Dry matter
89.6
100
%
-
1.8
81 -97.6
185
2.8
Crude protein
13.8
15.4
%
-
1.4
8 -20
221
1.5
9.5 -19
184
Crude fibre
8.1
9
%
-
1.5
5.1 -11
170
1.7
5.4 -12.6
154
Crude fat
16.6
18.6
%
-
3.2
7 -32.8
122
3.5
8 -36.6
120
Ash
6.9
7.7
%
-
1.4
2.8 -13.2
132
1.6
5.3 -14.8
97
Insoluble ash
1.5
1.6
%
-
1.2
0.1 -5.8
182
1.3
0.1 -6.3
189
NDF
21.9
24.5
%
-
3.9
12.3 -32.1
61
4.3
13.3 -35.3
108
ADF
10.3
11.5
%
-
2.2
4.3 -16.3
57
2.4
4.9 -17.9
103
Lignin
3.7
4.1
%
-
0.9
1.2 -5.7
54
1
1.4 -6
103
Water insoluble cell walls
23.2
25.9
%
-
Starch
22.2
24.8
%
-
6.7
11 -43.7
173
7.4
12.3 -49.2
157
Total sugars
2.5
2.8
%
-
1.9
0.01 -5.8
14
2.1
0.01 -6.5
14
Gross energy (kcal)
4680
5220
kcal/kg
-
470
3880 -5490
17
510
4450 -6110
20
Calcium
0.6
0.7
g/kg
-
0.4
0.1 -3.4
195
0.4
0.1 -3.7
213
Phosphorus
14.8
16.5
g/kg
-
4.3
1.1 -20.9
208
4.8
1.2 -23
227
Phytate phosphorus
12.5
14
g/kg
85
% P
Magnesium
7
7.8
g/kg
-
1.6
1.7 -11.3
153
1.8
1.9 -12.3
167
Potassium
13.3
14.9
g/kg
-
2.8
3.5 -19.2
149
3.1
3.8 -21
163
Sodium
0.18
0.2
g/kg
-
0.15
0.06 -0.8
16
0.17
0.07 -0.87
27
Chlorine
0.8
0.9
g/kg
-
1
0.2
0.2 -1.2
11
Sulfur
1.4
1.6
g/kg
-
1
0.2
1.4 -1.9
11
Dietary cation-anion difference
238
266
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
327
365
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
190
213
mg/kg
-
78
18 -400
21
87
19 -433
35
Zinc
61
68
mg/kg
-
22
41 -152
24
24
44 -164
40
Copper
9
10
mg/kg
-
14
3 -85
21
15
1 -94
34
Iron
111
124
mg/kg
-
74
39 -230
12
83
38 -441
26
Selenium
0.2
0.2
mg/kg
-
0.08
0.08 -0.3
8
0.09
0.09 -0.3
8
Cobalt
0.4
0.4
mg/kg
-
0.2
0.2 -0.7
6
0.2
0.2 -0.8
7
Molybdenum
2
2
mg/kg
-
0.3
0.3
2 -3
10
Lysine
6.1
6.8
g/kg
4.4
g/16g N
1.3
2.9 -9.1
35
1.5
3.2 -10.3
37
0.6
3.3-5.6
35
Threonine
5.1
5.7
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
1
2.9 -8.4
32
1.1
3.2 -9.2
34
0.5
2.5-4.5
32
Methionine
3
3.3
g/kg
2.2
g/16g N
0.7
2.1 -4.7
33
0.7
2.4 -5.2
35
0.3
1.4-2.9
33
Cystine
2
2.2
g/kg
1.4
g/16g N
0.7
0.6 -3.3
28
0.7
0.7 -3.6
27
0.4
0.4-2.1
28
Methionine + cystine
4.9
5.5
g/kg
3.6
g/16g N
0.9
3.1 -6.8
29
1
3.4 -7.4
28
0.4
2.6-4.5
29
Tryptophan
2.3
2.6
g/kg
1.7
g/16g N
0.6
1.3 -3.5
27
0.6
1.5 -3.9
26
0.5
0.9-2.9
27
Isoleucine
7
7.8
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
2
4.6 -11
30
2.2
4.9 -12.1
32
1.1
3.3-6.6
30
Valine
7.6
8.5
g/kg
5.5
g/16g N
1.3
4.5 -10.2
32
1.4
4.9 -11.4
34
0.4
4.7-6.3
32
Leucine
9.6
10.7
g/kg
7
g/16g N
1.3
6.3 -13.3
32
1.5
6.9 -14.6
34
0.6
5-8.2
32
Phenylalanine
6.4
7.1
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
1
4.1 -8.5
32
1.1
4.5 -9.3
34
0.4
3.6-5.2
32
Tyrosine
5.1
5.6
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
0.9
3.5 -7.3
32
1
3.7 -8
34
0.5
2.4-4.9
32
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
11.4
12.7
g/kg
8.3
g/16g N
1.8
7.9 -15.8
32
1.9
8.8 -17.3
34
0.8
6.4-9.7
32
Histidine
3.5
3.9
g/kg
2.6
g/16g N
0.9
1.7 -5.5
32
1
1.8 -6.2
34
0.4
1.9-3.6
32
Arginine
10.3
11.5
g/kg
7.5
g/16g N
3.4
3.1 -16.8
31
3.8
3.4 -18.4
33
1.8
3.6-9.8
31
Alanine
8.4
9.4
g/kg
6.1
g/16g N
1.6
5.3 -13.2
32
1.8
5.8 -14.5
31
0.6
4.6-7.3
32
Aspartic acid
12.2
13.6
g/kg
8.8
g/16g N
2.2
7.5 -16.3
32
2.4
8.4 -18.3
34
1.1
6.5-10.9
32
Glutamic acid
19.1
21.3
g/kg
13.9
g/16g N
3.2
13.9 -25.7
31
3.6
15.5 -28.9
30
1.5
9.5-16.5
31
Glycine
7
7.9
g/kg
5.1
g/16g N
1.5
3 -12
31
1.7
3.3 -13.2
30
0.6
3.5-6.4
31
Serine
6.3
7
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
1.5
3.7 -9.9
32
1.7
4.1 -10.8
31
0.7
3.1-6
32
Proline
6.6
7.4
g/kg
4.8
g/16g N
1.2
4.1 -10
27
1.3
4.5 -11
26
0.6
3.6-6
27
C12:0 lauric acid
0.05
0.06
g/kg
0.04
% FA
0.02-0.06
4
C14:0 myristic acid
0.5
0.5
g/kg
0.4
% FA
0.4 -0.6
2
0.4 -0.7
2
0.3
0-0.9
8
C16:0 palmitic acid
25
27.9
g/kg
18.8
% FA
2.6
14.7-23.9
40
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.2
0.3
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.1
0-0.3
6
C18:0 stearic acid
2.8
3.1
g/kg
2.1
% FA
0.5
0.9-3.7
40
C18:1 oleic acid
53.1
59.3
g/kg
39.9
% FA
3.3
28.9-45
40
C18:2 linoleic acid
47.6
53.2
g/kg
35.8
% FA
3.5
30-41
41
C18:3 linolenic acid
2
2.2
g/kg
1.5
% FA
1.4 -2.8
3
1.5 -3
3
0.5
1-3.7
40
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.7
0.7
g/kg
0.5
% FA
1
1
0.3
0-0.9
7
Fatty acids
13.3
14.8
%
80
% fat
Vitamin E
49.2
54.9
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
27.5
30.7
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
2.8
3.1
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
40.7
45.4
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Niacin
340
379
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
73.9
82.5
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0
0
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.3
0.4
mg/kg
-
Choline
1130
1261
mg/kg
-
Phytase activity
120
130
IU/kg
-
1
DE growing pig (kcal)
3400
3790
kcal/kg
-
1
ME growing pig (kcal)
3280
3660
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2510
2800
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3550
3960
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3380
3770
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2600
2900
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
72.7
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
75.5
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
69.1
%
1
N digestibility ileal standardised pig
-
66
%
65.5-85.1
3
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
75.6
%
1
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
75.8
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
79
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
75.4
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
1.8
2
g/kg
12
%
1
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
2770
3090
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
2670
2980
kcal/kg
-
2310 -3010
3
2530 -3410
4
PDIA INRA 2007
39
44
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
90
101
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
66
73
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2610
2920
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
68
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
68.9
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
63.8
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
80
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
77.8
%
Absorbable P ruminants
9.4
10.5
g/kg
64
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
68
%
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
42
%
1
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
41
%
1
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.105
h-1
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
73
%
Immediately degradable starch (a)
-
19
%
Potentially degradable starch (b)
-
81
%
Degradation rate of particles starch (c)
-
0.12
h-1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
66
%
Immediately degradable DM (a)
-
48
%
Potentially degradable DM (b)
-
35
%
Degradation rate of particles DM (c)
-
0.065
h-1
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.4
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
4.9
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.5
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.2
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.1
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.3
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.5
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
70
%
1
Energy digestibility horse
-
67.5
%
Horse Forage Unit
0.93
1.04
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
92
103
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3270
3650
kcal/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (kcal)
3160
3530
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
70
%
1
N digestibility rabbit
-
60.7
%
45.9-72
3
DE salmonids (kcal)
2800
3120
kcal/kg
-
1
1
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
60
%
1
N digestibility salmonids
-
64
%
1
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
4.7
5.2
g/kg
76
%
4.4 -5.5
4
4.6 -5.7
4
68-84
4
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
3.7
4.2
g/kg
73
%
2.8 -4
4
2.9 -4.3
4
63-82
4
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
2.4
2.7
g/kg
81
%
1.7 -10.2
4
1.9 -10.6
4
75-88
4
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
1.5
1.7
g/kg
76
%
65-83
3
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
3.9
4.3
g/kg
79
%
1
1
1
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.8
2
g/kg
78
%
70-84
3
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
5.4
6
g/kg
77
%
68-85
4
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
5.8
6.5
g/kg
77
%
5.4 -6.7
4
6 -6.9
4
68-85
4
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
7.5
8.3
g/kg
78
%
6.3 -27.7
4
7.1 -28.8
4
69-86
4
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
4.9
5.5
g/kg
78
%
68-85
4
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
3.7
4.1
g/kg
72
%
71-74
2
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
8.6
9.6
g/kg
75
%
1
1
1
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
3
3.3
g/kg
85
%
81-88
4
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
8.7
9.7
g/kg
85
%
5.6 -10.3
4
5.8 -10.9
4
69-93
4
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
6.3
7.1
g/kg
75
%
5.1 -7.3
4
5.7 -7.6
4
62-85
4
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
8.9
10
g/kg
74
%
8.7 -10
4
9.8 -10.4
4
62-82
4
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
16
17.9
g/kg
84
%
12.5 -16.8
4
74-91
4
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
5.4
6
g/kg
76
%
4.9 -6.1
3
5.5 -6.4
3
67-83
3
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
4.8
5.4
g/kg
77
%
69-85
4
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
4.4
4.9
g/kg
67
%
62-71
2
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.5
5
g/kg
74
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.4
3.8
g/kg
67
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.1
2.4
g/kg
72
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.4
1.5
g/kg
69
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
3.9
g/kg
71
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.6
1.8
g/kg
70
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.7
5.3
g/kg
68
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
5
5.6
g/kg
66
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.6
7.4
g/kg
69
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.3
4.8
g/kg
67
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.3
3.7
g/kg
65
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
7.6
8.4
g/kg
66
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
2.6
2.9
g/kg
74
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
8
8.9
g/kg
78
