Dry matter 90.7 100 % - 1.7 86 -95.3 264 2.7 Crude protein 42.6 47 % - 3.6 29.6 -55.8 267 3.9 34.3 -60.3 287 Crude fibre 11.7 12.9 % - 2.5 5.5 -15 232 2.7 3.6 -16.6 246 Crude fat 2.5 2.7 % - 1.4 0.1 -5 163 1.5 0.1 -6 185 Ash 6.6 7.3 % - 0.7 5.1 -8.5 201 0.7 5.1 -9.4 228 Insoluble ash 0.1 0.2 % - 0.1 0.02 -0.5 16 0.2 0.02 -0.5 19 NDF 24.3 26.8 % - 5.4 12.7 -39.1 67 6 13.8 -46.4 77 ADF 16.1 17.8 % - 3.4 7.4 -23.6 66 3.7 8 -26.6 73 Lignin 5.5 6 % - 1.1 3.3 -8.6 48 1.3 3.2 -9.8 54 Water insoluble cell walls 27.5 30.4 % - 5.5 19.7 -41.7 21 6 21.3 -45.6 23 Starch 2.9 3.2 % - 1.4 1.8 -6.1 11 1.5 2 -6.9 11 Total sugars 4.8 5.2 % - 0.8 3.7 -5.2 7 0.8 4.1 -6.9 8 Gross energy (kcal) 4430 4890 kcal/kg - 240 3930 -4820 45 240 4380 -5310 51 Calcium 2.1 2.3 g/kg - 0.8 1.2 -7.5 71 0.9 1.3 -8.1 86 Phosphorus 11.5 12.7 g/kg - 2.9 3.8 -15.5 71 3.2 3.2 -17.2 88 Phytate phosphorus 8 8.9 g/kg 70 % P 1 1 1 Magnesium 5.2 5.7 g/kg - 1.5 2 -7.2 30 1.7 2.1 -7.8 43 Potassium 14.1 15.5 g/kg - 3.4 12.9 -18.9 30 3.8 2.8 -20.8 43 Sodium 0.63 0.7 g/kg - 0.76 0.29 -2.97 8 0.84 0.26 -3.2 18 Chlorine 0.6 0.6 g/kg - 0.2 0.3 -0.8 12 Sulfur 3.3 3.6 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 169 187 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 373 411 mEq/kg - Manganese 23 25 mg/kg - 14 5 -81 11 15 6 -85 21 Zinc 48 52 mg/kg - 34 44 -151 11 38 19 -159 21 Copper 90 99 mg/kg - 86 7 -198 21 Iron 527 581 mg/kg - 1572 75 -7165 8 1734 81 -7526 18 Selenium 0.4 0.4 mg/kg - Cobalt 2 3 mg/kg - 4 0.4 -10 5 5 0.4 -11 5 Molybdenum 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - 1 1 Iodine 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Lysine 16.9 18.7 g/kg 4 g/16g N 2.6 11.2 -24.4 70 2.8 12.1 -26.4 70 0.4 3.2-5.3 70 Threonine 13.4 14.8 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 1.7 10.5 -19.1 64 1.9 11.3 -20.6 66 0.3 2.5-3.7 66 Methionine 6 6.6 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 0.9 3.6 -8.8 63 1 4.1 -9.5 63 0.2 0.7-1.8 63 Cystine 7.4 8.2 g/kg 1.7 g/16g N 1.1 4.6 -8.5 30 1.2 5.1 -11 31 0.2 1.1-2.3 31 Methionine + cystine 13.4 14.8 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 1.7 9 -15.1 18 1.9 9.9 -16.8 18 0.4 2.1-3.6 18 Tryptophan 5.5 6.1 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 1 3 -6.9 26 1.1 3.3 -7.5 27 0.2 0.7-1.5 27 Isoleucine 13.4 14.8 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 1.7 10 -19.4 64 1.9 11.2 -20.9 65 0.3 2.5-4 65 Valine 19.3 21.3 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N 2.1 14 -25.2 64 2.3 15.6 -27.3 66 0.4 3.7-5.2 66 Leucine 24.2 26.7 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 2.9 19 -32.5 65 3.1 20.8 -35.7 67 0.4 4.8-6.6 67 Phenylalanine 22.1 24.3 g/kg 5.2 g/16g N 2.5 18 -30.6 63 2.8 19.7 -33.6 64 0.3 4.6-6.3 64 Tyrosine 11.9 13.1 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 2.4 9 -19.7 37 2.6 9.9 -21.6 38 0.4 2.2-4.2 38 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 33.9 37.4 g/kg 8 g/16g N 5.1 27 -45.8 24 5.6 29.6 -50.3 25 0.7 7.5-9.9 25 Histidine 12.3 13.5 g/kg 2.9 g/16g N 1.9 9.6 -17.4 43 2 10.5 -18.8 45 0.3 2.3-3.6 45 Arginine 47 51.8 g/kg 11 g/16g N 6.7 33 -67.9 61 7.4 35.7 -73.4 63 0.9 9.3-14.8 63 Alanine 18.4 20.3 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 2.2 13.7 -23.6 61 2.4 15 -25.8 63 0.4 3.2-5.3 63 Aspartic acid 39.2 43.2 g/kg 9.2 g/16g N 5.6 30.8 -61.5 59 6.1 32.3 -69.4 61 0.9 8-14.8 61 Glutamic acid 80.6 88.9 g/kg 18.9 g/16g N 9.4 69.8 -110 60 10.2 77.1 -119 61 1.2 16.8-22.7 61 Glycine 17.3 19.1 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 2.2 13.6 -26.7 58 2.4 14.7 -30.8 60 0.3 3.4-5.5 60 Serine 18.3 20.2 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 2.7 13.1 -26.8 58 2.9 14.2 -29.7 60 0.5 3.3-5.9 60 Proline 15.2 16.7 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 3.6 11.8 -25.7 25 4 12.8 -27.8 27 0.5 3-4.9 27 C12:0 lauric acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA C14:0 myristic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.3 0.5-1.2 9 C16:0 palmitic acid 5 5.5 g/kg 22.7 % FA 0.8 21.7-24.2 14 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 0.5 % FA 0.3 0.3-1 9 C18:0 stearic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 1.9 % FA 0.4 1.5-3 14 C18:1 oleic acid 3.7 4 g/kg 16.7 % FA 1.5 14.7-20.8 14 C18:2 linoleic acid 12.5 13.8 g/kg 57.3 % FA 3.6 46.1-60 14 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.7 % FA 1.4 0.05-4.4 9 Fatty acids 2.2 2.4 % 88 % fat 2 86-90 10 Vitamin E 20.6 22.8 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 21.8 24 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 4.1 4.6 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 8 8.8 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 42.1 46.5 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 46.4 51.2 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.6 0.7 mg/kg - Choline 2748 3032 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3240 3580 kcal/kg - 310 2350 -3400 10 340 2630 -3700 10 ME growing pig (kcal) 2940 3250 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1780 1960 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3400 3750 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3060 3370 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1870 2070 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 73.2 % 6.7 56-77.3 9 OM digestibility growing pig - 74.6 % N digestibility growing pig - 94 % N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 77 % 7 66.8-90 8 Crude fat digestibility pig - 37 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 76.7 % OM digestibility adult pig - 78.3 % N digestibility adult pig - 96.2 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 3 3.3 g/kg 26 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2080 2300 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 2060 2270 kcal/kg - 1820 -2830 3 2080 -3170 4 PDIA INRA 2007 169 187 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 306 338 g/kg - 277 -338 4 PDIE INRA 2007 212 234 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2600 2870 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 78.3 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 78.1 % 1 N digestibility ruminants - 78.4 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 90 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 70.5 % Absorbable P ruminants 7.4 8.1 g/kg 64 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 60 % 58-73 4 Immediately degradable N (a) - 29 % 13-39 3 Potentially degradable N (b) - 60 % 59-64 2 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.065 h-1 0.064-0.086 2 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 59 % 6 55-71 5 Immediately degradable DM (a) - 27 % 6 26-41 5 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 64 % 6 52-69 5 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.06 h-1 0.01 0.044-0.067 5 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.6 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.4 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.5 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.6 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.6 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.2 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 80.6 % Energy digestibility horse - 77.5 % Horse Forage Unit 0.69 0.76 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 339 374 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 3070 3390 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2670 2950 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 69.3 % N digestibility rabbit - 77.9 % DE salmonids (kcal) 3090 3410 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 48.5 % 48-49 2 N digestibility salmonids - 78.3 % 75-81.5 2 Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 12 13.3 g/kg 71 % 3.4 8.6 -22.2 16 3.8 9.6 -24.1 16 9 56-91 20 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 10.3 11.3 g/kg 76 % 2.6 6.7 -16.7 17 2.8 7.4 -18.2 17 10 57-93 22 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5.1 g/kg 77 % 0.7 3.1 -6.1 17 0.7 3.4 -6.6 17 14 33-92 22 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.2 g/kg 76 % 1.2 3.3 -7.8 17 1.3 3.7 -8.4 17 10 61-95 22 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 10.3 11.3 g/kg 77 % 12 52-93 8 Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 5 g/kg 82 % 1 2.6 -6.4 16 1.1 2.9 -6.9 16 9 61-95 17 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 10.4 11.5 g/kg 78 % 2.1 7.5 -15 17 2.3 8.4 -17.3 17 9 56-94 22 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 15.4 17 g/kg 80 % 2.6 10.9 -20.6 17 2.8 12.2 -22.4 17 8 61-94 22 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 19.3 21.3 g/kg 80 % 4.3 13.7 -29.3 17 4.7 15.3 -33.8 17 8 64-95 22 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 19.1 21 g/kg 86 % 3.1 14.5 -26.6 17 3.4 16.2 -28.9 17 6 73-96 22 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 10 11 g/kg 84 % 3.4 7.8 -18.2 17 3.7 8.6 -20 17 8 67-96 21 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 29.1 32 g/kg 86 % 22.3 -36.9 3 24.9 -42.5 3 8 71-96 7 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 10.2 11.2 g/kg 83 % 2.6 7.2 -15.7 16 2.9 8 -17.1 16 8 60-96 21 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 43.3 47.8 g/kg 92 % 8.1 34.2 -62.6 17 8.9 38.2 -67.7 17 4 80-98 22 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 14.2 15.7 g/kg 77 % 3.3 8.4 -19.4 17 3.6 9.4 -21.1 17 10 58-96 22 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 32.4 35.7 g/kg 83 % 7.5 23.5 -50.3 17 8.3 26.3 -58 17 7 65-95 22 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 70.7 78 g/kg 88 % 12.5 57.3 -99.4 17 13.7 64.1 -108 17 5 76-96 22 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 13.9 15.3 g/kg 80 % 4.8 9.2 -22.7 14 5.3 10.3 -26.2 14 12 63-100 19 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 15 16.5 g/kg 82 % 3.7 10.7 -21.6 17 4.1 11.9 -24.8 17 8 67-95 20 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 13.2 14.5 g/kg 87 % 4.9 12.5 -25.7 12 5.4 13.7 -27.8 12 11 66-100 17 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.8 10.8 g/kg 58 % 1 Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.9 9.8 g/kg 66 % 1 Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 5.1 g/kg 77 % 1 Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 5.8 g/kg 71 % 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.9 10.9 g/kg 74 % 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.3 10.2 g/kg 69 % 1 Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.7 15.1 g/kg 71 % 1 Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.2 18.9 g/kg 71 % 