Dry matter
91.9
100
%
-
1.2
85.8 -95.9
1072
1.9
Crude protein
30
32.7
%
-
1.6
23.4 -35.2
1130
1.7
26.3 -38.9
1065
Crude fibre
5.5
6
%
-
0.8
2.4 -8.8
564
0.9
2.6 -9.7
535
Crude fat
4.2
4.6
%
-
0.7
1.8 -8.3
201
0.7
2 -9
196
Ash
5
5.5
%
-
0.8
3.3 -7.2
360
0.8
3.5 -7.9
350
Insoluble ash
0.7
0.7
%
-
0.02 -1.3
2
1
NDF
28.5
31
%
-
4.1
20.1 -38.9
73
4.4
21.8 -45.3
72
ADF
8.1
8.8
%
-
1.4
5.6 -22.3
504
1.5
6.1 -26
503
Lignin
3.1
3.4
%
-
1
1.3 -6.3
79
1.1
1.4 -6.8
79
Water insoluble cell walls
27.9
30.4
%
-
Starch
11
12
%
-
2.7
7 -20.5
982
2.9
7.5 -23
969
Total sugars
5.4
5.8
%
-
1
2.1 -7.8
43
1
2.3 -8.5
43
Gross energy (kcal)
4420
4810
kcal/kg
-
120
4420 -4640
5
Calcium
1.4
1.5
g/kg
-
0.3
0.9 -2.1
30
0.3
1 -2.3
30
Phosphorus
7.9
8.6
g/kg
-
0.7
6 -9.1
61
0.7
6.6 -10
60
Phytate phosphorus
4.2
4.5
g/kg
53
% P
4.1 -4.2
2
52-53
2
Magnesium
2.8
3
g/kg
-
Potassium
15.9
17.3
g/kg
-
2.5
10.2 -21
89
2.7
11 -23.7
87
Sodium
1.26
1.37
g/kg
-
0.6
0.1 -3.1
194
0.66
0.11 -3.23
188
Chlorine
2.2
2.4
g/kg
-
0.3
1.5 -2.9
65
0.3
1.6 -3.2
63
Sulfur
3.5
3.8
g/kg
-
3.6
0.2 -7.9
7
3.9
0.2 -8.6
7
Dietary cation-anion difference
181
197
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
401
436
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
78
85
mg/kg
-
62 -96
4
65 -100
3
Zinc
51
55
mg/kg
-
1
Copper
8
9
mg/kg
-
1
Iron
77
84
mg/kg
-
69 -86
3
Selenium
0
0
mg/kg
-
1
Iodine
0.2
0.2
mg/kg
-
Lysine
6.2
6.7
g/kg
2.1
g/16g N
0.8
3.6 -12.7
248
0.9
3.9 -9
62
0.3
1.3-3.1
83
Threonine
9.7
10.6
g/kg
3.2
g/16g N
1.3
7.8 -11.5
24
1.4
8.6 -13.4
10
0.2
2.8-3.7
24
Methionine
4.6
5
g/kg
1.5
g/16g N
0.3
3.6 -5.1
27
0.3
4.4 -5.4
9
0.1
1.2-1.7
27
Cystine
5.7
6.2
g/kg
1.9
g/16g N
0.6
4.4 -6.6
30
0.6
4.8 -6.9
9
0.1
1.5-2.2
30
Methionine + cystine
10.3
11.2
g/kg
3.4
g/16g N
0.9
8.4 -11.7
27
0.9
9.2 -12.3
9
0.2
2.9-3.8
27
Tryptophan
3.2
3.5
g/kg
1.1
g/16g N
0.3
3.1 -4.1
12
0.3
3.4 -4.4
7
0.07
1-1.3
12
Isoleucine
10.3
11.2
g/kg
3.4
g/16g N
1.6
9.1 -13.7
28
1.7
10.3 -16
9
0.2
3.3-4.2
28
Valine
13
14.2
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
1.7
11.4 -16.2
27
1.9
12.5 -18.9
8
0.2
4-5
27
Leucine
19.3
21
g/kg
6.4
g/16g N
2.2
16.9 -23.4
27
2.4
18.5 -26.3
8
0.3
6-7.3
27
Phenylalanine
13.1
14.2
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
1.6
11.7 -15.8
28
1.7
12.9 -18.4
9
0.2
4.2-4.8
28
Tyrosine
8.9
9.7
g/kg
3
g/16g N
1.1
8.1 -10.7
16
1.2
9 -11.9
6
0.1
2.7-3.1
16
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
22
23.9
g/kg
7.3
g/16g N
2.5
19.8 -26.2
16
2.7
23 -30.3
6
0.2
7.2-8
16
Histidine
6.2
6.8
g/kg
2.1
g/16g N
1
5 -8.3
28
1.1
5.4 -9.7
9
0.2
1.7-2.5
28
Arginine
13.1
14.3
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
1
11.8 -15.2
27
1.1
13 -16.1
9
0.2
3.6-4.7
27
Alanine
11
12
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
1.7
9.3 -14
19
1.9
10.2 -16.3
8
0.3
3.3-4.4
19
Aspartic acid
15
16.4
g/kg
5
g/16g N
2.2
12.6 -18.3
17
2.3
13.8 -21.3
7
0.3
4.4-5.6
17
Glutamic acid
77
83.8
g/kg
25.6
g/16g N
7.4
65.7 -91.1
19
7.9
74.9 -99
8
0.8
23.9-26.7
19
Glycine
11.8
12.8
g/kg
3.9
g/16g N
1.7
10.8 -14.9
17
1.8
11.9 -17.4
7
0.2
3.6-4.6
17
Serine
13.5
14.7
g/kg
4.5
g/16g N
1.9
11.4 -17
19
2
13.2 -19.8
8
0.3
4-5.2
19
Proline
19
20.7
g/kg
6.3
g/16g N
C14:0 myristic acid
0.04
0.04
g/kg
0.1
% FA
0-0.3
4
C16:0 palmitic acid
4.9
5.3
g/kg
17.8
% FA
0.9
15.5-18.3
9
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.4
% FA
C18:0 stearic acid
0.2
0.2
g/kg
0.8
% FA
0.07
0.7-0.9
8
C18:1 oleic acid
4.2
4.5
g/kg
15.2
% FA
2.7
11.3-20.4
11
C18:2 linoleic acid
15.5
16.9
g/kg
56.4
% FA
C18:3 linolenic acid
1.6
1.8
g/kg
5.9
% FA
1.5 -2.4
3
1
5.4-8.5
9
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.4
0.4
g/kg
1.3
% FA
1
Fatty acids
2.8
3
%
65
% fat
DE growing pig (kcal)
3230
3510
kcal/kg
-
3090 -3480
3
3280 -3830
3
ME growing pig (kcal)
3010
3280
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
1960
2130
kcal/kg
-
1910 -2020
2
2030 -2140
2
DE adult pig (kcal)
3380
3680
kcal/kg
-
3370 -3630
2
3590 -3840
2
ME adult pig (kcal)
3110
3380
kcal/kg
-
2920 -3430
2
3110 -3640
2
NE adult pig (kcal)
2070
2250
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
72.9
%
67.1-78.1
3
OM digestibility growing pig
-
75.3
%
1
N digestibility growing pig
-
75.4
%
74.9-87.3
3
N digestibility ileal standardised pig
-
82
%
78-83.3
4
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
53.3
%
1
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
76.4
%
73.3-78.2
2
OM digestibility adult pig
-
78.9
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
78.5
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2560
2780
kcal/kg
-
2390 -2570
4
2550 -2800
4
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2510
2730
kcal/kg
-
2200 -2640
4
2400 -2790
4
PDIA INRA 2007
63
69
g/kg
-
57 -76
3
57 -81
4
PDIN INRA 2007
193
210
g/kg
-
193 -216
3
PDIE INRA 2007
116
127
g/kg
-
113 -130
3
120 -140
4
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2720
2960
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
77.8
