Dry matter
91.3
100
%
-
1.7
80.8 -96.1
395
2.6
Crude protein
32.7
35.8
%
-
2.5
24.2 -43.6
463
2.7
27.7 -46.3
389
Crude fibre
7.1
7.8
%
-
0.9
4.1 -10.9
352
1
4.4 -11.4
286
Crude fat
4.9
5.4
%
-
1
2.3 -8.4
186
1.1
2.6 -9.9
172
Ash
5.2
5.7
%
-
0.9
3.4 -8
281
0.9
3.6 -8.6
248
Insoluble ash
0.2
0.2
%
-
0.03 -0.3
2
0.03 -0.3
2
NDF
31.7
34.7
%
-
6.9
20.5 -48.8
46
7.6
21.8 -52.8
45
ADF
12.9
14.1
%
-
3.4
7.3 -19.8
48
3.7
8 -21.4
46
Lignin
5
5.4
%
-
2.1
1.7 -9.9
34
2.3
1.9 -10.5
32
Water insoluble cell walls
30.9
33.9
%
-
2.7
25.6 -34.4
11
2.9
26.9 -36.5
9
Starch
3.8
4.1
%
-
1.5
0.8 -7
364
1.6
0.8 -7.8
317
Total sugars
2.7
3
%
-
1.8
0.01 -6.4
17
1.9
0.01 -6.9
18
Gross energy (kcal)
4480
4910
kcal/kg
-
100
4780 -5150
15
Calcium
1.6
1.7
g/kg
-
0.8
0.6 -4.6
42
0.9
0.7 -5.2
40
Phosphorus
8
8.7
g/kg
-
1.5
5 -11.8
60
1.6
5.7 -12.7
58
Phytate phosphorus
1.2
1.3
g/kg
15
% P
0.6
0.4 -2.3
10
0.7
0.4 -2.4
10
7
4-24
10
Magnesium
3.1
3.4
g/kg
-
0.8
2.2 -4.5
6
0.9
2.4 -4.8
6
Potassium
11.4
12.4
g/kg
-
2.3
8.5 -17
20
2.5
9.4 -18.7
19
Sodium
3.92
4.29
g/kg
-
3.83
0.16 -15.7
80
4.19
0.18 -17.05
77
Chlorine
1.9
2
g/kg
-
0.4
0.2 -2.4
23
0.4
0.2 -2.6
22
Sulfur
5.1
5.6
g/kg
-
2
3.4 -9.1
7
2.2
3.7 -9.7
7
Dietary cation-anion difference
89
97
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
409
448
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
68
74
mg/kg
-
17
40 -94
6
18
43 -101
6
Zinc
118
130
mg/kg
-
67 -168
2
72 -187
2
Copper
9
10
mg/kg
-
9 -9
2
10 -10
2
Iron
128
140
mg/kg
-
61
82 -261
10
67
90 -290
10
Iodine
0.2
0.2
mg/kg
-
Lysine
6.9
7.5
g/kg
2.1
g/16g N
2.4
2.2 -11.4
44
2.6
2.4 -12.7
41
0.6
0.8-3.3
44
Threonine
10.2
11.2
g/kg
3.1
g/16g N
1.1
8.5 -13.7
30
1.2
9.3 -14.3
28
0.3
2.7-4.1
31
Methionine
5.1
5.5
g/kg
1.5
g/16g N
0.9
4 -7
29
0.9
4.4 -8
27
0.2
1.3-2
30
Cystine
6.4
7.1
g/kg
2
g/16g N
1.4
3.3 -9.7
29
1.5
3.7 -11.1
26
0.3
1.1-3
30
Methionine + cystine
11.5
12.6
g/kg
3.5
g/16g N
2.4
7.3 -16.7
29
2.6
8 -19.1
27
0.4
2.4-4.7
30
Tryptophan
3.4
3.8
g/kg
1.1
g/16g N
0.4
2.8 -4
16
0.4
3 -4.4
15
0.09
0.8-1.1
16
Isoleucine
11.3
12.4
g/kg
3.5
g/16g N
1.3
10.1 -15.2
28
1.4
11.1 -16.6
26
0.1
3.2-4
29
Valine
14.2
15.5
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
1.7
12.6 -19.2
28
1.8
13.8 -20.9
25
0.1
4-4.6
29
Leucine
21.2
23.2
g/kg
6.5
g/16g N
2.5
17.7 -27.7
28
2.7
19.4 -30.1
25
0.2
5.8-6.9
29
Phenylalanine
14.6
16
g/kg
4.5
g/16g N
2
12.8 -20.4
27
2.2
13.9 -22.2
25
0.2
4.2-4.9
28
Tyrosine
9.7
10.6
g/kg
3
g/16g N
1.2
8.5 -12.4
15
1.3
9.3 -13.5
13
0.1
2.8-3.1
15
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
24.3
26.6
g/kg
7.4
g/16g N
3.6
21.4 -32.7
15
3.9
23.4 -35.7
13
0.2
7-7.7
15
Histidine
6.8
7.4
g/kg
2.1
g/16g N
1
5.2 -9.4
27
1.1
5.7 -10.2
25
0.2
1.7-2.2
27
Arginine
14
15.3
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
1.4
13.1 -18.4
25
1.5
14.2 -20.1
23
0.3
3.7-4.6
26
Alanine
11.9
13.1
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
1.3
11.2 -16.2
25
1.4
12 -17.7
22
0.2
3.3-4.1
26
Aspartic acid
16.2
17.7
g/kg
5
g/16g N
1.8
14.1 -21.5
24
1.9
15.5 -22.5
21
0.3
4.3-5.6
25
Glutamic acid
84.2
92.2
g/kg
25.7
g/16g N
11.2
68.1 -114
22
12.1
73.8 -120
19
1.5
22.6-28.5
22
Glycine
13
14.3
g/kg
4
g/16g N
1.6
11.4 -17.8
24
1.8
12.5 -19.2
21
0.2
3.7-4.4
25
Serine
14.5
15.9
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
1.7
11.9 -20.3
25
1.9
13 -21.2
22
0.3
3.8-5
26
Proline
20.8
22.7
g/kg
6.3
g/16g N
C14:0 myristic acid
0.04
0.05
g/kg
0.1
% FA
0-0.3
4
C16:0 palmitic acid
5.7
6.3
g/kg
17.8
% FA
0.9
15.5-18.3
9
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.4
% FA
C18:0 stearic acid
0.3
0.3
g/kg
0.8
% FA
0.07
0.7-0.9
8
C18:1 oleic acid
4.9
5.3
g/kg
15.2
% FA
2.7
11.3-20.4
11
C18:2 linoleic acid
18.1
19.8
g/kg
56.4
% FA
1
C18:3 linolenic acid
1.9
2.1
g/kg
5.9
% FA
1
5.4-8.5
9
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.4
0.5
g/kg
1.3
% FA
1
Fatty acids
3.2
3.5
%
65
% fat
DE growing pig (kcal)
3010
3300
kcal/kg
-
280
2660 -3560
10
300
2820 -3870
10
ME growing pig (kcal)
2790
3050
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
1750
1920
kcal/kg
-
220
1570 -2180
8
230
1660 -2380
8
DE adult pig (kcal)
3200
3500
kcal/kg
-
280
2830 -3610
8
290
3000 -3930
8
ME adult pig (kcal)
2910
3190
kcal/kg
-
310
2440 -3390
8
340
2590 -3690
8
NE adult pig (kcal)
1880
2060
kcal/kg
-
160
1780 -2240
8
170
1890 -2400
8
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
67.2
%
6.5
56.3-77.4
11
OM digestibility growing pig
-
69.8
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
71.2
%
12.4
51.7-87.8
10
N digestibility ileal standardised pig
-
82
%
78-83.3
4
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
56.2
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
71.4
%
5.7
59.7-77.1
8
OM digestibility adult pig
-
74.1
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
74.6
%
11.4
56.3-86.5
8
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2340
2560
kcal/kg
-
170
2010 -2440
9
180
2150 -2630
9
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2300
2520
kcal/kg
-
160
1910 -2370
8
PDIA INRA 2007
90
99
g/kg
-
35
28 -135
8
38
31 -143
9
PDIN INRA 2007
218
238
g/kg
-
20
174 -237
8
22
189 -250
9
PDIE INRA 2007
135
147
g/kg
-
30
82 -179
8
32
89 -189
9
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2630
2880
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
