/kg
3.2
g/16g N
1.1
8 -12.8
64
1.3
9.1 -14.6
51
0.3
3-4.5
64
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
21
23.4
g/kg
7.7
g/16g N
2.6
17.9 -30
64
2.8
20.2 -34.2
50
0.5
7.3-9.6
63
Histidine
7.4
8.2
g/kg
2.7
g/16g N
0.9
3.1 -9.4
113
1
3.5 -10.7
106
0.2
1.4-3.2
113
Arginine
11.1
12.4
g/kg
4.1
g/16g N
1.4
5 -15
116
1.5
5.7 -16.8
104
0.4
2.2-5.1
112
Alanine
18.5
20.7
g/kg
6.8
g/16g N
2.5
14.2 -26.9
96
2.7
16.2 -30.4
80
0.4
5.5-7.7
92
Aspartic acid
17.3
19.3
g/kg
6.3
g/16g N
2.3
13.9 -25.5
94
2.5
15.5 -28.8
79
0.4
5.1-7.3
90
Glutamic acid
40.3
45
g/kg
14.8
g/16g N
8.1
26.3 -60
88
9
29.3 -68.4
77
2
11.4-18.3
89
Glycine
10.9
12.2
g/kg
4
g/16g N
1.3
8.7 -16.5
92
1.4
9.5 -18.6
80
0.3
3.4-4.7
93
Serine
11.8
13.2
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
1.8
9.1 -16.6
97
2
10.5 -19
80
0.5
3.4-5.9
93
Proline
21.2
23.7
g/kg
7.8
g/16g N
2.8
14.9 -28
94
3.1
16.6 -30.6
77
0.6
5.5-9.1
90
C14:0 myristic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.1
% FA
0.1 -0.4
2
0.1 -0.4
2
0.1
0.1-0.4
18
C16:0 palmitic acid
9.9
11.1
g/kg
10.5
% FA
0.8
8.6-13.6
202
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C18:0 stearic acid
1.7
1.9
g/kg
1.8
% FA
0.2
1.3-2.7
201
C18:1 oleic acid
24.6
27.5
g/kg
26.1
% FA
3
20-35.4
202
C18:2 linoleic acid
56.1
62.6
g/kg
59.5
% FA
3.4
49.4-67.6
208
C18:3 linolenic acid
1.3
1.4
g/kg
1.3
% FA
0.3
0.3-1.9
202
Fatty acids
9.4
10.5
%
75
% fat
Vitamin A
0.9
1
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin E
38.5
43
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
3
3.4
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
8.5
9.5
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
6.9
7.6
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
12.81
14.29
µg/kg
-
Niacin
74.3
82.9
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
13.7
15.3
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0.9
1
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.6
0.7
mg/kg
-
Choline
2256
2517
mg/kg
-
Xanthophylls
55
61
mg/kg
-
9
32 -103
119
10
45 -98
45
Phytase activity
390
440
IU/kg
-
260 -530
2
300 -580
2
DE growing pig (kcal)
3390
3790
kcal/kg
-
180
3300 -4040
8
190
3710 -4330
8
ME growing pig (kcal)
3200
3570
kcal/kg
-
200
3040 -3860
8
220
3410 -4140
8
NE growing pig (kcal)
2200
2450
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3740
4170
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3470
3870
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2420
2700
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
73.2
%
72.9-78.7
2
OM digestibility growing pig
-
75.6
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
62.5
%
N digestibility ileal standardised pig
-
62
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
71.9
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
80.7
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
83.8
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
70.2
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
4.2
4.7
g/kg
56
%
1
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2780
3100
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2710
3020
kcal/kg
-
200
2320 -2760
5
210
2590 -3100
5
PDIA INRA 2007
119
133
g/kg
-
1
PDIN INRA 2007
200
223
g/kg
-
1
PDIE INRA 2007
162
180
g/kg
-
1
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
3160
3530
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
86
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
85.1
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
77.3
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
90
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
77.3
%
Absorbable P ruminants
5.2
5.8
g/kg
68
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
56
%
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
25
%
17-45
2
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
60
%
40-74
2
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.065
h-1
0.027
0.027-0.1
5
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
89
%
Immediately degradable starch (a)
-
78
%
1
Potentially degradable starch (b)
-
17
%
1
Degradation rate of particles starch (c)
-
0.136
h-1
1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
65
%
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
40
%
1
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
49
%
1
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.06
h-1
1
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.8
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.9
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.7
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
10.9
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.5
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.6
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
70
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
67.5
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.81
0.91
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
210
235
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3430
3830
kcal/kg
-
1
ME rabbit (kcal)
3200
3570
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
73.9
%
71.8-74.1
2
N digestibility rabbit
-
69.3
%
1
DE salmonids (kcal)
3030
3380
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
56.5
%
53.8-59.2
2
N digestibility salmonids
-
84.2
%
80.8-87.6
2
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
4.9
5.5
g/kg
62
%
7
44-78
35
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
6.9
7.7
g/kg
70
%
4
62-77
35
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
4.2
4.7
g/kg
82
%
3
74-89
35
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
4
4.5
g/kg
73
%
4
66-81
35
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
8.2
9.2
g/kg
77
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.5
1.6
g/kg
73
%
8
56-88
35
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
7.5
8.3
g/kg
75
%
4
67-83
35
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
10
11.2
g/kg
75
%
4
67-87
35
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
25
27.9
g/kg
83
%
3
75-89
35
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
10
11.2
g/kg
81
%
3
74-87
35
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
6.8
7.6
g/kg
80
%
3
75-84
11
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
16.8
18.8
g/kg
80
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
5.7
6.3
g/kg
77
%
4
70-84
35
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
9
10
g/kg
81
%
5
74-91
35
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
14.4
16.1
g/kg
78
%
4
70-83
34
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
12
13.4
g/kg
69
%
4
62-75
34
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
31.7
35.4
g/kg
79
%
5
67-87
34
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
7.2
8
g/kg
66
%
9
53-85
34
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
9
10.1
g/kg
77
%
4
70-83
34
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
13.3
14.8
g/kg
63
%
20
47-121
34
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.5
6.2
g/kg
70
%
1
8
52-82
22
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.1
7.9
g/kg
72
%
1
5
63-81
22
