Dry matter 87.1 100 % - 1 84.2 -90.7 901 1.6 Crude protein 15.7 18 % - 1.4 13.5 -19.8 103 1.6 15.6 -22.1 97 Crude fibre 7 8 % - 1.6 1.3 -11.7 757 1.9 1.5 -13.3 736 Crude fat 4.2 4.8 % - 0.6 1.4 -7.9 430 0.7 1.5 -9 422 Ash 3.9 4.5 % - 0.5 2.1 -6.2 389 0.6 2.4 -7.2 379 NDF 30.9 35.5 % - ADF 9 10.4 % - Lignin 2.6 3 % - 0.3 1.7 -2.7 9 0.4 1.9 -3.1 8 Water insoluble cell walls 30.2 34.7 % - Starch 31.2 35.8 % - 7.4 18.1 -60.3 851 8.5 20.8 -68.8 839 Total sugars 6.3 7.2 % - 2 5 -10.2 7 2.3 5.8 -11.6 7 Gross energy (kcal) 4010 4610 kcal/kg - Calcium 1.1 1.2 g/kg - 0.5 0.4 -2.3 18 0.6 0.4 -2.6 12 Phosphorus 8 9.1 g/kg - 0.7 5.7 -8.1 17 Phytate phosphorus 6.4 7.3 g/kg 80 % P 78-80 3 Potassium 10 11.4 g/kg - Sodium 0.07 0.08 g/kg - 0.05 0.03 -0.19 7 0.06 0.03 -0.21 7 Chlorine 0.8 0.9 g/kg - 1 1 Electrolyte balance 238 273 mEq/kg - Manganese 102 117 mg/kg - 1 1 Lysine 6.3 7.2 g/kg 4 g/16g N Threonine 5.1 5.8 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N 4.6 -5.4 2 5.3 -6.2 2 3-3.2 2 Methionine 2.4 2.8 g/kg 1.5 g/16g N 2.4 -3.5 2 Cystine 3.2 3.6 g/kg 2 g/16g N 3 -3.8 2 3.5 -4.3 2 2-2.3 2 Methionine + cystine 5.6 6.4 g/kg 3.6 g/16g N 5.4 -7.3 2 6.2 -8.3 2 3.5-4.4 2 Tryptophan 2.1 2.4 g/kg 1.3 g/16g N Isoleucine 5 5.8 g/kg 3.2 g/16g N Valine 7.1 8.1 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N Leucine 9.5 10.9 g/kg 6.1 g/16g N Phenylalanine 6.2 7.1 g/kg 4 g/16g N Tyrosine 4.1 4.7 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N Phenylalanine + tyrosine 10.3 11.8 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N Histidine 4.2 4.8 g/kg 2.6 g/16g N Arginine 10.1 11.6 g/kg 6.4 g/16g N Alanine 7 8 g/kg 4.5 g/16g N Aspartic acid 10.4 12 g/kg 6.6 g/16g N Glutamic acid 31.6 36.3 g/kg 20.2 g/16g N Glycine 7.6 8.7 g/kg 4.8 g/16g N Serine 6.7 7.7 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 6.3 -7.6 2 7.3 -8.7 2 4.1-4.5 2 Proline 10.4 12 g/kg 6.7 g/16g N C14:0 myristic acid 0.05 0.05 g/kg 0.1 % FA 0-0.3 4 C16:0 palmitic acid 6 6.8 g/kg 17.8 % FA 0.9 15.5-18.3 9 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.1 0.2 g/kg 0.4 % FA C18:0 stearic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.8 % FA 0.07 0.7-0.9 8 C18:1 oleic acid 5.1 5.8 g/kg 15.2 % FA 2.7 11.3-20.4 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 18.9 21.7 g/kg 56.4 % FA C18:3 linolenic acid 2 2.3 g/kg 5.9 % FA 1 5.4-8.5 9 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.4 0.5 g/kg 1.3 % FA 1 Fatty acids 3.3 3.8 % 80 % fat Viscosity, real applied - 2 mL/g DE growing pig (kcal) 2660 3060 kcal/kg - ME growing pig (kcal) 2550 2920 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 1880 2160 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 2840 3260 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 2700 3100 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 1980 2270 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 66.4 % OM digestibility growing pig - 69.7 % N digestibility growing pig - 70.7 % Crude fat digestibility pig - 52.6 % Energy digestibility adult pig - 70.9 % OM digestibility adult pig - 74 % N digestibility adult pig - 77.6 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 4 4.6 g/kg 50 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 2060 2370 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 1980 2270 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 35 41 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 102 117 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 83 96 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 2400 2760 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 73.2 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 74.9 % N digestibility ruminants - 68.7 % N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 85 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 73.8 % Absorbable P ruminants 6 6.9 g/kg 75 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 76 % Immediately degradable N (a) - 35 % 32-56 2 Potentially degradable N (b) - 57 % 39-83 3 Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.155 h-1 0.134-0.182 3 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 89 % Degradation rate of particles starch (c) - 0.235 h-1 DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 64 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 1.9 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 8 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 4.9 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 75.4 % Energy digestibility horse - 72.6 % Horse Forage Unit 0.88 1.02 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 112 128 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 2910 3340 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 2790 3200 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 72.5 % N digestibility rabbit - 60.2 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.7 5.4 g/kg 75 % 4 -4.9 2 4.6 -5.6 2 Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 3.7 4.2 g/kg 72 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 2 2.3 g/kg 82 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.5 2.8 g/kg 78 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 4.4 5.1 g/kg 79 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 80 % 1.4 -1.7 2 1.6 -1.9 2 Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 4 4.6 g/kg 80 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.3 g/kg 78 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.7 8.9 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 6 g/kg 84 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3.4 3.9 g/kg 84 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.9 g/kg 84 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.5 4 g/kg 84 % 3 -3.8 2 3.5 -4.3 2 Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 8.8 10.1 g/kg 88 % 8.5 -9.5 2 9.8 -10.8 2 Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.8 g/kg 72 % 4.9 -5.9 2 5.7 -6.7 2 Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 8 9.1 g/kg 76 % 7.3 -8.7 2 8.4 -9.9 2 Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 28.3 32.5 g/kg 89 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6.3 g/kg 73 % 5.4 -6.3 2 6.2 -7.2 2 Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.4 6.2 g/kg 80 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 10.1 11.6 g/kg 97 % 95-99 2 Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.9 5.6 g/kg 78 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.8 4.3 g/kg 75 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2 2.3 g/kg 83 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.5 2.8 g/kg 78 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 5.1 g/kg 80 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.7 1.9 g/kg 80 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.7 g/kg 82 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.6 6.4 g/kg 79 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.7 8.8 g/kg 81 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.1 5.8 g/kg 82 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.1 3.5 g/kg 76 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.2 9.4 g/kg 79 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 3.2 3.7 g/kg 77 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.1 9.3 g/kg 80 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.4 6.2 g/kg 77 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8 9.2 g/kg 77 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 28.2 32.4 g/kg 89 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.8 6.6 g/kg 76 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.3 6.1 g/kg 79 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 8.7 9.9 g/kg 83 % Gross energy (MJ) 16.8 19.3 MJ/kg - Absorbable Ca ruminants 0.6 0.7 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 68 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 0.9 1.04 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 0.87 1 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 29 33 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 76 88 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 36 42 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 0.88 1.01 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 0.85 0.97 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 33 38 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 79 91 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 33 38 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1550 1780 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 1490 1710 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2410 2770 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 73.5 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 71.8 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 75 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 86 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.6 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.7 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.5 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 4.9 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.3 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 10.3 11.8 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.7 7.7 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 6.5 7.4 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 62 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 0.84 0.97 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 0.8 0.92 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 40 46 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 85 98 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 27 31 g/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.252 0.289 per kg - Insoluble ash 0.08 0.09 % - Magnesium 3.5 4 g/kg - Sulfur 1.7 1.9 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 132 151 mEq/kg - Zinc 88 101 mg/kg - Copper 13 14 mg/kg - Iron 146 167 mg/kg - Selenium 0.2 0.2 mg/kg - Cobalt 0.07 0.08 mg/kg - Molybdenum 0.9 1 mg/kg - Iodine 0.09 0.1 mg/kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.03 0.03 g/kg 0.08 % FA C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 0.07 0.08 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-1.9 3 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:0 behenic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:1 erucic acid 0.2 0.2 g/kg 0.5 % FA C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C24:0 lignoceric acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA Digestible P pig (no phytase) 2 2.3 g/kg 25 % Available P cockerel 2 2.3 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 2 2.3 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 0.86 0.99 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 0.82 0.94 per kg - Immediately degradable DM (a) - 44 % 15 27-74 6 Potentially degradable DM (b) - 38 % 8 21-46 6 Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.065 h-1 0.052 0.004-0.145 6 DE salmonids (kcal) 1790 2050 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 44.6 % 36-45.3 4 N digestibility salmonids - 89.3 % 68-92 4 DE growing pig (MJ) 11.1 12.8 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 10.7 12.2 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 7.9 9 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 11.9 13.7 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 11.3 13 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 8.3 9.5 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 8.6 9.9 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 8.3 9.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 10.1 11.6 MJ/kg - DE rabbit (MJ) 12.2 14 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 11.7 13.4 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 7.5 8.6 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 863 991 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 899 1032 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 68 78 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 38 44 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 3.7 4.3 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 1.3 1.5 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 66.4 76.2 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 3 3.44 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.53 1.75 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 1.44 1.65 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.64 1.88 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 1.08 1.25 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 22 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 26 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 6.1 7 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 142 163 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE 2 3 g/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 27.1 31.1 % - Vitamin A 0.09 0.1 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 14.8 17 mg/kg - Vitamin K 0.5 0.5 mg/kg - Vitamin B1 thiamin 7.6 8.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 4 4.6 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 9.8 11.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Niacin 192 221 mg/kg - Pantothenic acid 28.1 32.3 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Biotin 0.3 0.4 mg/kg - Vitamin C 0 0 mg/kg - Choline 746 856 mg/kg - Phytase activity 2560 2940 IU/kg -