Dry matter
88
100
%
-
2.5
83.3 -95.3
40
4.1
Crude protein
9.2
10.5
%
-
2.3
2.4 -12
44
2.6
2.5 -16.1
83
Crude fibre
2.1
2.4
%
-
1.3
1.3 -6
35
1.4
0.8 -6.4
52
Crude fat
2.5
2.8
%
-
1.5
0.1 -7.7
32
1.7
0.1 -8.9
67
Ash
1.6
1.9
%
-
0.9
0.4 -4.7
32
1
0.5 -5.4
50
Insoluble ash
0.8
1
%
-
0.8
0.04 -2.8
19
1
0.04 -3.2
19
NDF
6.6
7.5
%
-
2.9
2.8 -10.7
6
3.3
3 -12.2
7
ADF
2.5
2.9
%
-
1.1
0.8 -3.9
8
1.3
0.9 -4.4
9
Lignin
1
1.2
%
-
0.6
0.4 -1.8
5
0.6
0.4 -2
5
Starch
76.6
87.1
%
-
3.7
68.8 -79.4
9
3.4
80.3 -91.3
9
Total sugars
1
1.2
%
-
0.2 -1.8
4
0.3 -1.9
4
Gross energy (kcal)
3850
4380
kcal/kg
-
480
3630 -4690
5
530
4020 -5330
5
Calcium
0.4
0.5
g/kg
-
0.4
0.05 -1.8
26
0.4
0.06 -2
26
Phosphorus
3.1
3.6
g/kg
-
1.6
1.1 -6.7
27
1.8
1.3 -7.6
28
Phytate phosphorus
2.5
2.8
g/kg
80
% P
1
1
Magnesium
1.3
1.4
g/kg
-
0.7
0.4 -2.9
20
0.8
0.4 -3.4
20
Potassium
3.1
3.5
g/kg
-
1.6
1.1 -6.4
20
1.8
1.3 -7.3
20
Sodium
0.31
0.35
g/kg
-
Chlorine
0.2
0.3
g/kg
-
Sulfur
0.4
0.5
g/kg
-
Dietary cation-anion difference
61
69
mEq/kg
-
Electrolyte balance
87
99
mEq/kg
-
Manganese
26
29
mg/kg
-
1
Zinc
18
20
mg/kg
-
1
Copper
2
3
mg/kg
-
Iron
16
18
mg/kg
-
Selenium
0.2
0.2
mg/kg
-
Cobalt
2
2
mg/kg
-
Molybdenum
0.8
0.9
mg/kg
-
Iodine
0.02
0.03
mg/kg
-
Lysine
3.4
3.9
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
0.7
2.3 -3.7
6
0.7
2.7 -5.7
17
0.3
3.3-4.3
21
Threonine
3.4
3.8
g/kg
3.7
g/16g N
1
2.5 -5.8
17
0.4
3.2-4.8
21
Methionine
2.2
2.4
g/kg
2.3
g/16g N
0.5
1.4 -2.7
6
0.6
1.6 -3.9
17
0.4
1.6-3
21
Cystine
1.5
1.7
g/kg
1.6
g/16g N
0.5
0.9 -2
5
0.6
1 -2.7
16
0.6
1-2.6
20
Methionine + cystine
3.6
4.1
g/kg
3.9
g/16g N
0.6
3.2 -3.7
5
0.7
3.3 -5.4
16
0.6
3-5.2
20
Tryptophan
1.6
1.8
g/kg
1.8
g/16g N
0.7
1 -2.9
5
0.8
1 -3.4
10
0.7
1.1-3.6
14
Isoleucine
4.2
4.7
g/kg
4.5
g/16g N
1.1
2.2 -5.7
6
1.2
2.5 -6.7
17
0.9
3.2-6.6
21
Valine
5.4
6.1
g/kg
5.9
g/16g N
1.3
3.8 -8.1
17
0.5
4.4-6.2
21
Leucine
7.3
8.4
g/kg
8
g/16g N
2
5.2 -11.5
17
1
5.5-10.1
21
Phenylalanine
4.8
5.5
g/kg
5.2
g/16g N
1.3
3.5 -8.3
17
0.4
4.3-6.3
21
Tyrosine
3.9
4.4
g/kg
4.3
g/16g N
1.1
2.1 -4.7
6
1.3
1.8 -6.9
17
1.1
2.4-5.6
21
Phenylalanine + tyrosine
8.7
9.9
g/kg
9.5
g/16g N
2.1
5.3 -9.4
6
2.3
5.7 -13.6
17
1.3
6.7-11.1
21
Histidine
2.1
2.4
g/kg
2.3
g/16g N
0.5
1.6 -3.6
17
0.1
2.1-2.7
21
Arginine
7.4
8.4
g/kg
8.1
g/16g N
1.9
5.7 -11.8
17
1.1
4.7-9
21
Alanine
5.2
6
g/kg
5.7
g/16g N
1.5
3.6 -8.8
17
0.6
4.1-6.7
20
Aspartic acid
8.8
10
g/kg
9.6
g/16g N
3.2
6.5 -17.4
17
1.4
6.6-13.2
20
Glutamic acid
17
19.4
g/kg
18.5
g/16g N
4.8
10.7 -20.2
6
5.4
12 -28.6
17
2.2
15.1-21.8
20
Glycine
4.2
4.8
g/kg
4.6
g/16g N
1.2
3.5 -7.6
17
0.4
3.9-5.8
21
Serine
4.6
5.2
g/kg
5
g/16g N
1.2
3.7 -8.1
17
0.5
4.1-6.1
20
Proline
4.3
4.9
g/kg
4.7
g/16g N
1.1
2.3 -7.9
6
1.2
2.7 -7.2
17
1.2
3.5-8.1
20
C12:0 lauric acid
0.01
0.01
g/kg
0.04
% FA
0.02-0.06
4
C14:0 myristic acid
0.08
0.09
g/kg
0.4
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
8
C16:0 palmitic acid
4.2
4.7
g/kg
18.8
% FA
2.6
14.7-23.9
40
C16:1 palmitoleic acid
0.04
0.04
g/kg
0.2
% FA
0.1
0-0.3
6
C18:0 stearic acid
0.5
0.5
g/kg
2.1
% FA
0.5
0.9-3.7
40
C18:1 oleic acid
8.8
10.1
g/kg
39.9
% FA
3.3
28.9-45
40
C18:2 linoleic acid
7.9
9
g/kg
35.8
% FA
3.5
30-41
41
C18:3 linolenic acid
0.3
0.4
g/kg
1.5
% FA
0.5
1-3.7
40
C20:0 arachidic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.3
