Dry matter
92.2
100
%
-
0.9
88.4 -95.5
1450
1.3
Crude protein
52.2
56.6
%
-
2.2
42.9 -57.6
1500
2.3
46.9 -62.7
1450
Crude fibre
1.9
2
%
-
0.8
0.5 -4.6
136
0.8
0.5 -5
129
Crude fat
8.3
9
%
-
1.8
5.2 -13.3
74
1.9
5.4 -14.4
68
Ash
9.9
10.8
%
-
1.6
6.5 -13.9
655
1.7
7.2 -14.9
653
Insoluble ash
0.7
0.8
%
-
0.6
0.2 -2
7
0.6
0.2 -2.1
7
NDF
17.2
18.6
%
-
3.2
10.6 -22.6
13
3.5
11.5 -24.5
10
ADF
3.9
4.2
%
-
0.9
1.7 -5.1
17
1
1.9 -5.6
13
Lignin
1.5
1.6
%
-
0.6
0.5 -2.7
17
0.6
0.6 -2.9
13
Water insoluble cell walls
9.5
10.3
%
-
9.4 -9.7
2
1
Starch
0.9
0.9
%
-
0.2
0.5 -1.1
8
0.2
0.5 -1.2
8
Total sugars
0.7
0.7
%
-
0.2
0.2 -1
8
0.2
0.2 -1.1
8
Gross energy (kcal)
4820
5230
kcal/kg
-
130
4620 -4900
7
130
4830 -5240
13
Calcium
33.8
36.7
g/kg
-
5.3
23 -50.8
91
5.7
24.8 -55.6
91
Phosphorus
8.5
9.2
g/kg
-
1.5
5.1 -15.8
84
1.7
5.6 -16.8
84
Phytate phosphorus
0.4
0.5
g/kg
5
% P
Magnesium
1.4
1.5
g/kg
-
0.1
1.2 -1.6
17
0.1
1.3 -1.7
17
Potassium
7
7.6
g/kg
-
1.2
5.5 -10.1
17
1.3
5.9 -11
17
Sodium
0.07
0.08
g/kg
-
0.09
0.02 -0.6
40
0.1
0.02 -0.66
40
Chlorine
1.3
1.4
g/kg
-
0.1 -1.8
3
0.1 -2
3
Sulfur
9.2
10
g/kg
-
3.3
4.5 -12.3
8
3.5
4.9 -13.4
8
Dietary cation-anion difference
-431
-467
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
146
159
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
103
112
mg/kg
-
1
1
Zinc
19
21
mg/kg
-
10
11 -41
9
11
12 -44
8
Copper
13
14
mg/kg
-
3
10 -20
8
4
10 -21
8
Iron
538
583
mg/kg
-
276
78 -828
8
300
84 -899
8
Selenium
0.2
0.3
mg/kg
-
0.2
0.05 -0.6
5
0.2
0.06 -0.7
5
Iodine
0.4
0.4
mg/kg
-
0.2
0.1 -0.7
7
0.2
0.1 -0.8
7
Lysine
31.5
34.2
g/kg
6
g/16g N
2.8
28.5 -35.5
13
3
31.2 -38.8
5
0.2
5.9-6.5
6
Threonine
25
27.2
g/kg
4.8
g/16g N
1.9
22.8 -28.4
13
2
26.2 -31
5
0.1
4.8-5.2
6
Methionine
10.7
11.6
g/kg
2.1
g/16g N
0.5
8.8 -11.2
13
0.6
10.8 -12.2
5
0.03
2-2.1
6
Cystine
5
5.4
g/kg
0.9
g/16g N
0.7
3.9 -6.2
12
0.7
4.2 -5.8
5
0.1
0.8-1
6
Methionine + cystine
15.7
17
g/kg
3
g/16g N
1.2
14 -16.5
12
1.3
15 -18
5
0.1
2.8-3.1
6
Tryptophan
8
8.7
g/kg
1.5
g/16g N
3.5
4.1 -14.3
7
1
1
Isoleucine
26.3
28.6
g/kg
5
g/16g N
1.7
24.2 -29.8
13
1.8
26.3 -30.5
5
0.2
5-5.6
6
Valine
31.2
33.9
g/kg
6
g/16g N
1.9
29.1 -33.4
13
2
31.6 -36.5
5
Leucine
46.2
50.1
g/kg
8.8
g/16g N
3.4
42.9 -54.6
13
3.6
45.9 -55.6
5
0.2
8.8-9.3
6
Phenylalanine
31.1
33.7
g/kg
6
g/16g N
2.4
28.1 -34.4
13
2.5
31.6 -37.6
5
0.2
5.8-6.3
6
Tyrosine
22.3
24.2
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
1.7
18.9 -24.9
13
1.8
22.2 -27.2
5
0.2
4.2-4.7
6
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
53.4
57.9
g/kg
10.2
g/16g N
3.9
47.7 -59.3
13
4.1
54.1 -64.7
5
Histidine
13.2
14.3
g/kg
2.5
g/16g N
0.9
11.4 -13.9
13
1
12.7 -15.2
5
0.07
2.4-2.5
6
Arginine
31.3
34
g/kg
6
g/16g N
2.3
29 -35.6
13
2.5
32.4 -38.9
5
Alanine
30.7
33.3
g/kg
5.9
g/16g N
2.1
28.1 -33.5
9
2.2
30.1 -35.9
5
0.1
5.8-6
6
Aspartic acid
50.1
54.3
g/kg
9.6
g/16g N
3.3
46.7 -54.5
13
3.6
50.7 -59.5
5
0.2
9.5-10
6
Glutamic acid
55
59.6
g/kg
10.5
g/16g N
3.9
51.3 -68.8
13
4.2
55.8 -66.4
5
0.3
10.4-11.1
6
Glycine
27.1
29.4
g/kg
5.2
g/16g N
2
24.6 -29.5
9
2.1
26.3 -32.2
5
0.1
5-5.4
6
Serine
21.9
23.7
g/kg
4.2
g/16g N
1.2
15.6 -24
13
1.3
23.1 -26.2
5
Proline
23.4
25.3
g/kg
4.5
g/16g N
1.3
18.6 -25.4
13
1.3
24.2 -27.6
5
C14:0 myristic acid
0.8
0.9
g/kg
1.5
% FA
1.1
0.4-3.1
8
C16:0 palmitic acid
9.5
10.3
g/kg
16.6
% FA
2.9
8.5 -18.7
13
3
13.3-21.3
8
C18:0 stearic acid
1.6
1.7
g/kg
2.8
% FA
0.5
1.4 -3.2
14
1.1
1.3-4.8
8
C18:1 oleic acid
4.3
4.7
g/kg
7.6
% FA
1.1
1.4 -4.8
14
2.8
3.4-11.7
8
C18:2 linoleic acid
16.7
18.2
g/kg
29.3
% FA
1.8
9.8 -17.2
14
12.2 -18.5
3
7.4
17.6-40
8
C18:3 linolenic acid
20.5
22.2
g/kg
35.8
% FA
8.3
25.7-51.4
8
Fatty acids
5.7
6.2
%
69
% fat
1
Vitamin A
207
225
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin E
867
941
mg/kg
-
1
Vitamin K
100
108
mg/kg
-
1
Vitamin B1 thiamin
2.6
2.9
mg/kg
-
1
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
4.5
4.9
mg/kg
-
1
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
83.4
90.5
mg/kg
-
1
Vitamin B12
0.01
0.01
µg/kg
-
1
Niacin
6
6.5
mg/kg
-
1
Pantothenic acid
0
0
mg/kg
-
1
Folic acid
0.7
0.8
mg/kg
-
1
Biotin
0.2
0.2
mg/kg
-
1
Choline
1190
1291
mg/kg
-
1
Xanthophylls
1318
1430
mg/kg
-
191
678 -1929
850
207
736 -2063
781
DE growing pig (kcal)
3750
4070
kcal/kg
-
ME growing pig (kcal)
3420
3710
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2200
2390
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3870
4190
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3510
3800
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2280
2470
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
77.7
%
1
OM digestibility growing pig
-
80
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
85
%
1
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
80
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
80.2
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
82.9
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
86.4
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2730
2970
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2730
2970
kcal/kg
-
2210 -3050
2
2390 -3270
2
Available P cockerel
6.8
7.3
g/kg
80
% P
PDIA INRA 2007
413
448
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
463
502
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
439
477
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
