Dry matter 92.8 100 % - 1 89.5 -95.8 221 1.5 Crude protein 14.8 16 % - 1.2 12.1 -20.9 291 1.3 12.9 -22.3 201 Crude fibre 15.9 17.1 % - 1.8 11.2 -25.6 464 1.9 11.9 -22.6 397 Crude fat 44.5 48 % - 2.4 37.7 -50 391 2.5 41 -53.7 331 Ash 3.2 3.4 % - 0.5 2.4 -4.7 141 0.5 2.5 -5.2 117 Insoluble ash 0.04 0.04 % - 0.03 0.01 -0.1 10 0.03 0.01 -0.1 10 NDF 28.8 31 % - 3.3 19.2 -31.7 16 3.6 20.4 -33.7 17 ADF 19 20.5 % - 2.1 12.2 -20.5 17 2.3 13 -21.8 19 Lignin 6 6.4 % - 0.8 4.1 -7.8 132 0.8 4.4 -8.6 132 Water insoluble cell walls 23.4 25.2 % - 5.1 13.3 -28.4 14 5.5 14 -29.9 14 Starch 1.2 1.3 % - 0.4 0.8 -1.6 8 0.5 0.2 -1.7 9 Total sugars 2.5 2.7 % - 0.3 2.3 -3.7 8 0.3 2.4 -3.3 8 Gross energy (kcal) 6350 6850 kcal/kg - 240 5890 -6880 8 250 6340 -7160 9 Calcium 2.5 2.7 g/kg - 1 1 -5.8 32 1.1 1.1 -6.2 33 Phosphorus 5.3 5.7 g/kg - 0.8 3.3 -7.2 41 0.9 3.5 -7.7 41 Phytate phosphorus 4.5 4.9 g/kg 85 % P Magnesium 2.7 2.9 g/kg - 0.3 2.1 -3.1 13 0.3 2.4 -3.4 12 Potassium 7.8 8.4 g/kg - 1.2 5.8 -10.3 16 1.3 6.3 -11.2 12 Sodium 0.07 0.07 g/kg - 0.07 0 -0.23 16 0.08 0 -0.24 12 Chlorine 0.7 0.7 g/kg - 0.2 0.07 -1.1 10 Sulfur 2 2.1 g/kg - Dietary cation-anion difference 61 65 mEq/kg - Electrolyte balance 183 198 mEq/kg - Manganese 17 18 mg/kg - 14 -19 4 Zinc 48 52 mg/kg - 45 -53 4 Copper 16 17 mg/kg - 13 -18 4 Iron 59 64 mg/kg - 47 -78 4 Selenium 0.08 0.09 mg/kg - Molybdenum 2 2 mg/kg - Lysine 6 6.5 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 0.7 5.5 -8.3 13 0.4 3.2-4.7 15 Threonine 5.7 6.1 g/kg 3.8 g/16g N Methionine 3.4 3.6 g/kg 2.3 g/16g N 0.3 3 -4 11 0.3 3.3 -4.3 10 0.4 1.6-2.6 11 Cystine 2.6 2.8 g/kg 1.8 g/16g N 0.3 1.6-2.3 10 Methionine + cystine 6 6.4 g/kg 4 g/16g N 0.5 5.9 -7.6 9 0.5 3.2-4.9 9 Tryptophan 2 2.2 g/kg 1.4 g/16g N 1.3-1.7 3 Isoleucine 5.9 6.3 g/kg 3.9 g/16g N 0.3 3.5-4.3 7 Valine 6.8 7.3 g/kg 4.6 g/16g N 0.4 4-5 7 Leucine 8.7 9.4 g/kg 5.9 g/16g N 0.5 5.2-6.5 7 Phenylalanine 6.3 6.8 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 0.2 4.1-4.6 7 Tyrosine 3.7 4 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 2 3.6 -8.5 5 3.9 -8.8 4 0.8 1.6-4 6 Phenylalanine + tyrosine 10 10.8 g/kg 6.8 g/16g N 0.8 6.2-8.6 6 Histidine 3.7 4 g/kg 2.5 g/16g N 0.9 3.5 -6.2 6 1 3.8 -6.4 5 0.3 2.1-2.9 7 Arginine 10.7 11.6 g/kg 7.2 g/16g N 1.4 6.8-10 7 Alanine 6.5 7 g/kg 4.4 g/16g N 4.1-5.9 4 Aspartic acid 11.9 12.8 g/kg 8 g/16g N Glutamic acid 24.6 26.5 g/kg 16.6 g/16g N Glycine 8.5 9.1 g/kg 5.7 g/16g N 0.3 5.1-5.7 5 Serine 6.4 6.9 g/kg 4.3 g/16g N 0.3 3.6-4.5 5 Proline 6.1 6.6 g/kg 4.1 g/16g N 3.9-4.9 4 C14:0 myristic acid 0.3 0.3 g/kg 0.08 % FA 0.04 0-0.1 8 C16:0 palmitic acid 27.1 29.3 g/kg 6.4 % FA 1.5 24.9 -28.9 5 1.5 27.1 -31.1 5 0.4 5.9-7.2 11 C16:1 palmitoleic acid 0.8 0.8 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0-0.6 4 C18:0 stearic acid 18.2 19.6 g/kg 4.3 % FA 2.8 14.9 -22.3 5 3.1 16.5 -24 5 0.8 2.8-5.4 11 C18:1 oleic acid 85.6 92.2 g/kg 20.2 % FA 3.3 15.3-28 11 C18:2 linoleic acid 275 297 g/kg 65.2 % FA 15.6 243 -288 5 16.5 263 -309 5 4.7 59.3-73.6 18 C18:3 linolenic acid 1.3 1.4 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0.3 1.2 -1.8 5 0.3 1.3 -1.9 5 0.3 0-1 11 Fatty acids 42.3 45.6 % 95 % fat Vitamin B1 thiamin 19.8 21.3 mg/kg - Vitamin B2 riboflavin 1.6 1.7 mg/kg - Vitamin B6 pyridoxine 12.4 13.4 mg/kg - Niacin 48 51.7 mg/kg - DE growing pig (kcal) 4480 4830 