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
78.3
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
75.6
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
85
%
75.2-85
3
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
72.2
%
Absorbable P ruminants
5.4
5.9
g/kg
68
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
78
%
73-84
4
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
54
%
50-59
2
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
42
%
38-46
2
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.076
h-1
0.073-0.079
2
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
94
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
73
%
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
56
%
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
36
%
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.055
h-1
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.5
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.8
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.8
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.5
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.1
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.1
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.7
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
75
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
72.3
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.85
0.92
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
238
259
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3290
3580
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
3030
3300
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
74.4
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
70
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
4
4.4
g/kg
65
%
1
1
5
57-72
7
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
7.7
8.4
g/kg
79
%
1
1
5
74-85
7
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
3.8
4.2
g/kg
83
%
1
1
6
75-90
7
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
4.6
5
g/kg
81
%
1
1
2
79-84
7
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
8.4
9.2
g/kg
82
%
81-84
3
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
2.6
2.8
g/kg
80
%
1
1
3
76-85
5
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
8.2
9
g/kg
80
%
1
1
3
74-83
7
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
10.5
11.5
g/kg
81
%
1
1
3
77-84
7
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
16.3
17.7
g/kg
84
%
1
1
2
82-87
7
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
11.5
12.6
g/kg
88
%
1
1
2
85-90
7
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
7.4
8.1
g/kg
83
%
4
79-88
6
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
19
20.7
g/kg
86
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
5.1
5.5
g/kg
82
%
1
1
2
79-85
7
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
11.4
12.4
g/kg
87
%
1
1
3
83-89
7
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
8.4
9.1
g/kg
76
%
3
71-79
6
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
11.7
12.7
g/kg
77
%
5
71-83
6
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
69.1
75.2
g/kg
90
%
1
88-92
6
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
9.3
10.2
g/kg
79
%
2
77-83
6
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
11.4
12.4
g/kg
84
%
3
80-87
6
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
17.2
18.8
g/kg
91
%
88-93
2
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
3.8
g/kg
57
%
50-67
3
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.7
7.3
g/kg
69
%
52-80
4
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
3.8
g/kg
77
%
58-86
4
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.9
4.3
g/kg
69
%
63-72
4
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.4
8.1
g/kg
72
%
1
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
2.5
2.7
g/kg
77
%
76-80
3
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.6
8.3
g/kg
74
%
57-82
4
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.6
10.4
g/kg
73
%
59-80
4
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
15.2
16.5
g/kg
78
%
64-85
4
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
10.9
11.9
g/kg
84
%
70-89
4
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.3
6.8
g/kg
70
%
64-74
3
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
17.2
18.7
g/kg
78
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.7
5.1
g/kg
76
%
72-78
4
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.6
10.4
g/kg
73
%
54-84
4
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.2
7.8
g/kg
66
%
51-73
3
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
8.8
9.6
g/kg
59
%
44-67
3
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
66.1
71.9
g/kg
86
%
82-88
3
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.8
8.5
g/kg
66
%
1
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
10.2
11.1
g/kg
75
%
71-78
3
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
16.5
18
g/kg
87
%
84-88
3
Gross energy (MJ)