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.2
6.9
g/kg
74
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
8.6
9.6
g/kg
71
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
14.3
16
g/kg
75
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
5.1
5.7
g/kg
72
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.5
5.1
g/kg
72
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
4.7
5.3
g/kg
71
%
Gross energy (MJ)
19.6
21.8
MJ/kg
-
2
16.2 -23
17
2.1
18.6 -25.6
20
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.3
0.4
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
57
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
0.99
1.1
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
0.94
1.05
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
34
38
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
77
86
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
15
17
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
0.96
1.07
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
0.9
1.01
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
37
42
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
79
88
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
13
15
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1690
1880
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1590
1770
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2660
2970
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
67.6
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
66.6
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
66
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
75
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.6
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
4.9
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.3
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.8
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.3
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.1
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.3
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.5
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
11.3
12.6
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
7.2
8
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
6.8
7.6
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
64
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
0.91
1.01
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
0.84
0.94
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
42
47
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
83
92
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
9
10
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.242
0.27
per kg
-
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.8
0.9
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.5-0.7
2
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0.6
0.7
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.03-0.7
3
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.3
0.4
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.1-0.4
3
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0.4
0.4
g/kg
0.3
% FA
1
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
2.7
3
g/kg
18
%
Available P cockerel
3.7
4.1
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
3.7
4.1
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
0.92
1.03
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
0.86
0.96
per kg
-
DE growing pig (MJ)
14.2
15.9
MJ/kg
-
1
ME growing pig (MJ)
13.7
15.3
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
10.5
11.7
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
14.8
16.6
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
14.2
15.8
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
10.9
12.1
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
11.6
12.9
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
11.2
12.5
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
10.9
12.2
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
13.7
15.3
MJ/kg
-
1
1
ME rabbit (MJ)
13.2
14.8
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
11.7
13.1
MJ/kg
-
1
1
VEM CVB 2018
923
1030
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
939
1048
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
46
52
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
43
48
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
2.3
2.6
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1
1.2
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
77.2
86.1
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.42
3.81
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.89
2.11
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.79
2
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.91
2.14
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.31
1.46
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
30
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
34
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
6.5
7.3
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
152
169
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-2
-3
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
19.7
21.9
%
-
1
Vitamin A
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin K
0.02
0.02
mg/kg
-
Vitamin C
0
0
mg/kg
-