kcal/kg - 440 3830 -5010 5 470 4020 -5470 6 ME growing pig (kcal) 4360 4700 kcal/kg - NE growing pig (kcal) 3660 3950 kcal/kg - DE adult pig (kcal) 4680 5050 kcal/kg - ME adult pig (kcal) 4520 4880 kcal/kg - NE adult pig (kcal) 3740 4030 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility growing pig - 70.6 % 7 61.7-81.4 6 OM digestibility growing pig - 68.9 % 1 N digestibility growing pig - 78.8 % 2.9 75.5-82.4 5 Crude fat digestibility pig - 85 % 82.8-91.7 4 Energy digestibility adult pig - 73.7 % OM digestibility adult pig - 73.4 % N digestibility adult pig - 86.8 % AMEn cockerel, ground (kcal) 4360 4700 kcal/kg - AMEn cockerel, pelleted (kcal) 4530 4880 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler, ground (kcal) 4110 4430 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler, pelleted (kcal) 4280 4610 kcal/kg - PDIA INRA 2007 15 16 g/kg - PDIN INRA 2007 90 97 g/kg - PDIE INRA 2007 32 34 g/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (kcal) 3960 4260 kcal/kg - 1 1 Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 76.5 % OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2007 - 71.8 % N digestibility ruminants - 67.4 % 1 N digestibility, intestinal, ruminants - 80 % Fatty acids digestibility ruminants - 78.8 % Absorbable P ruminants 3.9 4.2 g/kg 73 % P N degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 89 % 29-90 2 Immediately degradable N (a) - 77 % Potentially degradable N (b) - 13 % Degradation rate of particles N (c) - 0.605 h-1 Starch degradability, ruminants (k=0.06) - 80 % DM degradability ruminants (k=0.06) - 70 % Immediately degradable DM (a) - 60 % Potentially degradable DM (b) - 18 % Degradation rate of particles DM (c) - 0.075 h-1 0.056-0.097 2 Lysine ruminants INRA 2007 - 6.7 % PDIE Threonine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.1 % PDIE Methionine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.1 % PDIE Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE Valine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.7 % PDIE Leucine ruminants INRA 2007 - 7.9 % PDIE Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5 % PDIE Histidine ruminants INRA 2007 - 2.2 % PDIE Arginine ruminants INRA 2007 - 5.3 % PDIE OM digestibility horse - 70.9 % Energy digestibility horse - 68.3 % Horse Forage Unit 1.25 1.35 per kg - Digestible crude protein horse 106 114 g/kg - DE rabbit (kcal) 5070 5460 kcal/kg - ME rabbit (kcal) 4920 5300 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility rabbit - 79.8 % N digestibility rabbit - 73.3 % Gross energy (MJ) 26.6 28.7 MJ/kg - 1 24.7 -28.8 8 1.1 26.5 -30 9 Absorbable Ca ruminants 1.4 1.5 g/kg 55 % Ca NDF digestibility ruminants - 63.8 % UFL FL1 INRA 2018 1.62 1.74 per kg - UFV FL1 INRA 2018 1.61 1.74 per kg - PDIA FL1 INRA 2018 19 21 g/kg - PDI FL1 INRA 2018 63 68 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL1 INRA 2018 43 46 g/kg - UFL INRA 2018 1.57 1.69 per kg - UFV INRA 2018 1.55 1.68 per kg - PDIA INRA 2018 21 23 g/kg - PDI INRA 2018 64 69 g/kg - Rumen protein balance INRA 2018 42 46 g/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2760 2980 kcal/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 2740 2950 kcal/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2018 (kcal) 4200 4530 kcal/kg - OM digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 