75.2
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
75.3
%
3.7
70.5-82.2
9
N digestibility ruminants
-
76
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
85
%
13.3
54-93.6
12
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
73.3
%
Absorbable P ruminants
5.4
5.9
g/kg
68
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
71
%
13
48-86
13
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
42
%
19
20-75
12
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
53
%
18
21-74
12
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.071
h-1
0.059
0.02-0.233
12
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
94
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
69
%
8
55-79
12
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
48
%
11
37-69
12
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
44
%
10
24-53
12
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.055
h-1
0.037
0.023-0.155
12
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.7
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.8
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.4
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.1
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.2
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.7
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
71.2
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
68.6
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.77
0.84
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
257
282
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3160
3460
kcal/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (kcal)
2890
3160
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
70.6
%
1
N digestibility rabbit
-
69.9
%
1
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
4.5
4.9
g/kg
65
%
5
57-72
7
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
8.1
8.9
g/kg
79
%
5
74-85
7
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
4.2
4.6
g/kg
83
%
6
75-90
7
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
5.2
5.7
g/kg
81
%
2
79-84
7
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
9.4
10.3
g/kg
82
%
1
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
2.8
3
g/kg
80
%
3
76-85
5
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
9
9.9
g/kg
80
%
3
74-83
7
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
11.5
12.5
g/kg
81
%
3
77-84
7
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
17.9
19.6
g/kg
84
%
2
82-87
7
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
12.9
14.1
g/kg
88
%
2
85-90
7
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
8.1
8.8
g/kg
83
%
4
79-88
6
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
20.9
22.9
g/kg
86
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
5.5
6
g/kg
82
%
2
79-85
7
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
12.1
13.3
g/kg
87
%
3
83-89
7
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
9.1
10
g/kg
76
%
3
71-79
6
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
12.5
13.7
g/kg
77
%
5
71-83
6
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
75.5
82.7
g/kg
90
%
1
88-92
6
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
10.3
11.3
g/kg
79
%
2
77-83
6
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
12.2
13.4
g/kg
84
%
3
80-87
6
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
17.9
19.6
g/kg
86
%
6
78-95
8
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.1
3.4
g/kg
46
%
15
24-71
16
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.2
6.7
g/kg
60
%
10
42-76
19
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.7
4.1
g/kg
74
%
7
57-84
19
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.9
4.3
g/kg
61
%
12
30-77
19
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.7
8.4
g/kg
67
%
3
63-74
11
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
2.2
2.4
g/kg
65
%
14
43-78
8
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.9
8.6
g/kg
70
%
9
47-84
19
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.5
10.4
g/kg
67
%
11
47-85
19
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
15.7
17.2
g/kg
74
%
8
55-86
19
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
11.9
13
g/kg
81
%
8
64-90
19
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.5
7.1
g/kg
67
%
11
51-77
8
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
18.3
20.1
g/kg
76
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.4
4.9
g/kg
66
%
10
48-83
19
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.5
10.4
g/kg
68
%
11
42-81
19
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.5
8.2
g/kg
63
%
10
42-79
18
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
7.7
8.5
g/kg
48
%
13
27-68
18
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
69.1
75.7
g/kg
82
%
7
65-92
18
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.6
8.4
g/kg
59
%
5
50-66
10
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.9
10.8
g/kg
68
%
9
51-81
18
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
16.8
18.4
g/kg
81
%
7
64-91
18
Gross energy (MJ)
18.8
20.5
MJ/kg
-
0.4
20 -21.5
15
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.9
1
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
68
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1
1.09
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
0.96
1.05
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
73
80
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
122
134
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
152
166
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
0.97
1.07
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
0.93
1.02
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
85
93
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
132
145
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
140
154
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1710
1880
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1640
1800
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2670
2920
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
73.9
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
73.9
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
70
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
88
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.7
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.4
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
1.9
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.4
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.1
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.2
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.7
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
11.4
12.5
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.4
8.1
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.1
7.8
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
67
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.93
1.01
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.87
0.96
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
101
111
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
148
162
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
123
134
g/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Phosphorus consumption
2.58
2.82
g P/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
9.48
10.39
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Climate change (ILCD)
576
631
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Acidification (ILCD)
0.008
0.0088
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
34.53
37.82
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0006
0.0007
m²yr/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.221
0.242
per kg
-
Selenium
0
0
mg/kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0.03
0.03
g/kg
0.08
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.06
0.07
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0-1.9
3
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:1 erucic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
0.5
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
2
2.2
g/kg
25
%
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
3
3.3
g/kg
38
%
Available P cockerel
2
2.2
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
2
2.2
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.94
1.03
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
0.89
0.97
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
2920
3200
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
65.1
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
86.6
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
12.6
13.8
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
11.7
12.8
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
7.3
8
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
13.4
14.7
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
12.2
13.4
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
7.9
8.6
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
9.8
10.7
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
9.6
10.5
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
11
12.1
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
13.2
14.5
MJ/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (MJ)
12.1
13.2
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
12.2
13.4
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
942
1031
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
974
1067
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
121
132
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
147
161
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
3.3
3.6
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.4
1.5
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
66.7
73.1
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.23
3.54
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.66
1.82
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.57
1.72
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.78
1.95
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.19
1.3
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
27
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
32
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
6.7
7.3
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
208
228
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
19
21
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
1.7
1.8
%
-
1
0.8 -3.6
13
1
0.8 -4
14
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-