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.7 19.5 g/kg 80 % 1 Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.2 10.2 g/kg 75 % 1 Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 40.4 44.6 g/kg 86 % 1 Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.9 14.2 g/kg 70 % 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 29.4 32.4 g/kg 75 % 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 66.9 73.8 g/kg 83 % 1 Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 12.1 13.4 g/kg 70 % 1 Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.3 14.7 g/kg 73 % 1 Gross energy (MJ) 18.5 20.5 MJ/kg - 1 16.4 -20.2 45 1 18.3 -22.2 51 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.1 1.3 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 64 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.01 1.11 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.98 1.08 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 134 148 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 181 200 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 191 211 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.98 1.08 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.95 1.04 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 152 167 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 197 217 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 175 193 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1730 1910 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1670 1840 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2680 2960 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.8 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 76.9 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 60 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.3 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 1.6 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 3.9 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.5 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.9 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.6 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.8 11.9 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.9 7.6 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.5 7.2 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 60 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.94 1.03 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.89 0.98 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 175 193 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 219 241 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 151 166 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.289 0.319 per kg - Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 4.3 4.7 g/kg 77 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.1 10.1 g/kg 77 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 26.8 29.6 g/kg 79 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 11.2 12.4 g/kg 74 % C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.07 0.07 g/kg 0.3 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.2 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 4.5 4.9 g/kg 39 % Available P cockerel 2.9 3.2 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2.9 3.2 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.93 1.03 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.88 0.97 per kg - DE growing pig (MJ) 13.6 15 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 12.3 13.6 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.4 8.2 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 14.2 15.7 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 12.8 14.1 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 7.8 8.6 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 8.7 9.6 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.6 9.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.9 12 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.8 14.2 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 11.2 12.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 12.9 14.3 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 931 1027 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 963 1063 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 198 218 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 171 188 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 4 4.4 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.4 1.5 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 64.9 71.5 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.31 3.65 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.7 1.87 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.6 1.77 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.84 2.03 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.24 1.37 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 38 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 43 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.6 7.3 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 275 304 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 24 27 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 1.7 1.9 % - 1 Vitamin A 0.5 0.5 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin C 24.6 27.1 mg/kg -