70.4 % Energy digestibility ruminants INRA 2018 - 75.2 % N degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Starch degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 82 % Lysine ruminants INRA 2018 - 6.9 % PDI Threonine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Methionine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.4 % PDI Isoleucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.2 % PDI Valine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.6 % PDI Leucine ruminants INRA 2018 - 8 % PDI Phenylalanine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.1 % PDI Histidine ruminants INRA 2018 - 2.2 % PDI Arginine ruminants INRA 2018 - 5.3 % PDI ME ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 17.8 19.2 MJ/kg - NE lactation ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.8 12.7 MJ/kg - NE meat production ruminants INRA 2018 (MJ) 11.7 12.6 MJ/kg - DM degradability ruminants INRA 2018 - 66 % UFL FL4 INRA 2018 1.49 1.6 per kg - UFV FL4 INRA 2018 1.45 1.57 per kg - PDIA FL4 INRA 2018 25 27 g/kg - PDI FL4 INRA 2018 67 72 g/kg - Rumen protein balance FL4 INRA 2018 39 42 g/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Phosphorus consumption 5.48 5.91 g P/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Phosphorus consumption 5.48 5.91 g P/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 3.96 4.27 MJ/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 4.2 4.53 MJ/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Climate change (ILCD) 523 564 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Climate change (ILCD) 536 577 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Acidification (ILCD) 0.0105 0.0113 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Acidification (ILCD) 0.0106 0.0114 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Eutrophication (CML baseline) 45.56 49.1 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Eutrophication (CML baseline) 45.83 49.39 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex field Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0006 0.0007 m²yr/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, ex storage agency Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0006 0.0007 m²yr/kg - Fill Unit ruminants INRA 2018 0.227 0.245 per kg - C6 + C8 + C10 fatty acids 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C12:0 lauric acid 0.04 0.05 g/kg 0.01 % FA 0-0.02 3 C18:4 stearidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA C20:0 arachidic acid 1.9 2 g/kg 0.4 % FA 0.6 0.2-1.7 7 C20:1 eicosenoic acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 0.2 % FA 0.2-0.2 2 C20:4 arachidonic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:0 behenic acid 1.3 1.4 g/kg 0.3 % FA 0-0.6 2 C22:1 erucic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:5 docosapentaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C22:6 docosahexaenoic acid 0 0 g/kg 0 % FA 1 C24:0 lignoceric acid 0.8 0.9 g/kg 0.2 % FA 1 N digestibility ileal standardised pig - 82 % Digestible P pig (no phytase) 1.6 1.7 g/kg 30 % Digestible P pig (with phytase) 2.4 2.6 g/kg 45 % AMEn cockerel (kcal) 4360 4700 kcal/kg - AMEn broiler (kcal) 4110 4430 kcal/kg - Available P cockerel 1.3 1.4 g/kg 25 % P Available P broiler 1.3 1.4 g/kg 25 % P UFL INRA 2007 1.44 1.55 per kg - UFV INRA 2007 