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.5
5
g/kg
86
%
1
8
63-98
22
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.4
4.9
g/kg
80
%
1
7
67-92
21
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
8.8
9.9
g/kg
83
%
4
77-87
6
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.7
1.9
g/kg
85
%
6
73-90
8
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
8
8.9
g/kg
81
%
1
5
69-86
22
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
10.6
11.8
g/kg
79
%
1
4
71-85
22
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
25.9
28.9
g/kg
86
%
1
5
69-93
22
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
10.4
11.6
g/kg
84
%
1
4
77-90
18
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.2
8
g/kg
84
%
1
6
69-90
13
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
17.6
19.7
g/kg
84
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.7
6.4
g/kg
77
%
1
7
67-89
18
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.2
10.3
g/kg
83
%
1
5
75-90
22
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
15
16.7
g/kg
81
%
1
6
68-89
21
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
12.5
13.9
g/kg
72
%
1
6
61-81
20
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
34.5
38.5
g/kg
86
%
1
4
78-93
21
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.5
8.3
g/kg
68
%
1
13
34-81
11
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.6
10.7
g/kg
81
%
1
4
73-87
22
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
17.5
19.5
g/kg
82
%
1
6
64-91
21
Gross energy (MJ)
19.4
21.7
MJ/kg
-
1
17.4 -21.6
37
1.1
19.9 -23.9
42
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.3
0.4
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
79
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.27
1.42
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.29
1.44
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
95
106
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
145
162
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
76
85
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.25
1.39
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.26
1.41
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
106
118
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
154
172
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
66
74
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2200
2450
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2220
2480
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
3280
3660
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
83.7
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
84.6
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
57
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
83
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.7
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.1
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.4
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
11.2
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.6
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.6
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
13.5
15.1
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
9
10.1
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
9.1
10.1
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
63
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1.2
1.34
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.2
1.34
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
121
135
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
168
187
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
52
58
g/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Phosphorus consumption
2.04
2.28
g P/kg
-
Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France)
Phosphorus consumption
2.47
2.75
g P/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
12.52
13.97
MJ/kg
-
Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France)
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
9.48
10.58
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Climate change (ILCD)
824
920
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France)
Climate change (ILCD)
738
823
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0101
0.0112
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France)
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0088
0.0098
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
42.14
47.01
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France)
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
30.39
33.9
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0009
0.001
m²yr/kg
-
Origin USA, ex port of delivery (Brest, France)
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0002
0.0003
m²yr/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.25
0.278
per kg
-
Insoluble ash
0.4
0.5
%
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.5
0.6
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.2
0.1-1.2
186
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
6.4
7.1
g/kg
83
%
Available P cockerel
1.9
2.1
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
1.9
2.1
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.17
1.31
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
1.16
1.3
per kg
-
DE growing pig (MJ)
14.2
15.8
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
13.4
15
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
9.2
10.3
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
15.7
17.5
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
14.5
16.2
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
10.1
11.3
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
11.6
13
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
11.3
12.7
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
13.2
14.8
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
14.4
16
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
13.4
14.9
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
12.7
14.1
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
1173
1309
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1272
1419
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
154
172
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
70
78
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
4.1
4.6
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.8
2
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
74.2
82.8
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.46
3.86
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.88
2.1
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.78
1.99
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.94
2.17
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.33
1.49
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
42
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
47
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
8.3
9.3
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
241
269
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
5
6
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
3.9
4.3
%
-
2.2
4 -9.7
5