0-0.9
7
Fatty acids
2.2
2.5
%
90
% fat
Vitamin E
8.6
9.8
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B1 thiamin
5.3
6.1
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B2 riboflavin
2.5
2.8
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B6 pyridoxine
3.9
4.5
mg/kg
-
Vitamin B12
0
0
µg/kg
-
Niacin
50.2
57
mg/kg
-
Pantothenic acid
16.1
18.2
mg/kg
-
Folic acid
0.3
0.3
mg/kg
-
Biotin
0.1
0.1
mg/kg
-
Vitamin C
0
0
mg/kg
-
DE growing pig (kcal)
3550
4040
kcal/kg
-
ME growing pig (kcal)
3460
3940
kcal/kg
-
NE growing pig (kcal)
2860
3250
kcal/kg
-
DE adult pig (kcal)
3560
4050
kcal/kg
-
ME adult pig (kcal)
3470
3940
kcal/kg
-
NE adult pig (kcal)
2840
3220
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility growing pig
-
92.1
%
OM digestibility growing pig
-
98
%
N digestibility growing pig
-
86.8
%
Crude fat digestibility pig
-
51.6
%
Energy digestibility adult pig
-
92.4
%
OM digestibility adult pig
-
98.3
%
N digestibility adult pig
-
87.6
%
Digestible P pig (no phytase)
0.4
0.4
g/kg
12
%
AMEn cockerel (kcal)
3660
4170
kcal/kg
-
AMEn broiler (kcal)
3590
4090
kcal/kg
-
PDIA INRA 2007
25
29
g/kg
-
PDIN INRA 2007
61
69
g/kg
-
PDIE INRA 2007
65
74
g/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal)
2780
3160
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
85.8
%
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007
-
88.5
%
N digestibility ruminants
-
68
%
N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants
-
85
%
Fatty acids digestibility ruminants
-
70.9
%
Absorbable P ruminants
2.3
2.7
g/kg
75
% P
N degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
71
%
1
Immediately degradable N (a)
-
45
%
1
Potentially degradable N (b)
-
40
%
1
Degradation rate of particles N (c)
-
0.11
h-1
1
Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06)
-
67
%
1
Immediately degradable starch (a)
-
26
%
1
Potentially degradable starch (b)
-
74
%
1
Degradation rate of particles starch (c)
-
0.075
h-1
1
DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06)
-
65
%
12-71
2
Lysine ruminants INRA 2007
-
6.6
% PDIE
Threonine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5
% PDIE
Methionine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2.1
% PDIE
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.3
% PDIE
Valine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.9
% PDIE
Leucine ruminants INRA 2007
-
8.3
% PDIE
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
Histidine ruminants INRA 2007
-
2
% PDIE
Arginine ruminants INRA 2007
-
5.2
% PDIE
OM digestibility horse
-
96.8
%
Energy digestibility horse
-
92.9
%
Horse Forage Unit
1.23
1.4
per kg
-
Digestible crude protein horse
65
73
g/kg
-
DE rabbit (kcal)
3230
3670
kcal/kg
-
ME rabbit (kcal)
3130
3560
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility rabbit
-
83.7
%
N digestibility rabbit
-
72.3
%
Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.1
3.5
g/kg
91
%
Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.1
3.6
g/kg
93
%
Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.9
2.2
g/kg
90
%
Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.2
1.4
g/kg
84
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.2
3.6
g/kg
88
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry
1.4
1.6
g/kg
89
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry
4
4.5
g/kg
95
%
Valine, ileal standardized, poultry
5
5.7
g/kg
93
%
Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.8
7.8
g/kg
93
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.4
5
g/kg
91
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.6
4.1
g/kg
92
%
Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry
8
9.1
g/kg
91
%
Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry
1.9
2.2
g/kg
90
%
Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry
6.9
7.8
g/kg
93
%
Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.9
5.6
g/kg
94
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
8.2
9.3
g/kg
93
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry
15.5
17.6
g/kg
91
%
Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry
3.9
4.5
g/kg
93
%
Serine, ileal standardized, poultry
4.2
4.8
g/kg
92
%
Proline, ileal standardized, poultry
3.5
3.9
g/kg
80
%
Gross energy (MJ)
16.1
18.3
MJ/kg
-
2
15.2 -19.6
5
2.2
16.8 -22.3
5
Absorbable Ca ruminants
0.2
0.3
g/kg
55
% Ca
NDF digestibility ruminants
-
57
%
UFL FL1 INRA 2018
1.08
1.23
per kg
-
UFV FL1 INRA 2018
1.1
1.25
per kg
-
PDIA FL1 INRA 2018
22
25
g/kg
-
PDI FL1 INRA 2018
71
81
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018
-23
-26
g/kg
-
UFL INRA 2018
1.06
1.21
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2018
1.08
1.23
per kg
-
PDIA INRA 2018
25
28
g/kg
-
PDI INRA 2018
71
80
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance INRA 2018
-21
-24
g/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1870
2120
kcal/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
1900
2160
kcal/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal)
2780
3160
kcal/kg
-
OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
87.2
%
Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018
-
84.4
%
N degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
69
%
Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
68
%
Lysine ruminants INRA 2018
-
6.6
% PDI
Threonine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5
% PDI
Methionine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.3
% PDI
Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Valine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.8
% PDI
Leucine ruminants INRA 2018
-
8.4
% PDI
Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.2
% PDI
Histidine ruminants INRA 2018
-
2.1
% PDI
Arginine ruminants INRA 2018
-
5.3
% PDI
ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
12.2
13.7
MJ/kg
-
NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8.3
9.3
MJ/kg
-
NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ)
8.5
9.6
MJ/kg
-
DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018
-
62
%
UFL FL4 INRA 2018
1.03
1.17
per kg
-
UFV FL4 INRA 2018
1.04
1.18
per kg
-
PDIA FL4 INRA 2018
28
32
g/kg
-
PDI FL4 INRA 2018
72
82
g/kg
-
Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018
-22
-25
g/kg
-
Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018
0.238
0.271
per kg
-
Water insoluble cell walls
5.8
6.6
%
-
1
1
C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C18:4 stearidonic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C20:1 eicosenoic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.6