1.38 1.49 per kg - DE salmonids (kcal) 4270 4600 kcal/kg - Energy digestibility, salmonids - 67.2 % N digestibility salmonids - 83.2 % Lysine, ileal standardised, pig 4.5 4.9 g/kg 75 % Threonine, ileal standardised, pig 4.6 5 g/kg 82 % Methionine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.3 g/kg 90 % Cystine, ileal standardised, pig 2.2 2.4 g/kg 85 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardised, pig 5.2 5.7 g/kg 88 % Tryptophan, ileal standardised, pig 1.7 1.9 g/kg 86 % Isoleucine, ileal standardised, pig 5 5.4 g/kg 86 % Valine, ileal standardised, pig 5.7 6.1 g/kg 84 % Leucine, ileal standardised, pig 7.4 8 g/kg 85 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.5 6 g/kg 87 % Tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 3 3.3 g/kg 83 % Phenylananine + tyrosine, ileal standardised, pig 8.6 9.2 g/kg 86 % Histidine, ileal standardised, pig 3.1 3.4 g/kg 85 % Arginine, ileal standardised, pig 9.8 10.5 g/kg 91 % Alanine, ileal standardised, pig 5.1 5.5 g/kg 78 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardised, pig 10.1 10.9 g/kg 85 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardised, pig 22.1 23.8 g/kg 90 % Glycine, ileal standardised, pig 6.3 6.8 g/kg 75 % Serine, ileal standardised, pig 5.3 5.7 g/kg 83 % Proline, ileal standardised, pig 2.8 3 g/kg 46 % Lysine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 4.9 g/kg 76 % Threonine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.1 4.4 g/kg 72 % Methionine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.7 3 g/kg 81 % Cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 1.8 2 g/kg 70 % Methionine + cystine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.5 4.9 g/kg 76 % Tryptophan, ileal standardized, poultry 1.5 1.6 g/kg 76 % Isoleucine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.6 4.9 g/kg 78 % Valine, ileal standardized, poultry 5.2 5.6 g/kg 76 % Leucine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.8 7.3 g/kg 78 % Phenylalanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.4 g/kg 79 % Tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3 g/kg 75 % Phenylalanine + tyrosine, ileal standardized, poultry 7.8 8.4 g/kg 78 % Histidine, ileal standardized, poultry 2.8 3 g/kg 76 % Arginine, ileal standardized, poultry 8.5 9.2 g/kg 79 % Alanine, ileal standardized, poultry 5 5.4 g/kg 76 % Aspartic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 8.7 9.3 g/kg 73 % Glutamic acid, ileal standardized, poultry 19.7 21.3 g/kg 80 % Glycine, ileal standardized, poultry 6.1 6.6 g/kg 73 % Serine, ileal standardized, poultry 4.8 5.2 g/kg 75 % Proline, ileal standardized, poultry 4.7 5 g/kg 77 % DE growing pig (MJ) 18.8 20.2 MJ/kg - ME growing pig (MJ) 18.2 19.7 MJ/kg - NE growing pig (MJ) 15.3 16.5 MJ/kg - DE adult pig (MJ) 19.6 21.1 MJ/kg - ME adult pig (MJ) 18.9 20.4 MJ/kg - NE adult pig (MJ) 15.7 16.9 MJ/kg - AMEn cockerel (MJ) 18.2 19.7 MJ/kg - AMEn broiler (MJ) 17.2 18.5 MJ/kg - ME ruminants INRA 2007 (MJ) 16.6 17.8 MJ/kg - 1 1 DE rabbit (MJ) 21.2 22.9 MJ/kg - ME rabbit (MJ) 20.6 22.2 MJ/kg - DE salmonids (MJ) 17.9 19.3 MJ/kg - VEM CVB 2018 1434 1545 per kg - VEVI CVB 2018 1512 1629 per kg - DVE CVB 1991 12 13 g/kg - OEB CVB 1991 103 111 g/kg - DVLYS CVB 1991 0.6 0.7 g/kg - DVMET CVB 1991 0.4 0.4 g/kg - TDN 1x ruminants NRC 2001 116 125 % - DE 1x