18.5
20.1
MJ/kg
-
0.5
18.5 -19.4
5
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.7
0.8
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
68
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.04
1.13
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.02
1.1
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
55
60
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
106
116
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
142
155
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.02
1.1
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
0.99
1.07
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
64
70
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
114
124
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
134
145
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1790
1940
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1740
1890
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2760
3000
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
77
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
76.4
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
75
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
88
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.6
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
1.9
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.5
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.3
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.1
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.2
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.7
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
12
13
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.8
8.5
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.7
8.4
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
70
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.97
1.05
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.93
1.01
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
78
85
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
127
138
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
119
130
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.193
0.21
per kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0.02
0.02
g/kg
0.08
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.06
0.06
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0-1.9
3
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:1 erucic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.5
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
2
2.2
g/kg
25
%
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
3
3.2
g/kg
38
%
Available P cockerel
2
2.2
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
2
2.2
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.98
1.07
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
0.94
1.02
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
2810
3050
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
63.4
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
86.4
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
13.5
14.7
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
12.6
13.7
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
8.2
8.9
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
14.1
15.4
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
13
14.2
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
8.7
9.4
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
10.7
11.6
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
10.5
11.4
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
11.4
12.4
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
13.8
15
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
12.7
13.8
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
11.7
12.8
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
982
1068
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1031
1122
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
102
111
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
142
154
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
3.7
4.1
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.4
1.6
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
69.6
75.7
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.34
3.63
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.72
1.87
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.63
1.77
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.85
2.01
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.25
1.36
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
21
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
24
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
7
7.6
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
187
204
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
18
20
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
8.4
9.1
%
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-