% FA
0.5-0.7
2
C20:4 arachidonic acid
0.1
0.1
g/kg
0.5
% FA
0.03-0.7
3
C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:0 behenic acid
0.06
0.06
g/kg
0.3
% FA
0.1-0.4
3
C22:1 erucic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid
0.07
0.08
g/kg
0.3
% FA
1
C24:0 lignoceric acid
0
0
g/kg
0
% FA
1
Digestible P pig (with phytase)
0.6
0.6
g/kg
18
%
Available P cockerel
0.8
0.9
g/kg
25
% P
Available P broiler
0.8
0.9
g/kg
25
% P
UFL INRA 2007
1.05
1.19
per kg
-
UFV INRA 2007
1.05
1.2
per kg
-
DE salmonids (kcal)
1970
2240
kcal/kg
-
Energy digestibility, salmonids
-
51.1
%
N digestibility salmonids
-
79.9
%
Lysine, ileal standardised, pig
3
3.4
g/kg
86
%
Threonine, ileal standardised, pig
2.8
3.2
g/kg
84
%
Methionine, ileal standardised, pig
1.9
2.2
g/kg
89
%
Cystine, ileal standardised, pig
1.2
1.4
g/kg
85
%
Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig
3.2
3.6
g/kg
87
%
Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig
1.4
1.6
g/kg
85
%
Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig
3.6
4.1
g/kg
86
%
Valine, ileal standardised, pig
4.6
5.3
g/kg
86
%
Leucine, ileal standardised, pig
6.5
7.4
g/kg
88
%
Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig
4.3
4.8
g/kg
89
%
Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
3.4
3.9
g/kg
88
%
Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig
7.7
8.8
g/kg
88
%
Histidine, ileal standardised, pig
1.9
2.1
g/kg
88
%
Arginine, ileal standardised, pig
6.8
7.7
g/kg
92
%
Alanine, ileal standardised, pig
4.5
5.1
g/kg
85
%
Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig
7.5
8.6
g/kg
86
%
Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig
15.4
17.5
g/kg
90
%
Glycine, ileal standardised, pig
3.7
4.2
g/kg
86
%
Serine, ileal standardised, pig
4
4.5
g/kg
87
%
Proline, ileal standardised, pig
3.8
4.3
g/kg
87
%
DE growing pig (MJ)
14.9
16.9
MJ/kg
-
ME growing pig (MJ)
14.5
16.5
MJ/kg
-
NE growing pig (MJ)
12
13.6
MJ/kg
-
DE adult pig (MJ)
14.9
16.9
MJ/kg
-
ME adult pig (MJ)
14.5
16.5
MJ/kg
-
NE adult pig (MJ)
11.9
13.5
MJ/kg
-
AMEn cockerel (MJ)
15.3
17.4
MJ/kg
-
AMEn broiler (MJ)
15
17.1
MJ/kg
-
ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ)
11.6
13.2
MJ/kg
-
DE rabbit (MJ)
13.5
15.3
MJ/kg
-
ME rabbit (MJ)
13.1
14.9
MJ/kg
-
DE salmonids (MJ)
8.2
9.4
MJ/kg
-
VEM CVB 2018
1046
1189
per kg
-
VEVI CVB 2018
1153
1310
per kg
-
DVE CVB 1991
62
70
g/kg
-
OEB CVB 1991
-7
-8
g/kg
-
DVLYS CVB 1991
4
4.5
g/kg
-
DVMET CVB 1991
1.6
1.8
g/kg
-
TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001
78
88.6
%
-
DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001
3.4
3.86
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.77
2.01
Mcal/kg
-
NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001
1.67
1.9
Mcal/kg
-
NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.91
2.17
Mcal/kg
-
NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001
1.31
1.49
Mcal/kg
-
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
28
%
Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001
-
31
%
EN Lactation ruminants GfE
7.4
8.4
MJ/kg
-
nxP ruminants GfE
143
163
g/kg
-
RNB ruminants GfE
-8
-9
g/kg
-
Starch, enzymatic method
75.7
86.1
%
-
Vitamin D
0
0
1000 IU/kg
-
Vitamin K
0.02
0.02
mg/kg
-