Dry matter 87.7 100 % - 1.6 82.6 -97.5 1006 2.6 Crude protein 2.5 2.9 % - 0.7 0.6 -6.1 479 0.8 0.7 -7 512 Crude fibre 3.8 4.3 % - 0.9 1.5 -8.2 876 1.1 1.8 -9.2 900 Crude fat 0.6 0.7 % - 0.3 0.2 -1.6 155 0.3 0.1 -1.9 187 Ash 3.9 4.5 % - 1.6 0.9 -8 703 1.9 1.1 -9.2 707 Insoluble ash 1.2 1.4 % - 1.3 0 -4.7 354 1.5 0 -5.4 283 NDF 7.8 8.9 % - 2.3 2.7 -11.7 26 2.7 3.1 -13.9 56 ADF 5.2 6 % - 1.7 1.6 -7.1 26 1.9 1.8 -8.9 53 Lignin 1.4 1.6 % - 0.8 0 -3.8 13 0.9 0 -4.2 42 Water insoluble cell walls 7.1 8.1 % - 1 Starch 68.7 78.3 % - 2.1 66 -70 828 2 71.3 -85 753 Total sugars 2.1 2.4 % - 0.9 0.4 -4.4 37 1 0.5 -5 41 Gross energy (kcal) 3510 4010 kcal/kg - 110 3340 -3920 22 100 3770 -4350 50 Calcium 1.6 1.8 g/kg - 0.8 0.2 -4.3 121 0.9 0.2 -5 128 Phosphorus 0.9 1.1 g/kg - 0.3 0.1 -1.8 111 0.4 0.2 -2 119 Phytate phosphorus 0.2 0.3 g/kg 25 % P 25-29 2 Magnesium 0.7 0.9 g/kg - 0.2 0.2 -1.4 58 0.3 0.2 -1.8 60 Potassium 8.8 10 g/kg - 3.2 2.9 -20.2 71 3.7 3.4 -21.8 69 Sodium 0.35 0.4 g/kg - 0.33 0.06 -0.85 18 0.38 0.07 -1.4 17 Chlorine 0.2 0.3 g/kg - 0.05 0.2 -0.5 13 0.06 0.2 -0.4 11 Sulfur 2.7 3.1 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 63 72 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 234 266 mEq/kg - Manganese 23 26 mg/kg - 9 20 -43 6 Zinc 32 36 mg/kg - 45 7 -116 5 Copper 4 4 mg/kg - 1 2 -6 6 Iron 146 166 mg/kg - 137 8 -351 6 Selenium 0.07 0.08 mg/kg - 1 Cobalt 0.04 0.05 mg/kg - 1 Molybdenum 0.05 0.06 mg/kg - Lysine 1 1.1 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 0.4 0.5 -2.1 17 0.5 0.6 -2.4 16 0.6 2.3-4.9 16 Threonine 0.8 0.9 g/kg 3 g/16g N 0.3 0.4 -1.2 4 0.3 0.5 -1.3 6 0.5 2.6-3.8 6 Methionine 0.4 0.5 g/kg 1.6 g/16g N 0.2 0.2 -0.7 7 0.2 0.1 -0.8 7 0.4 0.8-1.9 9 Cystine 0.5 0.5 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 0.2 -0.5 4 0.2 -0.6 4 0.4 0.8-1.9 6 Methionine + cystine 0.9 1 g/kg 3.4 g/16g N 0.4 -1.2 4 0.4 -1.3 4 0.9 1.7-3.8 6 Tryptophan 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.8 g/16g N 1 Isoleucine 0.8 0.9 g/kg 3 g/16g N 0.3 0.3 -1.2 6 0.4 0.3 -1.3 6 0.3 2.5-3.3 8 Valine 1.1 1.3 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 0.3 0.4 -1.2 5 0.4 0.5 -1.3 5 0.5 3.5-5.1 7 Leucine 1.3 1.5 g/kg 5.3 g/16g N 0.6 0.5 -2.2 6 0.7 0.6 -2.5 6 0.7 4.2-6.1 8 Phenylalanine 0.9 1 g/kg 3.5 g/16g N 0.4 0.3 -1.4 6 0.5 0.3 -1.6 6 0.5 2.3-3.9 8 Tyrosine 0.6 0.7 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N 0.5 1.6-2.7 5 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 1.5 1.7 g/kg 6 g/16g N 0.8 4.3-6.2 5 Histidine 1.1 1.2 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 0.5 0.3 -1.3 5 0.6 0.2 -1.5 5 1.5 1.3-4.9 7 Arginine 1 1.1 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 0.4 0.4 -1.6 6 0.5 -1.8 4 0.7 2.8-4.4 6 Alanine 1.3 1.4 g/kg 5 g/16g N 0.4 0.5 -1.8 7 0.5 0.6 -2 7 1 3.8-6.8 9 Aspartic acid 1.7 1.9 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N 0.7 0.7 -2.8 7 0.8 0.8 -3.1 7 0.8 5.7-7.9 9 Glutamic acid 2.9 3.3 g/kg 11.6 g/16g N 1.1 1.4 -4.8 7 1.3 1.6 -5.3 7 3.5 6.5-17.5 9 Glycine 0.8 1 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 0.3 0.4 -1.3 6 0.4 0.5 -1.4 6 0.4 3-4 8 Serine 0.8 0.9 g/kg 3.1 g/16g N 0.3 0.4 -1.3 7 0.4 0.4 -1.4 7 0.7 1.7-4.2 9 Proline 1.2 1.3 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N C12:0 lauric acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 3.9 % FA 1 0.2-7.6 2 C14:0 myristic acid 0.07 0.08 g/kg 1.5 % FA 1 0-3.3 3 C16:0 palmitic acid 1.6 1.8 g/kg 31.6 % FA 1 28.6-35.1 3 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.1 g/kg 2.4 % FA 1 0.7-4.1 2 C18:0 stearic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 2.8 % FA 1 2-3.7 3 C18:1 oleic acid 1.8 2 g/kg 35.9 % FA 1 33.2-37.5 3 C18:2 linoleic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 15.7 % FA 1 14.5-18.1 3 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 7.7 % FA 1 4.2-11 3 Fatty acids 0.5 0.6 % 80 % fat Vitamin B1 thiamin 1.7 1.9 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 1 1.2 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 3.1 3.5 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 1 1.2 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3140 3580 kcal/kg - 130 2980 -3270 9 130 3360 -3680 9 ME growing pig (kcal) 3090 3530 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 2480 2830 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3210 3660 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3140 3580 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2520 2870 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 89.4 % 2.2 84.6-91.3 9 OM digestibility growing pig - 89 % 1.3 89-92.6 8 N digestibility growing pig - 28.9 % 17.8 22.4-78.9 9 Crude fat digestibility pig - 0 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 91.3 % OM digestibility adult pig - 90.6 % N digestibility adult pig - 44.7 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 0.09 0.1 g/kg 10 % 1 AMEn cockerel (kcal) 3080 3510 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 3080 3510 kcal/kg - 230 2950 -3530 4 260 3200 -3780 5 Available P cockerel 0.2 0.3 g/kg 25 % P PDIA INRA 2007 10 11 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 18 20 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 63 72 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2500 2850 kcal/kg - 160 180 2740 -3090 5 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 83.4 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 87.8 % N digestibility ruminants - 32.9 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 41.9 % Absorbable P ruminants 0.5 0.5 g/kg 50 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 59 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 47 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 28 % 27-34 2 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.045 h-1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 84 % Immediately degradable starch (a) - 73 % Potentially degradable starch (b) - 27 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.04 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 89 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 76 % 1 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 23 % 1 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.08 h-1 1 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.4 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.1 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.3 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.7 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 85.2 % Energy digestibility horse - 81.8 % Horse Forage Unit 1.02 1.16 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 8 9 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2920 3330 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2890 3300 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 83.1 % N digestibility