3310
3590
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
93.2
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
92.1
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
80.4
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
95
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
75.9
%
Absorbable P ruminants
6.3
6.8
g/kg
74
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
25
%
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
80
%
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
65
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.7
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
1.9
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.4
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.1
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
9.5
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.2
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.4
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.3
% PDIE
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
28.2
30.6
g/kg
89
%
89-91
4
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
20.4
22.1
g/kg
81
%
80-83
4
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
9.2
10
g/kg
86
%
85-87
4
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.9
3.1
g/kg
58
%
52-66
4
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
12.1
13.1
g/kg
77
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
6.7
7.3
g/kg
83
%
81-86
4
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
21.4
23.2
g/kg
81
%
80-82
4
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
25.1
27.2
g/kg
80
%
78-82
4
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
39.1
42.4
g/kg
85
%
83-86
4
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
26.2
28.4
g/kg
84
%
83-85
4
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
19.8
21.5
g/kg
89
%
88-90
4
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
45.9
49.8
g/kg
86
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
11.1
12
g/kg
84
%
84-86
4
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
28.2
30.6
g/kg
90
%
89-91
4
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
42.5
46.1
g/kg
85
%
84-86
4
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
45.2
49.1
g/kg
82
%
81-84
4
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
17.2
18.7
g/kg
79
%
77-81
4
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
18.3
19.9
g/kg
78
%
78-81
4
Gross energy (MJ)
20.2
21.9
MJ/kg
-
0.5
19.3 -20.5
7
0.5
20.2 -21.9
13
Absorbable Ca ruminants
18.6
20.2
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
84.4
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.39
1.5
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.42
1.55
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
323
351
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
366
397
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
102
110
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.36
1.47
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.39
1.51
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
347
376
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
388
420
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
80
87
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2390
2600
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2440
2650
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
3540
3840
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
90.7
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
91.8
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
30
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
82
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.8
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.1
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.3
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.1
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
9.8
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.1
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.6
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.4
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
14.8
16.1
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
10
10.9
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
10.3
11.1
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
62
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1.31
1.42
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.32
1.43
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
389
421
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
427
463
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
40
43
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.25
0.271
per kg
-
Cobalt
0.4
0.5
mg/kg
-
Molybdenum
0.3
0.3
mg/kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C12:0 lauric acid
0.4
0.5
g/kg
0.7
% FA
0 -0.5
2
0 -0.5
2
0.7
0.1-1.9
7
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.7
0.8
g/kg
1.3
% FA
1.2
0.2-3.8
8
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0.02
0.03
g/kg
0.04
% FA
1
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.4
0.5
g/kg
0.8
% FA
2.6
0 -9.8
14
0 -0.6
2
0.3
0.4-1.1
8
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.07
0.08
g/kg
0.1
% FA
0.1
0-0.4
8
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0.02
0.02
g/kg
0.04
% FA
0.07
0-0.2
8
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0.04
0.04
g/kg
0.07
% FA
0-0.2
3
C22:0 behenic acid
0.5
0.5
g/kg
0.9
% FA
0.7
0.3-2.3
8
C22:1 erucic acid
0.05
0.06
g/kg
0.09
% FA
0 -0.7
2
0 -0.8
2
0.1
0-0.4
8
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0.04
0.04
g/kg
0.07
% FA
0.2
0-0.5
8
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0.01
0.01
g/kg
0.01
% FA
0.03
0-0.09
8
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0.5
0.6
g/kg
1
% FA
0.9
0-2.8
8
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
2.5
2.8
g/kg
30
%
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
3.8
4.1
g/kg
45
%
Available P broiler
6.8
7.3
g/kg
80
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.23
1.34
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
1.22
1.33
per kg
-
OM digestibility horse
-
90.4
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
86.8
%
Horse Forage Unit
1.02
1.11
per kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3950
4290
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
3520
3820
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
81.9
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
68.8
%
DE salmonids (kcal)
3640
3950
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
75.5
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
87.7
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
25.1
27.2
g/kg
80
%
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
19.7
21.3
g/kg
79
%
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
9.1
9.9
g/kg
85
%
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
3.9
4.2
g/kg
78
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
13
14.1
g/kg
83
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
6.4
6.9
g/kg
79
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
21.7
23.5
g/kg
82
%
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
25.4
27.5
g/kg
81
%
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
39
42.3
g/kg
84
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
26.5
28.7
g/kg
85
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
18.7
20.3
g/kg
84
%
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
45.2
49
g/kg
85
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
11
12
g/kg
84
%
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
27.8
30.2
g/kg
89
%
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
24.6
26.7
g/kg
80
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
40.7
44.2
g/kg
81
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
47.9
51.9
g/kg
87
%
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
21.2
23
g/kg
78
%
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
17.9
19.4
g/kg
82
%
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
19.2
20.8
g/kg
82
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
24.7
26.8
g/kg
80
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
20.9
22.7
g/kg
77
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
15.7
17
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
14.3
15.5
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
9.2
10
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
16.2
17.6
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
14.7
15.9
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
9.5
10.4
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
11.4
12.4
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
11.4
12.4
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
13.9
15
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
16.5
17.9
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
14.7
16
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
15.2
16.5
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
1230
1335
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1337
1450
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
431
468
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
49
53
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
5.9
6.4
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
2
2.2
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
72.6
78.8
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.74
4.06
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
2.02
2.19
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.91
2.07
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
2.12
2.3
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.47
1.6
Mcal/kg
-
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
8.7
9.4
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
498
540
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
4
4
g/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Phosphorus consumption
16.92
18.36
g P/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear)
30.21
32.77
MJ/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Climate change (ILCD)
747
810
g CO2eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Acidification (ILCD)
0.0046
0.005
mol H+eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Eutrophication (CML baseline)
15.55
16.87
g PO4---eq/kg
-
Origin France, ex factory
Land competition (CML non baseline)
0.0002
0.0002
m²yr/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
0.3
0.3
%
-
1
1
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-