ruminants NRC 2001 5.06 5.45 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 3x ruminants NRC 2001 3.24 3.5 Mcal/kg - NE Lactation 4x ruminants NRC 2001 3.09 3.33 Mcal/kg - NE Maintenance 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.95 3.18 Mcal/kg - NE Gain 3x ruminants NRC 2001 2.14 2.31 Mcal/kg - Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 25% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 11 % Rumen Undegradable Protein (diet 50% concentrate) NRC 2001 - 11 % EN Lactation ruminants GfE 10.1 10.9 MJ/kg - nxP ruminants GfE 202 218 g/kg - RNB ruminants GfE -9 -9 g/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field Phosphorus consumption 0.03 0.03 g P/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field Phosphorus consumption 5.62 6.06 g P/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field Phosphorus consumption 6.37 6.87 g P/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field Phosphorus consumption 5.57 6 g P/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 2.2 2.37 MJ/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 3.87 4.17 MJ/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 3.35 3.61 MJ/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field Cumulative energy demand (non-renewable: fossil+nuclear) 3.3 3.56 MJ/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field Climate change (ILCD) 378 407 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field Climate change (ILCD) 448 483 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field Climate change (ILCD) 473 510 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field Climate change (ILCD) 469 506 g CO2eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field Acidification (ILCD) 0.0108 0.0116 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field Acidification (ILCD) 0.0065 0.007 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field Acidification (ILCD) 0.008 0.0086 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field Acidification (ILCD) 0.008 0.0086 mol H+eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field Eutrophication (CML baseline) 48.66 52.44 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field Eutrophication (CML baseline) 27.45 29.59 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field Eutrophication (CML baseline) 34.15 36.8 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field Eutrophication (CML baseline) 34.11 36.76 g PO4---eq/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, organic fertilizers, ex field Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0008 0.0008 m²yr/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, cover cropping, ex field Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0008 0.0009 m²yr/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, protein crop, ex field Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0008 0.0009 m²yr/kg - Origin France, conventional farming, average, ex field Land competition (CML non baseline) 0.0008 0.0009 m²yr/kg - Starch, enzymatic method 0.4 0.4 % - Vitamin A 0.05 0.05 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin D 0 0 1000 IU/kg - Vitamin E 423 456 mg/kg - Vitamin K 0 0 mg/kg - Vitamin B12 0 0 µg/kg - Pantothenic acid 8.3 8.9 mg/kg - Folic acid 0 0 mg/kg - Vitamin C 14 15.1 mg/kg - Choline 551 594 mg/kg -