rabbit - 52.5 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.6 g/kg 53 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.4 g/kg 50 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.3 g/kg 56 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.2 0.3 g/kg 50 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.5 g/kg 53 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 0.1 0.1 g/kg 55 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 53 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.6 0.7 g/kg 53 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.8 g/kg 54 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.5 g/kg 54 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.3 0.4 g/kg 51 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 0.9 g/kg 53 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.6 g/kg 48 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.6 g/kg 51 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.7 0.8 g/kg 56 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 0.8 1 g/kg 50 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.7 g/kg 50 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.5 g/kg 51 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 0.4 0.4 g/kg 48 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 0.5 0.6 g/kg 47 % Gross energy (MJ) 14.7 16.8 MJ/kg - 0.5 14 -16.4 22 0.4 15.8 -18.2 50 Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.9 1 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.95 1.09 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.97 1.1 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 9 10 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 60 69 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 -78 -89 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.94 1.07 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.95 1.08 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 9 11 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 59 67 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 -76 -86 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1660 1890 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1670 1910 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2480 2820 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 86.4 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 56 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 78 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.5 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.2 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.5 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.8 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.4 11.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.9 7.9 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 7 8 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 83 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.91 1.04 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.91 1.04 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 10 12 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 58 66 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 -74 -84 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.072 0.082 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (with phytase) 0.1 0.2 g/kg 15 % Available P broiler 0.2 0.3 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.94 1.07 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.94 1.07 per kg - 1.07 -1.23 3 DE salmonids (kcal) 1590 1810 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 45.1 % N digestibility salmonids - 54.5 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 0.6 0.7 g/kg 64 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.6 g/kg 69 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 0.4 g/kg 82 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.3 0.4 g/kg 76 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 79 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.2 g/kg 84 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 0.2 0.3 g/kg 29 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 0.9 g/kg 74 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 75 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 0.5 0.6 g/kg 62 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 0.4 0.5 g/kg 66 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 64 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 0.8 0.9 g/kg 76 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 0.9 1 g/kg 91 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 1.1 1.2 g/kg 85 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 1.4 1.6 g/kg 85 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 2.6 3 g/kg 90 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 85 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 0.7 0.8 g/kg 86 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 1 1.1 g/kg 87 % DE growing pig (MJ) 13.2 15 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 12.9 14.8 MJ/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (MJ) 10.4 11.8 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 13.4 15.3 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 13.2 15 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 10.5 12 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 12.9 14.7 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 12.9 14.7 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.5 11.9 MJ/kg - 157 DE rabbit (MJ) 12.2 13.9 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 12.1 13.8 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 6.6 7.6 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 937 1068 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1029 1173 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 59 67 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 -78 -89 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.4 6.2 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.9 2.2 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 72 82.1 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.05 3.48 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.55 1.76 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.46 1.66 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.68 1.91 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.11 1.27 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 40 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 42 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.6 7.6 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 106 121 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -13 -15 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 65.8 75 % - 4 60.5 -75.6 19 4.4 67.9 -84.7 23 Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg -