Dry matter 94.8 100 % - 1.5 90.8 -96.8 54 2.3 Crude protein 34.1 36 % - 2.2 21.2 -37.4 65 2.2 28.1 -39.7 57 Crude fibre 0 0 % - 0 -1.1 3 Ash 8.1 8.5 % - 0.4 7.4 -9.8 28 0.4 7.9 -10.3 30 NDF 0 0 % - ADF 0 0 % - Lignin 0 0 % - 1 Starch 0 0 % - Lactose 47.9 50.5 % - Gross energy (kcal) 4150 4370 kcal/kg - 100 4070 -4350 3 80 4330 -4550 5 Calcium 11.3 11.9 g/kg - 2.3 11 -18.5 22 2.4 11.4 -20 23 Phosphorus 9 9.4 g/kg - 0.7 8 -11 22 0.7 8.3 -11.8 23 Magnesium 1.1 1.2 g/kg - Potassium 15.6 16.5 g/kg - Sodium 4.06 4.28 g/kg - 0.2 3.86 -4.38 8 0.2 4.02 -4.55 8 Chlorine 9.4 9.9 g/kg - Sulfur 3 3.2 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 121 128 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 311 329 mEq/kg - Manganese 2 2 mg/kg - Zinc 43 45 mg/kg - 44 -55 2 Copper 3 3 mg/kg - Iron 7 7 mg/kg - Selenium 0.1 0.1 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.01 0.01 mg/kg - Molybdenum 0.2 0.3 mg/kg - Iodine 0.8 0.9 mg/kg - Lysine 26.9 28.3 g/kg 7.9 g/16g N 2.6 17.4 -31.6 39 2.7 22.2 -31.9 31 0.6 6-9.1 41 Threonine 14.9 15.7 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 1.4 9.4 -24 39 1.5 11.5 -19.4 31 0.6 3.7-6.9 41 Methionine 9.7 10.2 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 1.3 4.1 -11.6 39 1.3 7.1 -12.2 31 0.5 1.2-3.2 41 Cystine 2.7 2.8 g/kg 0.8 g/16g N 0.3 1.7 -7.8 38 0.3 1.9 -3.7 29 0.3 0.7-2.2 39 Methionine + cystine 12.3 13 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 1.5 7 -15 39 1.5 9 -15.8 30 0.4 2.6-4 40 Tryptophan 4.5 4.7 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N 0.3 3 -6.3 33 0.3 4.1 -5.4 21 0.1 1.1-1.8 33 Isoleucine 18.6 19.6 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 1.7 11.2 -21.3 39 1.8 14.3 -23.5 31 0.4 4.5-6.4 41 Valine 21.1 22.2 g/kg 6.2 g/16g N 2.1 13.7 -25 39 2.1 16 -26.4 31 0.5 4.7-7.3 41 Leucine 32 33.7 g/kg 9.4 g/16g N 2.7 21.3 -36.5 39 2.8 25.2 -38.2 31 0.6 7.6-10.6 41 Phenylalanine 16.4 17.3 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N 1.4 10.6 -19.4 39 1.5 13.2 -20.3 31 0.4 3.3-5.3 41 Tyrosine 14.5 15.3 g/kg 4.2 g/16g N 2.4 10.5 -20 31 2.5 11.9 -22 28 0.5 3.6-5.6 32 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 30.9 32.6 g/kg 9.1 g/16g N 3.4 21.1 -35.9 31 3.5 26.2 -39.5 28 0.6 8-10.6 32 Histidine 9.4 9.9 g/kg 2.8 g/16g N 0.9 5.9 -10.9 37 1 7.9 -12 29 0.3 1.8-3.1 39 Arginine 12.5 13.2 g/kg 3.7 g/16g N 1.5 7.5 -26 39 1.5 9.5 -17.1 31 0.8 2.4-7 41 Alanine 11.3 11.9 g/kg 3.3 g/16g N 1.3 7.1 -17.5 38 1.4 8.5 -15.5 30 0.5 2.8-5 39 Aspartic acid 26.2 27.6 g/kg 7.7 g/16g N 2.7 16.5 -41.1 38 2.8 19.2 -35.1 30 1 6.8-11 39 Glutamic acid 70.4 74.3 g/kg 20.6 g/16g N 7.1 45.3 -82.7 38 7.4 55.4 -91.1 30 1.6 16.5-23.8 39 Glycine 6.6 7 g/kg 1.9 g/16g N 0.8 4.2 -15.6 35 0.9 5 -9.5 27 0.5 1.8-4.2 36 Serine 18.6 19.6 g/kg 5.4 g/16g N 1.8 11.9 -22.5 38 1.9 15 -24.8 30 0.3 4.7-6.5 39 Proline 32.9 34.7 g/kg 9.6 g/16g N 2.3 16.2 -36.7 14 2.3 33.8 -40.4 6 2.1 4.6-10.5 15 C12:0 lauric acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 3 % FA 0.3 2.5-3.3 7 C14:0 myristic acid 1.6 1.6 g/kg 10.7 % FA 0.9 9.5-11.6 7 C16:0 palmitic acid 4.2 4.5 g/kg 29.1 % FA 2.1 26.5-31.1 7 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 1.4 % FA 0.6 0.1-2 7 C18:0 stearic acid 1.6 1.7 g/kg 11.2 % FA 2.3 9-14.2 7 C18:1 oleic acid 3.8 4 g/kg 26.1 % FA 1.5 24.5-28.2 7 C18:2 linoleic acid 0.4 0.4 g/kg 2.9 % FA 0.6 1.7-3.3 7 C18:3 linolenic acid 0.09 0.09 g/kg 0.6 % FA 0.1 0.5-0.7 7 Fatty acids 1.5 1.5 % 95 % fat Vitamin A 0.3 0.3 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0.01 0.01 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 0.3 0.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 4.3 4.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 15 15.8 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 4.2 4.4 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 40.2 42.42 µg/kg - Niacin 9.1 9.6 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 35 36.9 mg/kg - Folic acid 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Biotin 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Vitamin C 61 64.4 mg/kg - Choline 1375 1451 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 3990 4210 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 3760 3970 kcal/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (kcal) 2730 2880 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 3990 4210 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 3750 3960 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 2730 2880 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 96.3 % 95.6-97.2 2 OM digestibility growing pig - 97.7 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 95 % 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 89 % 1 Crude fat digestibility pig - 88 % 1 Energy digestibility adult pig - 96.3 % OM digestibility adult pig - 97.7 % N digestibility adult pig - 95 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 8.1 8.5 g/kg 90 % 1 AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2490 2620 kcal/kg - 1 AMEn broiler (kcal) 2490 2620 kcal/kg - 1 PDIA INRA 2007 20 21 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 204 215 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 93 98 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3050 3210 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 93.4 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 95 % N digestibility ruminants - 79.6 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 95 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 65.6 % Absorbable P ruminants 7.4 7.8 g/kg 83 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 0 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 95 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.2 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.5 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.9 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8.4 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.5 % PDIE DE salmonids (kcal) 3810 4020 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 92 % N digestibility salmonids - 95 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 26 27.4 g/kg 97 % 1 1 1 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 13.5 14.3 g/kg 91 % 1 1 1 Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 9.4 9.9 g/kg 97 % 1 1 1 Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.4 g/kg 84 % 1 1 1 Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 11.6 12.2 g/kg 94 % 1 1 1 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 16.4 17.3 g/kg 88 % 1 1 1 Valine, ileal standardised, pig 18.8 19.8 g/kg 89 % 1 1 1 Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 30.8 32.5 g/kg 96 % 1 1 1 Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 16 16.9 g/kg 98 % 1 1 1 Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 14.1 14.8 g/kg 97 % 1 1 1 Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 30.1 31.8 g/kg 97 % 1 1 1 Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 9 9.4 g/kg 95 % 1 1 1 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 12 12.7 g/kg 96 % 1 1 1 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 10.1 10.6 g/kg 89 % 1 1 1 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 24.3 25.6 g/kg 93 % 1 1 1 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 61.5 64.9 g/kg 87 % 1 1 1 Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 5.8 g/kg 83 % 1 1 1 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 14.6 15.4 g/kg 79 % 1 1 1 Proline, ileal standardised, pig 31.5 33.3 g/kg 96 % 1 1 1 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 26.6 28.1 g/kg 99 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.7 14.5 g/kg 92 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 9.7 10.2 g/kg 100 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.3 2.5 g/kg 88 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 12 12.7 g/kg 97 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 4.2 4.4 g/kg 94 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 17.1 18 g/kg 92 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 19.4 20.4 g/kg 92 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 30.7 32.4 g/kg 96 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 15.9 16.8 g/kg 97 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 13.9 14.7 g/kg 96 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 29.8 31.5 g/kg 97 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.9 9.4 g/kg 95 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 11.9 12.5 g/kg 95 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 10.8 11.3 g/kg 95 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 24.3 25.7 g/kg 93 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 63.3 66.8 g/kg 90 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.3 6.7 g/kg 96 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 16 16.8 g/kg 86 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 30.6 32.3 g/kg 93 % Gross energy (MJ) 17.4 18.3 MJ/kg - 0.4 17 -18.2 3 0.4 18.1 -19 5 Absorbable Ca ruminants 6.2 6.6 g/kg 55 % Ca UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.22 1.28 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.26 1.33 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 34 36 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 95 100 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 197 207 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.2 1.27 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.23 1.3 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 42 44 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 101 107 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 191 201 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2110 2230 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2170 2290 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 3110 3280 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 93.6 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 91.6 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 87 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 0 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 7.7 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.4 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.8 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8.7 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.4 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 13 13.7 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 8.8 9.3 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 9.1 9.6 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 89 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.16 1.22 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.18 1.25 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 55 58 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 113 120 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 179 188 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.036 0.038 per kg - Crude fat 1.5 1.6 % - 1.1 0.2 -3.5 8 1.2 0.2 -3.8 9 Insoluble ash 0 0 % - Water insoluble cell walls 0 0 % - Total sugars 47.9 50.5 % - 1 Phytate phosphorus 0 0 g/kg 0 % P C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0.8 0.9 g/kg 5.8 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0 7 C20:0 arachidic acid 0.02 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0.05 0.1-0.2 7 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.06 % FA 0.05 0-0.1 7 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0 0.1-0.1 7 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0.03 % FA 0.05 0-0.1 7 C22:0 behenic acid 0.01 0.01 g/kg 0.07 % FA 0.05 0-0.1 7 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0 7 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0.01 0.02 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0 0.1-0.1 7 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 0 0-0 7 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0.03 % FA 0.05 0-0.1 7 Digestible P pig (with phytase) 8.1 8.5 g/kg 90 % Available P cockerel 7.6 8 g/kg 85 % P Available P broiler 7.6 8 g/kg 85 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.15 1.22 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.17 1.23 per kg - Immediately degradable N (a) - 90 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 10 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.05 h-1 DE rabbit (kcal) 3580 3780 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 3250 3430 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 86.3 % N digestibility rabbit - 80.3 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 4.3 4.6 g/kg 97 % 1 DE growing pig (MJ) 16.7 17.6 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 15.7 16.6 MJ/kg - 1 1 NE growing pig (MJ) 11.4 12.1 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 16.7 17.6 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 15.7 16.6 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 11.4 12 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 10.4 11 MJ/kg - 1 AMEn broiler (MJ) 10.4 11 MJ/kg - 1 ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 12.8 13.5 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 15 15.8 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 13.6 14.3 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 16 16.8 MJ/kg - NDF digestibility ruminants - 0 % VEM CVB 2018 1153 1216 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1277 1347 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 90 95 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 202 213 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 5.9 6.3 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 2 2.1 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 79.1 83.4 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3.86 4.08 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.04 2.15 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.93 2.03 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.19 2.31 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.52 1.61 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 5 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 6 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 8.2 8.6 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 167 176 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 28 29 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0 0 % - Vitamin K 0.01 0.01 mg/kg -