Dry matter 91.9 100 % - 1.2 85.8 -95.9 1072 1.9 Crude protein 30 32.7 % - 1.6 23.4 -35.2 1130 1.7 26.3 -38.9 1065 Crude fibre 5.5 6 % - 0.8 2.4 -8.8 564 0.9 2.6 -9.7 535 Crude fat 4.2 4.6 % - 0.7 1.8 -8.3 201 0.7 2 -9 196 Ash 5 5.5 % - 0.8 3.3 -7.2 360 0.8 3.5 -7.9 350 Insoluble ash 0.7 0.7 % - 0.02 -1.3 2 1 NDF 28.5 31 % - 4.1 20.1 -38.9 73 4.4 21.8 -45.3 72 ADF 8.1 8.8 % - 1.4 5.6 -22.3 504 1.5 6.1 -26 503 Lignin 3.1 3.4 % - 1 1.3 -6.3 79 1.1 1.4 -6.8 79 Water insoluble cell walls 27.9 30.4 % - Starch 11 12 % - 2.7 7 -20.5 982 2.9 7.5 -23 969 Total sugars 5.4 5.8 % - 1 2.1 -7.8 43 1 2.3 -8.5 43 Gross energy (kcal) 4420 4810 kcal/kg - 120 4420 -4640 5 Calcium 1.4 1.5 g/kg - 0.3 0.9 -2.1 30 0.3 1 -2.3 30 Phosphorus 7.9 8.6 g/kg - 0.7 6 -9.1 61 0.7 6.6 -10 60 Phytate phosphorus 4.2 4.5 g/kg 53 % P 4.1 -4.2 2 52-53 2 Magnesium 2.8 3 g/kg - Potassium 15.9 17.3 g/kg - 2.5 10.2 -21 89 2.7 11 -23.7 87 Sodium 1.26 1.37 g/kg - 0.6 0.1 -3.1 194 0.66 0.11 -3.23 188 Chlorine 2.2 2.4 g/kg - 0.3 1.5 -2.9 65 0.3 1.6 -3.2 63 Sulfur 3.5 3.8 g/kg - 3.6 0.2 -7.9 7 3.9 0.2 -8.6 7 Dietary cation-anion difference 181 197 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 401 436 mEq/kg - Manganese 78 85 mg/kg - 62 -96 4 65 -100 3 Zinc 51 55 mg/kg - 1 Copper 8 9 mg/kg - 1 Iron 77 84 mg/kg - 69 -86 3 Selenium 0 0 mg/kg - 1 Iodine 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Lysine 6.2 6.7 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 0.8 3.6 -12.7 248 0.9 3.9 -9 62 0.3 1.3-3.1 83 Threonine 9.7 10.6 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 1.3 7.8 -11.5 24 1.4 8.6 -13.4 10 0.2 2.8-3.7 24 Methionine 4.6 5 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 0.3 3.6 -5.1 27 0.3 4.4 -5.4 9 0.1 1.2-1.7 27 Cystine 5.7 6.2 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 0.6 4.4 -6.6 30 0.6 4.8 -6.9 9 0.1 1.5-2.2 30 Methionine + cystine 10.3 11.2 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 0.9 8.4 -11.7 27 0.9 9.2 -12.3 9 0.2 2.9-3.8 27 Tryptophan 3.2 3.5 g/kg 1.1 g/16g N 0.3 3.1 -4.1 12 0.3 3.4 -4.4 7 0.07 1-1.3 12 Isoleucine 10.3 11.2 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 1.6 9.1 -13.7 28 1.7 10.3 -16 9 0.2 3.3-4.2 28 Valine 13 14.2 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 1.7 11.4 -16.2 27 1.9 12.5 -18.9 8 0.2 4-5 27 Leucine 19.3 21 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N 2.2 16.9 -23.4 27 2.4 18.5 -26.3 8 0.3 6-7.3 27 Phenylalanine 13.1 14.2 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1.6 11.7 -15.8 28 1.7 12.9 -18.4 9 0.2 4.2-4.8 28 Tyrosine 8.9 9.7 g/kg 3 g/16g N 1.1 8.1 -10.7 16 1.2 9 -11.9 6 0.1 2.7-3.1 16 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 22 23.9 g/kg 7.3 g/16g N 2.5 19.8 -26.2 16 2.7 23 -30.3 6 0.2 7.2-8 16 Histidine 6.2 6.8 g/kg 2.1 g/16g N 1 5 -8.3 28 1.1 5.4 -9.7 9 0.2 1.7-2.5 28 Arginine 13.1 14.3 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1 11.8 -15.2 27 1.1 13 -16.1 9 0.2 3.6-4.7 27 Alanine 11 12 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1.7 9.3 -14 19 1.9 10.2 -16.3 8 0.3 3.3-4.4 19 Aspartic acid 15 16.4 g/kg 5 g/16g N 2.2 12.6 -18.3 17 2.3 13.8 -21.3 7 0.3 4.4-5.6 17 Glutamic acid 77 83.8 g/kg 25.6 g/16g N 7.4 65.7 -91.1 19 7.9 74.9 -99 8 0.8 23.9-26.7 19 Glycine 11.8 12.8 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 1.7 10.8 -14.9 17 1.8 11.9 -17.4 7 0.2 3.6-4.6 17 Serine 13.5 14.7 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 1.9 11.4 -17 19 2 13.2 -19.8 8 0.3 4-5.2 19 Proline 19 20.7 g/kg 6.3 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.04 0.04 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 4.9 5.3 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 4.2 4.5 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 15.5 16.9 g/kg 56.4 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 1.6 1.8 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1.5 -2.4 3 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 2.8 3 % 65 % fat DE growing pig (kcal) 3230 3510 kcal/kg - 3090 -3480 3 3280 -3830 3 ME growing pig (kcal) 3010 3280 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1960 2130 kcal/kg - 1910 -2020 2 2030 -2140 2 DE adult pig (kcal) 3380 3680 kcal/kg - 3370 -3630 2 3590 -3840 2 ME adult pig (kcal) 3110 3380 kcal/kg - 2920 -3430 2 3110 -3640 2 NE adult pig (kcal) 2070 2250 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 72.9 % 67.1-78.1 3 OM digestibility growing pig - 75.3 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 75.4 % 74.9-87.3 3 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 82 % 78-83.3 4 Crude fat digestibility pig - 53.3 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 76.4 % 73.3-78.2 2 OM digestibility adult pig - 78.9 % N digestibility adult pig - 78.5 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2560 2780 kcal/kg - 2390 -2570 4 2550 -2800 4 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2510 2730 kcal/kg - 2200 -2640 4 2400 -2790 4 PDIA INRA 2007 63 69 g/kg - 57 -76 3 57 -81 4 PDIN INRA 2007 193 210 g/kg - 193 -216 3 PDIE INRA 2007 116 127 g/kg - 113 -130 3 120 -140 4 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2720 2960 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 77.8 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 78.3 % N digestibility ruminants - 75.6 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % 75.2-85 3 Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 72.2 % Absorbable P ruminants 5.4 5.9 g/kg 68 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 78 % 73-84 4 Immediately degradable N (a) - 54 % 50-59 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 42 % 38-46 2 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.076 h-1 0.073-0.079 2 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 94 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 73 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 56 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 36 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.055 h-1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.8 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.8 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 75 % Energy digestibility horse - 72.3 % Horse Forage Unit 0.85 0.92 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 238 259 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3290 3580 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3030 3300 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 74.4 % N digestibility rabbit - 70 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.4 g/kg 65 % 1 1 5 57-72 7 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 7.7 8.4 g/kg 79 % 1 1 5 74-85 7 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 3.8 4.2 g/kg 83 % 1 1 6 75-90 7 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5 g/kg 81 % 1 1 2 79-84 7 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 8.4 9.2 g/kg 82 % 81-84 3 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 2.8 g/kg 80 % 1 1 3 76-85 5 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 8.2 9 g/kg 80 % 1 1 3 74-83 7 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 10.5 11.5 g/kg 81 % 1 1 3 77-84 7 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 16.3 17.7 g/kg 84 % 1 1 2 82-87 7 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 11.5 12.6 g/kg 88 % 1 1 2 85-90 7 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 7.4 8.1 g/kg 83 % 4 79-88 6 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 19 20.7 g/kg 86 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.5 g/kg 82 % 1 1 2 79-85 7 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 11.4 12.4 g/kg 87 % 1 1 3 83-89 7 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 8.4 9.1 g/kg 76 % 3 71-79 6 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 11.7 12.7 g/kg 77 % 5 71-83 6 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 69.1 75.2 g/kg 90 % 1 88-92 6 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 9.3 10.2 g/kg 79 % 2 77-83 6 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 11.4 12.4 g/kg 84 % 3 80-87 6 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 17.2 18.8 g/kg 91 % 88-93 2 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 3.8 g/kg 57 % 50-67 3 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.7 7.3 g/kg 69 % 52-80 4 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.5 3.8 g/kg 77 % 58-86 4 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.9 4.3 g/kg 69 % 63-72 4 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.4 8.1 g/kg 72 % 1 Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.7 g/kg 77 % 76-80 3 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.6 8.3 g/kg 74 % 57-82 4 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.6 10.4 g/kg 73 % 59-80 4 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.2 16.5 g/kg 78 % 64-85 4 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.9 11.9 g/kg 84 % 70-89 4 Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.3 6.8 g/kg 70 % 64-74 3 Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.2 18.7 g/kg 78 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5.1 g/kg 76 % 72-78 4 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.6 10.4 g/kg 73 % 54-84 4 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.2 7.8 g/kg 66 % 51-73 3 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.8 9.6 g/kg 59 % 44-67 3 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 66.1 71.9 g/kg 86 % 82-88 3 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.8 8.5 g/kg 66 % 1 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.2 11.1 g/kg 75 % 71-78 3 Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 16.5 18 g/kg 87 % 84-88 3 Gross energy (MJ) 18.5 20.1 MJ/kg - 0.5 18.5 -19.4 5 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.7 0.8 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.04 1.13 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.02 1.1 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 55 60 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 106 116 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 142 155 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.02 1.1 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.99 1.07 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 64 70 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 114 124 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 134 145 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1790 1940 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1740 1890 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2760 3000 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 77 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.4 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 88 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.6 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.9 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.5 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.1 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 12 13 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.8 8.5 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7.7 8.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 70 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.97 1.05 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.93 1.01 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 78 85 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 127 138 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 119 130 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.193 0.21 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.06 0.06 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2 2.2 g/kg 25 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 3 3.2 g/kg 38 % Available P cockerel 2 2.2 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2 2.2 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.98 1.07 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.94 1.02 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 2810 3050 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 63.4 % N digestibility salmonids - 86.4 % DE growing pig (MJ) 13.5 14.7 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 12.6 13.7 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 8.2 8.9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.1 15.4 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13 14.2 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.7 9.4 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10.7 11.6 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 10.5 11.4 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 11.4 12.4 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 13.8 15 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.7 13.8 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 11.7 12.8 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 982 1068 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1031 1122 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 102 111 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 142 154 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.7 4.1 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.6 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 69.6 75.7 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.34 3.63 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.72 1.87 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.63 1.77 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.85 2.01 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.25 1.36 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 21 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 24 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 7 7.6 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 187 204 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 18 20 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 8.4 9.1 % - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -